PesticidePesticideApplication Application EquipmentEquipment

Page 78Page 78General General ManualManual

To Enhance Safety and Benefits and To Enhance Safety and Benefits and to Get the Most From Any Sprayer:to Get the Most From Any Sprayer:

Select the right equipment.Select the right equipment. Set it up correctly.Set it up correctly. Use proper operation procedures.Use proper operation procedures. Perform proper maintenance.Perform proper maintenance.

Reference MaterialsReference Materials

The pesticide labelThe pesticide label

Spray equipmentSpray equipment

BLM and Extension guidelinesBLM and Extension guidelines

All Sprayers Should Be:All Sprayers Should Be:

DurableDurable Convenient to fillConvenient to fill Convenient to operateConvenient to operate Easy to cleanEasy to clean

Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer:Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer:

Distribution & MeteringDistribution & Metering– Determine the volume or weight that Determine the volume or weight that

application equipment will apply to a application equipment will apply to a known area under a given set of known area under a given set of conditions.conditions.

Storage and transportStorage and transportCALIBRATIONCALIBRATION

Types of Spray EquipmentTypes of Spray EquipmentHand sprayerHand sprayer

Knapsack (LOK)Knapsack (LOK)

Battery poweredBattery powered

Low pressure hydraulicLow pressure hydraulic

High pressureHigh pressure

ULVULV

Chemigation or injectionChemigation or injection

TanksTanks FiberglassFiberglass Stainless steelStainless steel Galvanized steelGalvanized steel AluminumAluminum PolyethylenePolyethylene

Lock Opening

Agitation Device

Large Drain

Large Openings

Strainer For Filling

AgitationAgitation

12 GPM for Boom12 GPM for Boom50 GPM for agitation50 GPM for agitation62 GPM total pump requirement62 GPM total pump requirement

Agitation RequirementAgitation Requirement5% of tank volume5% of tank volume

(5 gallons for each 100 gallons)(5 gallons for each 100 gallons)

1000 gallon tank1000 gallon tank

Pump - 50 GPM just for Pump - 50 GPM just for agitationagitation

AgitationAgitation

StrainersStrainers Tank openingTank opening

– Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh) Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh)

In-line (40-50 mesh)In-line (40-50 mesh)

Nozzle screen (50 - 100 mesh)Nozzle screen (50 - 100 mesh)

Pumps Must ProvidePumps Must Provide Gallons per minute (GPM) required by Gallons per minute (GPM) required by

all nozzlesall nozzles

Tank agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume)Tank agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume)

Twenty percent (20%) reserve for wearTwenty percent (20%) reserve for wear

Pump TypesPump Types RollerRoller CentrifugalCentrifugal GearGear TurbineTurbine DiaphragmDiaphragm PistonPiston

Positive Displacement

Roller PumpRoller Pump General PurposeGeneral Purpose Wide rangeWide range

OutputOutput PressuresPressures

HerbicidesHerbicides Rollers can wearRollers can wear

Positive Displacement

PistonPiston High PressureHigh Pressure Volume depends on RPMsVolume depends on RPMs

InsecticidesInsecticides Dry FormulationsDry Formulations

Part can wearPart can wear

Positive Displacement

DiaphragmDiaphragm High PressureHigh Pressure High VolumeHigh Volume

InsecticidesInsecticides HerbicidesHerbicides

Dry FormulationsDry Formulations Part can wearPart can wear

Non-positive Displacement Continuous FlowContinuous Flow High RPM’sHigh RPM’s Low PressuresLow Pressures DurableDurable Easy to MaintainEasy to Maintain Dry FormulationsDry Formulations

==

Desired GPA x Boom Width x MPHDesired GPA x Boom Width x MPH495495

For Boom Flow only For Boom Flow only

Add 5 GPM for every 100 Add 5 GPM for every 100 gallons of tank – page 78gallons of tank – page 78

Pump requirement Pump requirement (GPM)(GPM)

Example

30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH495495

= 12 GPM= 12 GPM

PressurePressure Least desirable to adjust GPALeast desirable to adjust GPA 4 x pressure to double GPA4 x pressure to double GPA 20 GPA at 30 psi20 GPA at 30 psi 40 GPA at 120 psi40 GPA at 120 psi

Least desirable to adjust GPALeast desirable to adjust GPA 4 x pressure to double GPA4 x pressure to double GPA 20 GPA at 30 psi20 GPA at 30 psi 40 GPA at 120 psi40 GPA at 120 psi

Small droplets = Small droplets = DRIFTDRIFT

• Minor tweeks!

