Post on 12-Mar-2015
A
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
H1 histamine inhibs
A
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
H1 histamine inhibs
A
Loratidine
Low entry into cns
A
1st gen H1
SX Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic
A
Isoprotenerol
Non Spec beta agonist
A
Isoprotenerol
SX tachycardia
A
Albuterol
Use during acute exacerbation
A
Salmeterol
Long Acting B 2
A
Theophylline
inhibits phosphodiesterase Lowers cAMP hydrolysis
A
Irpatropium
competitive M3 block
A
irpatropium
used in COPD
A
irpatropium
sx dry mouth
A
Cromolyn
prevent release from mast cells
A
cromolyn
asthma prophylax
A
Beclomethasone
Inactivate NF kB
A
NF kb
induces TNFa
A
Zileuton
5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
A
zileuton
asthma prophylax
A
zafirlukast, montelukast
block leukotriene receptors
A
zafirlukast, montelukast
good for asprin induced asthma ltd4
A
dextromethorphan
antitussive
A
codeine
antitussive, abuse potential
A
omalizumab
anti IgE
A
guanfenesin
expectorant
A
N-acetylcystein
mucolytic
A
bosentan
endothelin receptor antat, use in pulm htn
A
Finasteride
5 a reductase inhib
A
Flutamide
nonsteroidal comp inhib at testosterone recept
A
Ketoconazole
Inhibits steroid synth
A
spironolactone
inhibit steroid binding
A
leuprolide, goserellin
cause initial flare
A
leuprolide, goserellin
use for uterine fibroids
A
leuprolide, goserellin
use in prostate cnacer
A
sildenafil vardenavil
cGMP pde inhibitor
A
sildenafil vardenavil
impaired blue green color vision
A
Mifepristone
protestin inhibitor at progestin receptor
A
Dinoprostone
PGE2 analog induces labor
A
Ritodrine, terbutaline
b2 agonists RELAX uterous
A
Anastrazole
reversible
A
exemestane
irreversible
A
anastrazole, exemestane
aromatase inhibs
A
DES
causes adenocarcinoma of Vagina
A
Progestins
used n abnormal uterine bleeding
A
Clomiphene
partional estrogen receptor agonist in HYPOTHALAMUS
A
Tamoxifen
agonist on endometrial, antagonist on breast
A
raloxifene
agonist on bone, not agonist on breast or endometrial
A
mannitol
causes pulmonary edema, dehydration,
CONTRAINDICATED in anuria, CHF
A
acetazolamide
alkalinizes urine in salicylate poisoning
A
acetazolamide
use in glaucoma
A
acetazolamide
causes hyperchlormic metabolic acidosis
A
acetazolamide
sulfa allergy
A
acetazolamide
reduces total body hco3 stores
A
furosemide, butamide
Loops loose calcium
A
furosemide, butamide
use in chf cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypercalcemia
A
furosemide, butamide
sx ototoxicity, nephritis, hypokalemia, GOUT
A
furosemide, butamide
sulfa allergy
A
ethacrynic acid
not a sulfamide, is a loop
A
ethacrynic acid
can be used in ini hyperuricemia, but not to treat gout
A
ethacrynic acid
greatest loop ototoxicity
A
hydrochlorothiazide
reduces diluting capacity of neprhon
A
hydrochlorothiazide
use in idiopathic hypercalciuria
A
hydrochlorothiazide
sx hyperglycemia, hyper lipidemia hyper uricemia
A
hydrochlorothiazide
lowers insulin release
A
hydrochlorothiazide
sulfa allergy
A
furosemide
best in severe renal failure
A
triamterine, amiloride
k+ sparers
A
eplenerone
newer spironalactone
A
spironolactone
activates p450
A
spironolactone
do not use in myoglobinuria b/c spares k+ further
A
spironalactone
only diuretic that decreases mortality in chf since it blocks
aldo mediated remodeling
A
contraction alkalosis
volume contraction leads to increased ATII, Shed H+ to save
Na
A
paradoxical aciduria
in low K state, trade out H for Na rather than K thus alkalosis,
aciduria
A
ACE inhibs
cause Cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes
hypotension, pregnency problems hyperkalemia
A
ACE inhibs
avoid in ARF
A
ACE inhibs
can cause 1st dose hypotension
A
alcohol intox
disinhibition emotional lability, slured speech ataxia coma
blackouts GGT up
A
alcohol withdraw
tremor tachy htn malaise nausea seizures delirium tremens,
hallucinations formication tx with benxos
A
opoid intox
cns depression, constipation pinpoint pupils, seizures tx:
naloxone, naltrexone
A
opoid withdraw
anxiety insomnea, sweating, dilated pupils rhinorrhea, diarrhea,
yawning
A
barb intox
respiratory depression
A
barb withdraw
anxiety seizures, deliurum CV collapse
A
benzo intox
amnesia, ataxia somnolence, additive effects with alcohol, tx
flumanzenil
A
benzo withdraw
rebound anxiety seizures tremor insomnia tx lorazepam
A
amphet tox
psychomotor agitation, pupil dilation, htn, euphoria,
tachycardia, arrythmea, psychosis
A
amphet withdraw
depression ,lethargy HUNGER, hypersomnolence
A
cocaine tox
euprhoria, puil dilation, hallucinations, sudden cardiac
death cocaine bugs
A
cocaine withdraw
crash depression, hypersomnolence, psychological
craving, resembles major depressive episode
A
caffeine tox
restlessness insomnia diuresis cardiac arrythmea
A
caffeine withdraw
headache lethargy weight gain
A
nicotine tox
restlessness incomnia test for Cotinine
A
nicotine withdraw
irritiability headache anxiety weight gain craving
A
PCP tox
belligerence, impulsivness vertical nystagmus, tachy ataxia
homicidality psychosis deliurium
A
PCP withdraw
depression anxiety irritability restlessness anergia
A
LSD intox
anxietey flashbacks pupil dilation
A
Marij tox
appetite increase, dry mouth hallucinations