Find New Pressure (psi)page 82

New Pressure = 140 psi

New Pressure = 140 psi

35 psi X40 GPA20 GPA

235 X 2 2 35 X 4

HosesHoses

Flexible (non-collapsible if suction hose)Flexible (non-collapsible if suction hose) DurableDurable Resistant (sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion, Resistant (sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion,

twisting)twisting) Sufficient Pressure RatingSufficient Pressure Rating Correct sizeCorrect size

Guide for determining hose size.General Manual Page 88

Pump Output(gals/min.)

Suction Hose

Discharge Hose

 (inside diameter in

inches)Under 12

GPM3/4 5/8

12-25 GPM 1 3/4

25-50 GPM 1 1/4 1

50-100 GPM 1 1/2 1 1/4

GPA – Gallons per Acre (GPA)GPA – Gallons per Acre (GPA)– Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad

nauseumnauseum GPM – Gallons per Minute (GPM)GPM – Gallons per Minute (GPM)

– Nozzles and pump outputNozzles and pump output Diluent – dilutes formulation at applicatoinDiluent – dilutes formulation at applicatoin Carrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufactureCarrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufacture

Comparison of Micron Sizes(approximate)

• 2000 m - #2 Pencil lead• 850 m - paper clip• 420 m – staple• 300 m - toothbrush bristle• 150 m - sewing thread• 100 m - human hair

Pesticides Droplet Description Desired Droplet Size (microns)

Very Fine < 119 Insecticides Fungicides Fine 119 - 216

Medium 217 - 353 Herbicides: Pre- and Post emergent Coarse 354 - 464 Soil application of Herbicides

Very Coarse > 464

What’s a good GPA?What’s a good GPA?

Very Fine to Fine Droplet = Low Volume (GPA)

Medium to Coarse Medium to Coarse DropletsDroplets

Very Coarse = High VolumeVery Coarse = High Volume

Read them labels!!Read them labels!!

Three Functions of a NozzleThree Functions of a Nozzle

Metering - GPAMetering - GPA Atomization – Liquid to dropsAtomization – Liquid to drops Pattern dispersalPattern dispersal

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE

Nozzle materials– Stainless steel, brass

and plastic are the most common.

– Stainless steel is probably the best choice

Nozzles: Wear vs CostNozzles: Wear vs Cost

NozzleType

Life inHours

Cost perHour

Brass 100 $0.013

Nylon 400 $0.003

SS 500 $0.008

HSS 1500 $0.001

Ceramic 2000 $0.0005

VOLUME OF PESTICIDE SOLUTION APPLIED DEPENDS

UPON:

NOZZLE TIPS PRESSURE SPEED NOZZLE SPACING

TeeJet nozzle tip examples

NOZZLE TIP DESIGNATIONS

SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. HSS8002E HSS 80 02 E HSS = HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL 80 = 80 DEGREE SPRAY ANGLE 02 = 0.2 GALLON PER MINUTE AT 40

PSI E = EVEN FLAT FAN PATTERN FOR

BAND APPLICATION

Nozzle Coding- Spraying Systems

XR means eXtended Range

80 means 80o pattern 03 means 0.30 GPM

at 40 psi VS means Stainless

Steel withVisiFlo color coding

SS = Stainless Steel VP = Polymer, etc

Atomization (Droplet Size) is Atomization (Droplet Size) is Dependent On:Dependent On:

Nozzle type and orifice sizeNozzle type and orifice size

Pressure Pressure – higher pressure = small drops – higher pressure = small drops