A
marij withdraw
insomnia nausea irritabilty depressoin
A
alcohol witdrawal
tx benzos
A
anorexia bulemia
tx ssris NO Bupropion
A
anxiety
tx benxos buspirone (GAD) ssris
A
ADHD
tx methyphenidate, amphetamines
A
atypical depression
tx with mao, ssris
A
bipolar mood stabilizers
lithium (mania + maintenance) Valproic acid (rapid cyclers mania
only) carbamazepine
A
bipolar
tx atypical antipsychotics
A
depression
tx with ssris snris tcas
A
depression w insomnia
tx with mirtazapine(a2 antagonist)
A
ocd
tx with ssris, clomipramine (tca)
A
panic disorder
tx ssris tcas benzos
A
panic disorder
alprazolam for acute attack
A
ptsd
tx with ssris
A
schizoprhenia
tx with antipsychotics (halperidol, respirodol)
A
tourettes
tx with antipsychotis (halperidol)
A
methylphenidate
increases presynaptic NE vesicular release
A
High Potency Antipsyhch
halperidol, trifluoperazine fluphenazine (Neurologic side
effects)
A
low potency antipsychotics
thioridazine chlorpromazine (non neurologic side effects anti musc
anti ach)
A
Typical antipsych
block D2, musc, a1 and histamine receptors
A
Atypical Antisphcy
cause hyperprolatinemia
A
Atypical Antisphcy
sx dry mouth constipation (anti musc) hypotension (alpha block)
sedation (histamine block)
A
Atypical Antisphcy
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome rigidity myoglobinuria
hyperpyrexia tx w dantrolene
A
Atypical Antisphcy
sx tardive dyskinesia lip smacking, sterotypic oral facial
movements resemble huntingtons
A
atypical antipsych
colozapine, olanzapine risperidone aripiprazole quietapine ziprasidone
A
clozapine
most wieght giaine
A
ziprasidone
least weight gain
A
atypical antipsych
block 5ht alpha h1 and dopamine receptors, less eps
A
clozapine
causes agranulocytosis
A
clozapine
most effective atypical
A
olanzapine
also used for ocd, anxiety depression mania and tourettes
A
lithium
used in SIADH, causes Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
A
lithium
sx hypotyroid, ebstein's anomlly, tremor
A
Buspirone
non benzo anxiolitic
A
buspirone
stims 5ht1a receptors
A
buspirone
no sedation or addiction
A
tcas
imipramine, amitryptiline, desipramine, nortryptiline,
clomipramine, doxepin amoxapine
A
tcas
block reuptake of ne and serotonin
A
imipramine
use in enuresis
A
amitryptiline
use in depression w insomnia, chronic pain
A
desipramine
least sedating, use in panic disorder
A
nortryptiline
use in depression for elderly
A
clomipramine
use for ocd
A
doxepan
use for GAD
A
amitryptilyne
has most anticholinergic effects
A
tcas
block uptake of NE and serotonin
A
tcas
sx sedation alpha blocking anticholinergic, seight gain
sedation
A
tcas
cause convulsions coma cardiotox, use NaHCO3 for CV tox
A
imipramine amitryptiline
cause long qt
A
SSRIS
fluoxetine paroxetine sertraline citalopram
A
ssris
cause gi distress, anorgasmia
A
ssris
can cause serotonin syndrome (Flushing ,diarrhea, hyperthermia
muscle rigidity CV collapse)
A
bupropion
increases NE and dopamine
A
buproprion
tox tachycardia insomnia headache seizure in buleic patiens
A
SNRI
venlafaxine duloxetine
A
snri
toxicity increase bp
A
duloxetine
used in diabbetic peripheral neuopathy
A
mirtazapine
a2 antagonist, 5ht2 antagonist
A
mirtazapine
causes sedation increase appetite dry mouth
A
mirtazapine
use in depression w insomnia, chronic pain
A
maprotiline
blocks ne reuptake
A
trazodone
prohibits serotinin reuptake,
A
trazodone
used for insomnia, high dose needed for antidepressant
A
trazodone
causes priapism, postural hypotension
A
MAO
phenelzine, tranylcypromine
A
MAO
htn crisis with tyramine ingestion, serotonin syndrome with ssris
A
MAO
use in atypical depressoin
A
epineprhine
decreases aq humor synthesis due to vasocinstriction
A
epinephrine
not for closed angle glaucoma
A
brimonidine
decrease aq humor secretion (alpha agonist)
A
timolol betaxolol cartelol
decrease aq humor secretion For chronic open angle
A
acetazolamide
decrease aq humor secretion for acute open angle
A
pilocarpine, carbachol
increase outlflow of aq humor contract ciliary muscle, open trabecular meshwork (musc
agonists)
A
physostigmine echothiophate
ache inthibitors very effective at opening canal of schlem
A
latanoprost
pgf2 increases outflow of aq humor
A
latanoprost
darkens color of iris
A
Mu receptor
open k channels close ca channels
A
mu receptor agonists
open k channels close ca channels decrease synaptic transmission (depolarize w/o transmission)
A
ketamine
inhibits glutamate and thus prevents tolerence of morphine
A
pentacozine
can precipitate opoid withdraw
A
miosis and constipation
opoid effects to which tolerance does not develop
A
butorphanol
partial mu agonist, full kappa agonist
A
tramadol
weak opoid agonist, inhibits serotonin and ne uptake
A
tramadol
use in chronic pain
A
tramadol
Causes seizures
A
tramadol
is an snri plus and partial agonist
A
Phenytoin
1st line tonic clonic
A
carbamazepine
first line tonic clonic
A
valproic acid
first line tonic clonic
A
phenytoin, carbamazepine phenytoin
first line tonic clonic
A
ethosuximide and valproate
first line absence
A
benzos
first line for acute status epilepts
A
phenytoin
prophylax for status epileptis
A
phenytoin
increass na channel inactivation
A
carbamazepine
increases na channel inactivation
A
lamotrigine
blocks voltage gated na channels
A
gabapentin
increases gaba release
A
topiramate
blocks na channels AND increases gaba action
A
phenobarbitol
increases GABAA DURATION OF opening
A
valproic acid
increases na channel inactivation, increases gaba concentration
A
ethosuximide
blocks thalamic t type ca channels
A
benzo
increases frequency of gaba action
A
carbamazepine
first line for tic douleroaux
A
gabapentin
used for peripheral neruopathy
A
topiramate
causes kidney stones
A
phenobarbitol
safe in pregnancy
A
valproate
use in myoclonic seizures
A
benzos
used in seizures of eclampsia
A
mgso4
used to prevent seizures of eclampsia
A
carbamazepine
induction of p450
A
carbamazepine
sx agranylocytosis, liver toxicity teratogeniss
A
ethosuximide
causes SJS
A
phenobarbitol
induction of p450, exacerbates ACUTE intermittent prophyria
A
valproate
causes neuroal tube defects
A
primidone
metabolized to phenobarbitol
A
phenytoin
can cause nystagmus, lupus
A
phenytoin
causes gingival hyperplasia
A
phenytoin
blocks intestinal conjugase
A
phenyhtoin
blocks glutamate release
A
barbs
bind at GABA receptor not at Chloride channel
A
Barbs
terminats reaction by redistribution to tissues
A
benzos
short acting triazolam, oxazepam midazolam, highest addictive
potential
A
benzos
use for nignt terrors, sleepwalking because DECREASE stage 3/4
sleep
A
benzos
decrease rem sleep
A
triazolam oxazepam midazolam
short acting benzos
A
diazepam lorazepamm chlordiazepoxide
longer acting, use in alchohol detox
A
alprazolam
use in panic attacks ultra short acting
A
drugs with decrease solubility in blood
rapid induction and recovery times
A
drug with high solubility in lipids
increased potency = 1/minimal alveolar concentration
A
halothane
hepatotoxic, causes fulminant liver failure
A
enflurane
proconvulsant
A
methoxyflurane
nephtrotoxic
A
nitrous oxide
low blod and lipid solubility
A
halothane enflurane isoflurane sevoflurane methoxyflurane
nitrous oxide
inhaled anesthetics
A
thipental
rapid entry into brain, induction of anestesia
A
thiopental
decrease cerebral blood flow
A
midazolam
used in endoscopy ans anesthetics
A
arylcyclohexylamines (Ketamine)
block NMDA receptors, cause hallucination
A
Ketamine, arylcyclohex
increase cerebral blood flow
A
propofol
rapid anesthesia induction, potentitates GABAa
A
Procaine cocaine tetracaine lidocaine mepivacacaine
bupivacaine
block na channesl
A
Procaine cocaine tetracaine lidocaine mepivacacaine
bupivacaine
bind to activated na channels
A
Procaine cocaine tetracaine lidocaine mepivacacaine
bupivacaine
order of nerve blockatde small myelinated> small unmyelanted
>large m yelanated > large unmyelenated
A
Procaine cocaine tetracaine lidocaine mepivacacaine
bupivacaine
order of loss pain, temp, touch (meiissners) pressure (paccinian)
LOSE PRESSURE LAST
A
Procaine cocaine tetracaine lidocaine mepivacacaine
bupivacaine
given with vasocinstrictors (except cocaine)
A
succinylcholine
phase 1 no antidoted, block potentiated by cholinesterase
inhibitors
A
succinylcholine
phase 2 (repolarized but blocked) antidote is ache inhibitor
A
succinylcholine
depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug
A
turocurarine atacurium mivacurium pancuronium vecuronium rocuronium
nondepolarizing compettive neuromuscular blocking drugs
A
dantrolene
binds ryanodine recept, prevents release of ca from sarcoplasmic
retic
A
dantroliene
use in malig hypothermia
A
inhaled anesthetic + succinylcholine
can cause malig hyperthermia
A
Bromocriptine, pramipexole, ropinarole
dopamine receptor agonists
A
amantadine
increase dopamine release
A
amantadine
causes ataxia
A
selegeline
mao b, used in parkinsons
A
entacapone tolcapone
COMT inhibitors
A
levodopa
effects wane, increasing on-off phenomena
A
levodobpa carbidopa
do not give Vit B6 because that causes increased metab of DOPA
A
carbidopa
blocks doba decarboxylase
A
sumatriptan
5ht agonist, causes vasoconstriction
A
sumatriptan
inhibits trigeminal activatoin and vasoactive peoptide release
A
sumatriptan
causes coronary vasospasm
A
memantine
blocks nmda, prevents gultamate excitotoxicity in alzheimers
A
donepezil
ache inhib use in alzhemiers
A
essential tremor
use b blocker
A
alzheimers
increased glutamate, decreased ach
A
ketorolac
parenteral nsaid
A
indomethacin
close pda
A
ccelecoxib
cox 2 inhib
A
cox 2
inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium, mediates inflammation and pain
A
cox 1
helps maintain gastric mucosa
A
cox 2 inhibs
sulfa allergy, increase risk of thrombosis (blocks pgi2 more)
A
acetamenophen
lacks anti inflammatory properties
A
n acetylsystine
anditode to acetamenophen tox by regenerating glutahtione
A
acetamentophen
toxicity shose ^^ AST ^^ALT normal alk phos
A
etidronate, pamidronate, alendronate, risendronate
bisphosphonates, inhibit osteoclast activity
A
bisphosphonates
reduce formation and resoprtion of hydroxyapatite
A
bisphosphanates
resemble pyrophosphate
A
bisphosphonates
cause corrosive esophagitis
A
bisphosphonates
poor oral availabiliyt
A
colchicine
binds tubuilin to inhibit microtubule, impairing leuko
chemotaxis
A
colchicine
causes diarrhea
A
propenicid
inhibits resorption of uric acid in PCT,
A
prbenicid
inhibits secretion of penicillin
A