Liquid characteristicsLiquid characteristics

Nozzle TypesNozzle TypesFlat fan - regularFlat fan - regular

Flat fan - extended rangeFlat fan - extended range

Twin flat fan - good forTwin flat fan - good fordense foliagedense foliage

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE

Nozzle Orientation

Nozzle typesNozzle typesEven flat fan - band applicationsEven flat fan - band applications

Flooding flat fanFlooding flat fan

Hollow coneHollow cone

Full coneFull cone

Flood JetFlood Jet

MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE

NOZZLES– Nozzle types

Flat fan is best for broadcast application of herbicides

Flat fan Even fan

BOOM BUSTERSPRAY NOZZLES THAT WORK WITHOUT BOOMS

FEATURESFEATURES– All nozzles machined from All nozzles machined from

solid stainless steel. All solid stainless steel. All have replaceable industrial have replaceable industrial grade nylon diffusers. grade nylon diffusers. (Tests have shown that this (Tests have shown that this nylon will outlast stainless nylon will outlast stainless steel.)steel.)

Roadside Spray Boom

Boom Buster (con’t)

– Extra wide spray pattern.Extra wide spray pattern. – Excellent pattern and distribution.Excellent pattern and distribution. – All models spray chemicals and fertilizers.All models spray chemicals and fertilizers. – All nozzles have standard pipe threads.All nozzles have standard pipe threads.

Boom Buster (con’t)

USESUSES– Row Crops, Grain and PasturesRow Crops, Grain and Pastures – State and County Right-of-WaysState and County Right-of-Ways – Orchards and VineyardsOrchards and Vineyards – Forestry and Utility Right-of-WaysForestry and Utility Right-of-Ways – Lawn and TurfLawn and Turf – Roads, Hedge Rows and Fence RowsRoads, Hedge Rows and Fence Rows

Rule of Thumb

An 8004 nozzle will deliver 40 gpa when used at 3 mph with 40 psi.

Likewise an 8002 will deliver 20 gpa under the same conditions.

An 8001 will deliver 10 gpa.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT NOZZLE SIZE

GPM = GPA x MPH x Nozzle spacing in inches

5940 GPM = Gallons per minute per nozzle

GPA = Gallons per acre

MPH = Miles per hour

EXAMPLE

GPA = 30 MPH = 4 Nozzle spacing = 20

GPM = 30 GPA x 4 MPH x 20 in 5940

GPM = 0.40

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT

NOZZLES– Best for large changes in output

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT

Pressure– Only feasible within a limited pressure range– Pressure must be increased by a factor of 4

in order to double the flow

– 10 GPA at 20 PSI– 20 GPA at 80 PSI

HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT

SPEED– Only feasible within a limited range of

speeds– Double ground speed will decrease output by

50%– 1/2 ground speed will increase output by

50%

Ground Speed – Page 100Ground Speed – Page 100• Linear relationshipLinear relationship

Verifying SpeedVerifying SpeedPage 95Page 95

Make a test strip to verify MPHMake a test strip to verify MPH• Feet x 60 .Feet x 60 .

Seconds x 88*Seconds x 88*• Feet per second x 0.682Feet per second x 0.682

* At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet* At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet

Speed 2 Speed 2

Test Strip Distance = 200 feetTest Strip Distance = 200 feet Seconds to travel strip = 27 secondsSeconds to travel strip = 27 seconds

Test Strip Distance = 200 feetTest Strip Distance = 200 feet Seconds to travel strip = 27 secondsSeconds to travel strip = 27 seconds

(200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 =

5 MPH5 MPH

So What!So What!

Speed Effects on GPASpeed Effects on GPACurrent GPA x Present MPH = New GPA

New GPA

Page 100 for example

20 GPA x 3 MPH = 60 = 6 MPH 10 GPA 10

ROW Manual – Pg 15

New GPA = New GPA = Current GPA x Current MPHCurrent GPA x Current MPH New MPH New MPH

25 GPA x 5 MPH 25 GPA x 5 MPH = = 125125 = 17.8 or 18 GPA = 17.8 or 18 GPA 7 MPH 7 7 MPH 7