allopurionol
inhibits axanthine oxidase
A
allopurinol
increases concentrations of azathioprine and 6 mp
A
propenicid and allopurionol
do not use in acute gout
A
salicylates
depress uric acid clearence
A
hctz furosimide
increase gout
A
etanercept
recombinant tnf receptor, binds tnf
A
etanercept
causes infections, TB
A
infliximab
anti tny antibody
A
infliximab
often causes reactivation of latent tb
A
methotrexate
blocks DHF, first line in RA
A
methotrexate
causes stomatitis
A
prednisone
use for RA in elderly
A
heparin
used during pregnancy, does not cross placenta
A
heparin
follow PTT because really inhibits xa
A
heparin
reverse with protamine sulfate
A
heparin
risk of hit increases with tx lenght and platelet factor 4
A
antithrombin three
inhibites 2,7,9,10,11
A
lepirudin, bivalrudin, argatroban
direct thrombin inhibitors
A
protamine sulfate
treat heparin overdose but NOT direct thrombin inthibitors
A
warfarin
follow PTT because really inhibits xa
A
warfarin
not used in pregnant women
A
warfarin
watch out for proein c deficiency, causes clotting early in tx
A
cholestyramine
binds warfarin
A
warfarin
slow onset of action (3 days)
A
warfarin tox
give fresh frozen plasma
A
cryoplasma
only Factor 8 fibrinogen
A
streptokinase
much cheaper than tpa
A
streptokinase, tpa, urokinase, anistreplase
increase pt and ptt, no change in platelet count
A
aminocaproic acid
inhibits plasmin activation
A
sagramostin
recombinant GMCSF used in chemo
A
filgastrim
only affects GRANULOCYTES
A
asprin
causes tinnitus
A
asprin
causes acute resp. alkalosis, followed by metabolic acidosis
A
abciximab
monoclonal antibody to gpII/III (binds fibrinogen)
A
abciximab
similar in effect to GLANZMAN's
A
abciximab
used in coronary angioplasty
A
cilastazol/dipyridamole
inhibits plt phosphodiesterase, decreases plt aggregatoin and
vasodilates
A
desmopressin acetate
synthetic adh, RELEASES factor 8 from entothelium, use in
hemophilia A
A
clopidogril
adp receptor blocer
A
ticlopidine
adp receptor blocker
A
clopidogril ticlopidine
used in coronary stenting
A
ticlodipine
causes neutropenia
A
methotrexate
s phase specific
A
methotrexate
inhibits DHF reducatse, decreasing dTMP
A
methotrexate
rescue with leucovorin
A
methotrexate,
causes fatty change, mucositis, ulcer
A
methotrexate
can use in abortion, ectopic pregnancy
A
methotrexate
can use in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis
A
5fu
s phase specific, inhibits thymidylate synthase
A
5fu
use in colon cancer, solid tumor
A
5fu
rescue with thymidine
A
cladribine
cyttoxic purine analog, resistent to degradation by ADA use in hairy
cell
A
fludrabine
purine, resistant to ada, use in CLL
A
6mp
block de novo purine, activated by HGPRTase
A
6mp
use in leukemia lymphoma
A
6mp
metabolized by xanthine oxidase, toxic with allopurinol
A
cytarabine, ara-c
inhibits dna polym (pyrimidine analog
A
cytarabine, ara-c
use in aml, all, non hodgkin's lymphoma
A
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
alkylating agents, crosslink at guannine N7, require activation by
liver
A
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
used in nhl, breast ovarian, also for PAN
A
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
cause hemorahgic cystitis, prevent with MESNA
A
mesna
prevents hemorhagic cystitis from cyclophos
A
Carmustine, lo mustine, semustin streptozocin
cross link dna, cross blood brain
A
Carmustine, lo mustine, semustin streptozocin
use in Brain tumors
A
Cisplatin, carboplatin
cross link dna use in testic bladder, ovar, lung
A
amifostine
use with platinum drugs to gather free radicals, prevent nephrotox
A
Cisplatin, carboplatin
sever nephrotox, acoustic nerve damage
A
busulfan
alylate dna, ablates bone marrow in transplants, use in cml
A
busulfan
causes pulm fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
A
doxorubicin, daunorubicin
intercalate dna, use in hodkink, myeloma, solid tumor
A
doxorubicin, daunorubicin
dilated cardiomyopathy, alopecia, leg swelling, cardiotoxicity
A
dactinomycin
intercalates, use in wilms ewings, rhabdomyo
A
bleomycin
forms free radicals, use in testicular , hodgkins
A
bleomycin
causes pulm fibrosis, skin changes
A
hydroxyruea
inhibits ribonuceide reductase
A
hydroxyurea
use in melanoma, cml, sickle cell
A
hydroxyurea
increases HbF synthesis
A
tamoxifen, raloxifen
antagonists in breast, agonsist in bone
A
tamoxifen, raloxifen
increase risk of endometrial carcinoma
A
anastrazole
reversible aromatase inhib
A
exemestane
irreversible aromatase inhib DON"T MESS WITH MESTANE
A
trastuzamab
antaibody against her2 erb b2 (tyrosine kinase)
A
trastuzamab
causes cardiotoxicity
A
imatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitr
A
imatinib
causes cardiotoxicity
A
vincristine, vinblastine
bind tublin block microtubule formation
A
vincristine
causes neurotoxicity, peripheral neuritis
A
vinblastine
blasts bone marrow (bone marrow suppression)
A
paclitaxol
prevents disassembly of mitotic spinle
A
flutamide
androgen receptor antagoneist in prstate cander
A
leuprolide goserelin
gnrh agonists for prostate cancer
A
ifn a
use in hairy cell cml kaposis
A
rituximab
binds cd20 on b cells, monocolonal ab treat low grade
nhl
A
m phase specific
vinca alkaloids, taxols
A
S phase specific
etoposide, antimetabolites
A
g phase specific
bleomycin
A
etoposide
topo 2 blocker
A
cimetidine ranitidine famotidine nizatidine
h2 blockers, decreases h+ secretion by parietal cells
A
cimetidine
inhibis p450
A
cimetidine
causes gynecomastia, prolactin releae
A
cimetine and ranitidine
decrease renal exretion of creatinine
A
omeprazole lansoprazole
irreversible inhibit h k atpase on luminal side
A
omeprazole lansoprazole
cause reflex gastrin secretion
A
mperidine
leas likely to cause contraction of sphincter of oddi
A
megestrol
pro apetite
A
phentyramine
appetite suppresant
A
sibutramine
mao inhibitor, reduces appetite
A
sucralfate
requires acid activtion, cannot be used with antacis or h2 blockers
A
misoprostol
pge1 analog, prevents nsaid induced ulcers
A
misoprostol
keeps patent ductus arteriosis
A
pirenzepine, propantheline
block m1 recepors on ecl cells (less histamine) and m3 receptors
on parietal cells
A
aluminum hydroxide
causes constipation and hypophosphatemia
A
mg oh
causes diarrhea and hyporeflexia, hypotension and cardiac arrest
A
calcium carbonate
causes hyupercalcemia, rebound acid and milk alkali (hyercalcemic
alkalosis)
A
MgOH AlOH CaCo3
all antacids can cause hypokalemia since lose acid, loose k+
A
CAco3
reduces effectiveness of tetracyclines
A
infliximab
antibody to tnf
A
sulfasalazine
sulfapyridine plus mesalamine, use in crohns uc
A
sulfasalazine
causes oligospermia
A
loperamide
opoid , suppreses gi matility, use in diahhrea
A
ipecac
proemetic, acts on chemotactic trigger zone
A
ondesetron
5ht3, central antiemetic
A
metoclopramide
d2 antagonist, increass contractility, PROEMETIC
A
metoclopramide
causes parkinsonian side effects
A
cisapride
prokenitec, promotes release of AcH
A
octreatide
somatostain, used in varceal blleding, and carcinoid diarrhea
A
docusate
detergent, water + fatty acid, stool softener
A
psyllium, methyl celluslose
bulk forming laxatives
A
irritant laxatives
castor oil, senna, bisacodyl
A
lubricating laxatives
mineral oil, glycerin
A
ursodial
bile acid derrivative, used to dissolve cholesterol stones
A
lispro aspart
short acting insulin
A
regular
regular inulin use in DKA
A
glargine, determir ultralente
long acting insulin
A
tolbutamide chlorpropamide
first gen sulfonureas, close k channel
A
glyburide, glimepride glipizide
second gen sulfonyl
A
tolbutamide chlorpropamide
causes disulfiram like effects
A
Metformin
decreases gluconeo, increase glycolysi in liver
A
metformin
causes lactic acidosis from excess glycolytic pathway activation
A
pioglitazone rosiglitazone
ppar gamma nuclear recepor increases response to insulin
A
pioglitazone rosiglitazone
causes edema weight gain, hepatotoxicity
A
acarbose, miglitol
inhibit brush border alpha glucosidases
A
pramlintide
decreases glucagon
A
exenatide
glp1 mimetic, inhibits glucagon release, increase insulin
A
orlistatt
get's rid of fat, inhibits pancreatic lipase
A
sibutramine
snri, appetite suppresant
A
Propylthiouracil
inhibits organification, decreases peripheral coversion of t4 to t3
A
propylthiouracil, methimazole
can cause skin rash agranulocytosis, aplastic anema
A
beta blockers
prevent t4 to t3
A
perchlorate
block iodide uptake, use in radioactive fallout
A
methmimazole
blocks organification
A
somatostatin
use in carcinoid gastrinoma, glucagonoma
A
levothyroxine, triiodothyronine
do not releive exopthalomus
A
metyrapone
blocks 11 alpha hydroxylase
A
democlocycline
adh antagonist, use in SIADH
A
democycline
can cause photosensitiveit abnormalities of bone and teeth
A
finasteride
blocks 5 alpha reductase
A
reserpine
blocks ne from getting into vessibles, anti htn
A
guanethidine
blocks ne from into vessilces, anti htn
A
methyldopa
a2 agonist, anti htn
A
nitroprusside
releases cn
A
diazoxide
increases K, causes hyperglycemia
A
hydralazine
increases cGMP vasodilates arterioles > vins
A
hydralizine
first line for pregnancy with methyldopa
A
hydralazine
causes rebound tachy, lupus, fluid retention
A
minoxidil
k channel operner, hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth
muscle
A
minoxidil
causes hair growth, reflex tachy, pericardial effusion, salt retention
A
Nifedipine
ca blocker more peripheral
A
verapamil diltiazem
more heart
A
ca channel blockers,
use in prinzmetals, raynaud
A
ca channel blockers,
cause flushing dizziness constipation
A
verapamil diltiazem
causes constipation
A
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate
increase cGMP relax blood vessels
A
nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate
dilate veins>>arteris, preload down
A
nitroprusside
cGMP up direct release of NO, decrease preload and after load
A
Fenoldopam
D1 agonist, Gs relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
A
Diazoxide
k channel operner relaxes vascular smooth muscle
A
nitroprusside, fenoldopam, diazoxide
malignant htn tx
A
Nitrates
cause increase contractilyt and rebound tachy
A
beta blockers
cause increase EDV and incrase ejection time
A
Nifedipine
similiar to nitrates (reflex tachy)
A
verapamil
siiilar to effect in beta blockers
A
pindolol and acebutol
partial beta agonists, contraindicated in angina
A
statins
lower ldl mostly
A
statins
cause increase in lfts, rhabdomyolyis esp w/ fibrates
A
niacin
incredase hdl, inhibit lipolysis in adipose, reduces hepatic vldl
A
niacin
red flush face is decreased by aspirin
A
cholestyramin, colestipol and colesevalm
decrease ldl, contraindicated wi gallstones
A
cholestyramin, colestipol and colesevalm
can increase triglycerides
A
ezetimibe
lowers ldl, prevents cholest reabsorption at small intestine
brush border
A
gemfibrazil, clofibrate, bezafibrate fenofibrate
lower TGs dramatically
A
gemfibrazil, clofibrate, bezafibrate fenofibrate
upregulate LPL
A
gemfibrazil, clofibrate, bezafibrate fenofibrate
cause myositis w statins and gallstones with bile acid resins
A
b1 are gs
they activate PKA, phosphyrlates Ltype Ca and phospholamban, Increase Ca during contraction
A
digoxin
direct inhibiton of na ka atpase, indrect inhibition of na ca exchanger, increases ca
intracellular concentration
A
digoxin
stimulates vagus nerve
A
digoxin
use in chf because it increases contractility
A
digoxin
use in a fib since it decreases conduction through vagal
stimulation
A
digoxin
increases parasympathetic activity
A
digoxin
tox worse in renal failure
A
digoxin
causes hypokalemia, competes with k at binding site
A
digoxin
quinidine reduces digoxin clearence
A
digoxin
antidote is lidokane, normalize k anti dig Fab fragments and mg
A
Class 1
usualy block conduction in depolarized cells
A
class 1a
increase action potential lenth
A
class 1 b
decrease action potential length
A
class 1c
no change in action potential length
A
class 1
all decrease slope of phase 4 deplarization by working on
sodium channels
A
Quinidine procainamide disopyramide
class 1a
A
class 1a
increase effective refrac period and increase q ti interval. Affect both atrial and ventricular arrythmias
A
class 1a
used in reentrant and extopic supraventricular tachy
A
quinidine
causes cinchonism, headache tinnitus thrombocytopenia,
torsades de pointes
A
procainamide
drug inducded lupus
A
lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
class 1b
A
class 1b
all affect ischemic or depolarized tissue, used in acute ventricular
arrythmias
A
class 1b
use POST MI
A
class 1b
shortest duration time
A
class 1b
use in digitalis induce arrythmia
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
class 1c
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
use in vtachs that progress to vfib
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
proarrythmic
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
used for intractable arrythmias
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
never use post mi
A
flecainide, encainide, prpafenone
verytight binding and slow rlease
A
lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
low affinity ver rapid binding and release, only act on active tissue
A
beta blockers
may mask signs of hypoglycemia
A
sotalol, ibutilide, amiodarone, dofetlide
k channel block, increase AP duration increase Effective refractory period increase qt
interval
A
soltalol
causes torsades de pointes and excessive beta block
A
ibutilide
torsades
A
amiodarone
causes pulm fibrosis, corneal deoposits, hepatotoxicity, skin
deposits, constipatoin, bradycarida
A
amiodarone
cause HYPOor HYPER thyroid
A
amiodarone
check pfts lfts and thyroidfts
A
verapamil, diltiazem
class 4 mostly affect av nodal cells
A
verapamil, diltiazem
decrease conduction velocity, increase effective refractory period, increase PR interval
A
verapamil, diltiazem
increase PR interval
A
adenosine
releases k from cell, hyperpolarizing cell, decreasing ca
conductance
A
adenosine
abolishes av nodal arrythmias, reduces spontaneus depolarization
A
k
depresses ectopic pacemakers in hypokalemia
A
mg
effective in torsades de pointes and digoxin toxicity
A
acetycholine
opens k channels, hyperpolarize
A
milrinone
increases cardiac contractiliyt by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
A
milrinone
increases cAMP, camp increases ca channel conductance, thus increase
contractility and vasodilate
A
p450 inducers
quiidine barbs st johns phenytoin rifampin griseofulvin carbamaz
(alcohol)
A
p450 inhibitors
sulfonamides inh cimetidine ketoconazole erythromycin
grapefruit
A
quinidine, barbs, st johns phenytoin rifampin griseofulvin
carbamaz
p450 inducers
A
sulfonamides inh cimetidine ketoconazole erythromycin
grapefurit
p450 inhibitors
A
atropine like side effects
tricyclics (less is nortriptyline, more is amytryptiline)
A
coronary vasosasm
cocaine sumatripan
A
cutaneuos flushing
niacin ca 2 channel blockers adenosine vancomycin
A
dilated cardiomyopathy
doxorubicin daunorubicin, alcohol
A
torsades
class 3 sotalol, class 1a quinidine, cisapride (a prokinetic increase
ach)
A
agranulocytosis
clozapine carbamazepine colchicine propylthiouriacil
methimazole
A
aplastic anemia
chloramphenicol, benzene, nsaids propylthiouracil methimazole
A
direct coombs positive hemolytic anemia
methyldopa (a2 agonist)
A
gray baby
chloramphenicol
A
hemolysis in g6pd
inh, sulfonamides primaquine aspirin, ibuprofen nitrofurantoin
A
megaloblastic anemia
phenytoin methotrexate sulfa drugs
A
thrombosis
ocps
A
cough
ace
A
pulm fibrosis
bleomycin busulfan amiodarone
A
acute cholestatic hepatitis
macrolides
A
hepatic necrosis
halothane, valproate, acetamenophen amanita phalloides
A
hepatitis
inh
A
psudomembranous colits
clindamycin ampiciln
A
adrenocortical insufficiney
glucocorticoid withdrawal
A
hot flases
tamoxifen clomiphene
A
gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin methotrexate sulfa drugs
A
gout
furosemide thiazides
A
osteoporosis
corticosteroids heparin
A
gynecomastia
spironolactone digitalis cimetidine chronic alcohol use estrogens
ketoconazole
A
photosensitivity
sulfonamides amiodarone tetracycline
A
rash SJS
ethosuximide lamotrigine carbamazepine phenobarbitol, phenytoin sulfa drugs penicllin
allopurinol
A
sle drug induced
hydralazine inh procainamde phenytoin
A
tendonitis
fluorquinolones bad for the bones
A
fanconi (can't resorb in proximal renal tubule
expried tetracycline lead
A
interstitial neprhitis
methicillin nsaids furosimide
A
hemorrhagic systitis
cyclophosphamide isofosmaide
A
cinchonims
quinidine quinine
A
diabetes insipidus
lithium democycline
A
parkinson like
halperidol, chlorpromazine, reserpine, metoclopramide, mptp
A
seizures
bupropion, imipenem/cilastin inh
A
tardive dyskinesia
antipsychotics
A
disulfiram like
metronidazole, cephalosporins, procarbazine, first generation
sulfonylureas
A
nephrotox/neurotox
polymyxins
A
neprhotox ototox
aminoglycosides vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin
A
acetomenophen
antidote n acetylcystein
A
salicylate
antidote NaHCO3 (alkalinaize urine) , dialysis
A
amphetamines
antidote NH4 cl acitify urine
A
anticholinesterases, organophosphates
antidote atropine or pralidoxime
A
antimuscarine or anticholinergeic
antidote physostigmine salycylate
A
beta blockers
antidote glucagon
A
digitalis
antidot, normalize k, lidocaine , anti dig fab, mg2
A
iron
antidot deferoxamine
A
lead
antidote caEDTA dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
A
mercury, arsenic gold
dimercaprol, succimer
A
arsenic
see mees lines in posoning
A
copper arsinic gold
anditode penicillamine
A
cyanide
antidote nitrate, hydroxyobalmin, thiosulfate
A
methmeglobin
antidote, methylene blue , vit c
A
carbon monoxide
antidote 100% o2 or hyperbaric o2
A
methanol, ethylene glycol
antidote, ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole
A
opoids
antidote naloxone naltrexone
A
benzos
antidote flumenazil
A
tcas
antitode naHCO3 serum alkalinzation
A
heparin
antidote protamine
A
warfarin
antidoet vitamin k fresh frozen plasma
A
tpa, streptokinase
antidote aminocaproic acid
A
theophylline
antidote beta blocker
A
alpha 1
gq
A
alpha 2
gi
A
beta 1
gs
A
beta 1
gs
A
M1
gq
A
m2
gi
A
m3
gq
A
d1
gs
A
d2
gi
A
h1
gq
A
h2
gs
A
v1
gq
A
v2
gs
A
a1 a2 b1 b2 m1 m2 m3 d1 d2 h1h2 v1 v2
qiss qiq siq sqs
A
a1 gq
increase vasc cmooth muscle contraction, pupilary dilatro
contraction (mydriasis) baroreceptor reflex
A
a2 gi
decrease symp outflow decrease insulin release
A
b1 gs
increase heart rate increase contractility increase renin release
increase lipolysis
A
b2 gs
vasodilation bronchodilation increase heart rate increase
contractility increase lipolysis increase glucagon release
DECREASE uterine tone
A
m1 gq
cns enteric nervous system
A
m2 gi
decrease heart rate and contractility of atria
A
m3 gq
increase exocrine gland secretions increase gut peristalsis, increase
bladder contraction sweat, bronchoconstriction, increase
pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis, ciliary muscle
contraction (accomidation)
A
d1 gs
relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
A
d2 gi
moduclates transmitter rlease esp in brain
A
h1 q
increase nasal and bronchial mucus production, contraction of
bronchioles, pruritis and pain
A
h2 s
increase gastric acid secretion
A
v1q
increase vascular smooth muscle contraction
A
v2 s
hwo permability and reabsorption in collecting tubes of kidney
A
hemicholinium
blocks uptake of choline
A
reserpine
blocks dopamine packaging into vessicles
A
guanetidine
prevents norepi rlease
A
bethanechol
cholinomimetci resistant to chilinesterase
A
bethanechol
use for post op ileus and urinary retention
A
carbachol
use in glaucoma, pupillary contraction release of intraocular
pressure
A
pilocarpine
use in glaucoma emergency
A
pilocarbine
potent stimulator of sweat tears and saliva
A
pilocarpine
contract ciliary muscle of eye, pupillary sphincter, narro
A
pilocarpine
use in both open and closed angle glaucoma
A
methacholine
challenge test for asthma
A
succinylcholine
nicotinic agonist, facilitates intubation and skeletal muscle
relaxant
A
neostigmine
ache inhibitor, no cns penetratoin
A
pyridostigmine
ache inhibitor
A
pyridostigmine
no cns penetration, use for MG
A
edrophonium
compettive ache inhib, diagnose for MG, short acting
A
Physostigmine
long acting penetrates CNS, atropine antidote
A
echothipate
ache inhib use in glaucoma
A
pralidoxime
chamical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase
A
atropine
muscarinic antagonist pupil dilation, cycloplegia
A
homatropine
musc antag
A
tropicamide
musc antag
A
Benzotropine
cns musc antag, use in parkinsons
A
benzotropine
reduces parkinsonian tremor
A
scopalamine
cns musc antag, use for motion sickness
A
irpatropium
musc antag, use in asthma, copd
A
oxybutynin, glycopyrolate
musc antag, reduce urinary urgency and bladder spasms
A
methscopalmin, pirenzipine, propantheline
musc antag, use in peptic ulcer (m1 and m3
A
atropine
can cause acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly, urinary
retention in men with prostatic hyperplasia, hyperthermia in
infants
A
hexamethonium
nicotinic angagonist, prevents vagal reflex response, prevents
reflex bradycardia
A
hexamethonium
used to help smokers quit
A
epinephrine
low dose selective for b1
A
nor epi
a1, a2 >b1
A
isoproternerol
b1=b2
A
dopamine
d1=d2>b>a inotropic and chronotopic
A
dopamine
use in shock to increase renal perfusion
A
dobutamine
b1>b2 inotropic but not chornotopic
A
dobutamine
increases contractility and cardiac conduction velocity
A
phenylephrine
a1>a2
A
phenylephrine
use for pupillary dilation, vasal constriction, nasal decongestion
A
albuterol
b2>b1 use for acute asthma
A
terbutamine
b2>b1 use to reduce premature uterine contractions
A
ritrodrine
b2 use in premature uterine contractions
A
amphetamines
release stored catecholamines
A
ephedrine
release stored catecholamines, use in nasal decongestion,
intontinence, hypotension
A
clonidine
central a2 agonist decreases adrenergic, use in hypertension
A
alpha methyldopa
central a2 agonist decrease central adrenergic outflow
A
selective b2 agonists
metaprotenerol, albuterol, salmetrol, terbutaline
A
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible a blocker
A
phentolamine
reversible a blocker
A
parazosin, terazosi, doxazosin
a1 selective blockers
A
parazosin, terazosi, doxazosin
1st dose orthostatic hypotension
A
mirazapine
a2 selective use in depression w insomnia
A
mirtazapine
causes sedation, increases serum cholesetrol increases appetite
A
beta blockers
decrease av conduction velocity use in afib and aflutter
A
betablockers
decrease secretion of aq humor (use timolol)
A
beta blockers
cause impotence, bradycaria sedation sleep alterations
A
beta blockers
can't feel effect of hypoglycemia
A
betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metorpolol
beta 1 seletive
A
esmolol
short acting
A
metoprolol
causes dislipidemia
A
carvedilol lebetelol
nonseletive a and b antagonists
A
pindolol, acebutol
partial b agonists
A
cyclosproine
blocks differentiation and activation of t cells, inhibits
calcinueron
A
cyclosprine
prevetns production fo il 2 and its receptor
A
tacrolimus
binds to fk binding protein, inhibtis SECRETION of IL2
A
cyclosproine and tacrolimus
nephrotoxic
A
tacrolimus
causes hyperglycemia peripheral neuropathy, hypertenion and
pleural effusion
A
azathipruine
antimetabolite, toxic to proliferating lymphosityes
A
azathiburine
metabolized by xanthine oxidase, toxic effects increased by
allopurinol
A
muronomab
antibody to cd3 on surface o f tcells, blocks cd3 signal
transduction
A
sirolimus
binds mtor inhibits tcell proliferation in response to il2
A
sirolimus
causes hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
A
muromonab
causes cytokine release syndrome, hsn reaction
A
myclophenolate mofetil
blocks denovo guanine synthesis
A
daclizumab
anti cd 25, high affinity for IL 2 receptor
A
aldesleukin
il 2 use in renal cell carcinoma metastatic melanoma
A
epo
use in anemia
A
filgastrim
use in recovery of bone marrow
A
sagramostim
use in recovery of bone marrow
A
alpha interferon
use in hep b c kaposi leukemia, malig melanoma
A
b interferon
use in ms
A
gamma ifn
use in chronic granulomatous disease
A
oprelvekin
il 11 use in thrombocytopenia
A
amantadine
blocks viral penetration and uncoating (m2
A
amatnatine
use in influenza a
A
zanamivir, oseltaivir
neuramidanse inhibs, prevents release of progeny virus
A
Ribavarin
rsv, hep c w interferon
A
ribavarin
inhibits GTP synth, competively inhibts IMP dehydrogenase
A
ribavarin
causes hemolytic anemia and severe birth defects
A
acyclovir, famciclovir
monophos by herpes thymidine kinase, is guanosine analog, causes
chain termination
A
famciclovir
for herpes zoster only
A
ganciclovir
formed by viral kinase or thymidine kinase, triphosphate
formed by cellurlar kinase
A
ganciclovir
causes leukopenia, neutropenia, thromocytopenia, renal tox
A
foscarnet
viral dna polym inhibitor,
A
foscarnet
does not require activation by viral kinase
A
foscarnet
use in cmv retinits
A
foscarnet
ca and mg wasting, it chelates calcium
A
Saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir nelfinavir amprenavir
Protease inhibitors
A
protease inhibitors (navir)
block gag and pol cleavage
A
indinavir
causes thrombocytopenia
A
protease inhibitors (navir)
cause hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy
A
adidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine
abacavir
nrtis
A
lamivudine
good for HBV
A
Nevirapine, efavirenz, delvaridine
NNRTI
A
NNRTI (efavirenz)
do not require phosphyrlation to become active
A
enfuvirtide
blocks gp41
A
raltegravir
hiv integrase
A
maraviroc
binds ccr receptor, prevents hiv binding
A
sulfonamides inh cimetidine ketoconazole erythromycin
grapefurit
cause kernicterus
A
aminoglycosides
cause baby ototox
A
fluroquinolones
cause bone and cartilage damge in babies
A
ertytrhomycin
cause acute cholestatic hepatits in mom
A
metronidazole
causes mutagensis in babies
A
tetracyclines
discolored teath inhibit bone growth in pabies
A
griseofulvin
teratogenic
A
ribavarin
teratonogenic
A
chloramphenicol
aplastic anemia in babies, gray baby
A