Pesticide Application Equipment Page 78 General Manual.
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Transcript of Pesticide Application Equipment Page 78 General Manual.
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PesticidePesticideApplication Application EquipmentEquipment
Page 78Page 78General General ManualManual
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To Enhance Safety and Benefits and To Enhance Safety and Benefits and to Get the Most From Any Sprayer:to Get the Most From Any Sprayer:
Select the right equipment.Select the right equipment. Set it up correctly.Set it up correctly. Use proper operation procedures.Use proper operation procedures. Perform proper maintenance.Perform proper maintenance.
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Reference MaterialsReference Materials
The pesticide labelThe pesticide label
Spray equipmentSpray equipment
BLM and Extension guidelinesBLM and Extension guidelines
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All Sprayers Should Be:All Sprayers Should Be:
DurableDurable Convenient to fillConvenient to fill Convenient to operateConvenient to operate Easy to cleanEasy to clean
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Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer:Three Basic Functions of a Sprayer:
Distribution & MeteringDistribution & Metering– Determine the volume or weight that Determine the volume or weight that
application equipment will apply to a application equipment will apply to a known area under a given set of known area under a given set of conditions.conditions.
Storage and transportStorage and transportCALIBRATIONCALIBRATION
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Types of Spray EquipmentTypes of Spray EquipmentHand sprayerHand sprayer
Knapsack (LOK)Knapsack (LOK)
Battery poweredBattery powered
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Low pressure hydraulicLow pressure hydraulic
High pressureHigh pressure
ULVULV
Chemigation or injectionChemigation or injection
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TanksTanks FiberglassFiberglass Stainless steelStainless steel Galvanized steelGalvanized steel AluminumAluminum PolyethylenePolyethylene
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Lock Opening
Agitation Device
Large Drain
Large Openings
Strainer For Filling
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AgitationAgitation
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12 GPM for Boom12 GPM for Boom50 GPM for agitation50 GPM for agitation62 GPM total pump requirement62 GPM total pump requirement
Agitation RequirementAgitation Requirement5% of tank volume5% of tank volume
(5 gallons for each 100 gallons)(5 gallons for each 100 gallons)
1000 gallon tank1000 gallon tank
Pump - 50 GPM just for Pump - 50 GPM just for agitationagitation
AgitationAgitation
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StrainersStrainers Tank openingTank opening
– Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh) Basket Strainer (16-80 mesh)
In-line (40-50 mesh)In-line (40-50 mesh)
Nozzle screen (50 - 100 mesh)Nozzle screen (50 - 100 mesh)
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Pumps Must ProvidePumps Must Provide Gallons per minute (GPM) required by Gallons per minute (GPM) required by
all nozzlesall nozzles
Tank agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume)Tank agitation (5 - 6 % of tank volume)
Twenty percent (20%) reserve for wearTwenty percent (20%) reserve for wear
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Pump TypesPump Types RollerRoller CentrifugalCentrifugal GearGear TurbineTurbine DiaphragmDiaphragm PistonPiston
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Positive Displacement
Roller PumpRoller Pump General PurposeGeneral Purpose Wide rangeWide range
OutputOutput PressuresPressures
HerbicidesHerbicides Rollers can wearRollers can wear
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Positive Displacement
PistonPiston High PressureHigh Pressure Volume depends on RPMsVolume depends on RPMs
InsecticidesInsecticides Dry FormulationsDry Formulations
Part can wearPart can wear
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Positive Displacement
DiaphragmDiaphragm High PressureHigh Pressure High VolumeHigh Volume
InsecticidesInsecticides HerbicidesHerbicides
Dry FormulationsDry Formulations Part can wearPart can wear
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Non-positive Displacement Continuous FlowContinuous Flow High RPM’sHigh RPM’s Low PressuresLow Pressures DurableDurable Easy to MaintainEasy to Maintain Dry FormulationsDry Formulations
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==
Desired GPA x Boom Width x MPHDesired GPA x Boom Width x MPH495495
For Boom Flow only For Boom Flow only
Add 5 GPM for every 100 Add 5 GPM for every 100 gallons of tank – page 78gallons of tank – page 78
Pump requirement Pump requirement (GPM)(GPM)
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Example
30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH30 GPA x 40 feet x 5 MPH495495
= 12 GPM= 12 GPM
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PressurePressure Least desirable to adjust GPALeast desirable to adjust GPA 4 x pressure to double GPA4 x pressure to double GPA 20 GPA at 30 psi20 GPA at 30 psi 40 GPA at 120 psi40 GPA at 120 psi
Least desirable to adjust GPALeast desirable to adjust GPA 4 x pressure to double GPA4 x pressure to double GPA 20 GPA at 30 psi20 GPA at 30 psi 40 GPA at 120 psi40 GPA at 120 psi
Small droplets = Small droplets = DRIFTDRIFT
• Minor tweeks!
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Find New Pressure (psi)page 82
New Pressure = 140 psi
New Pressure = 140 psi
35 psi X40 GPA20 GPA
235 X 2 2 35 X 4
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HosesHoses
Flexible (non-collapsible if suction hose)Flexible (non-collapsible if suction hose) DurableDurable Resistant (sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion, Resistant (sunlight, oil, chemicals, abrasion,
twisting)twisting) Sufficient Pressure RatingSufficient Pressure Rating Correct sizeCorrect size
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Guide for determining hose size.General Manual Page 88
Pump Output(gals/min.)
Suction Hose
Discharge Hose
(inside diameter in
inches)Under 12
GPM3/4 5/8
12-25 GPM 1 3/4
25-50 GPM 1 1/4 1
50-100 GPM 1 1/2 1 1/4
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GPA – Gallons per Acre (GPA)GPA – Gallons per Acre (GPA)– Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad Total sprayer output, delivery rate, volume applied…ad
nauseumnauseum GPM – Gallons per Minute (GPM)GPM – Gallons per Minute (GPM)
– Nozzles and pump outputNozzles and pump output Diluent – dilutes formulation at applicatoinDiluent – dilutes formulation at applicatoin Carrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufactureCarrier – dilutes active ingredient at manufacture
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Comparison of Micron Sizes(approximate)
• 2000 m - #2 Pencil lead• 850 m - paper clip• 420 m – staple• 300 m - toothbrush bristle• 150 m - sewing thread• 100 m - human hair
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Pesticides Droplet Description Desired Droplet Size (microns)
Very Fine < 119 Insecticides Fungicides Fine 119 - 216
Medium 217 - 353 Herbicides: Pre- and Post emergent Coarse 354 - 464 Soil application of Herbicides
Very Coarse > 464
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What’s a good GPA?What’s a good GPA?
Very Fine to Fine Droplet = Low Volume (GPA)
Medium to Coarse Medium to Coarse DropletsDroplets
Very Coarse = High VolumeVery Coarse = High Volume
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Read them labels!!Read them labels!!
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Three Functions of a NozzleThree Functions of a Nozzle
Metering - GPAMetering - GPA Atomization – Liquid to dropsAtomization – Liquid to drops Pattern dispersalPattern dispersal
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MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE
Nozzle materials– Stainless steel, brass
and plastic are the most common.
– Stainless steel is probably the best choice
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Nozzles: Wear vs CostNozzles: Wear vs Cost
NozzleType
Life inHours
Cost perHour
Brass 100 $0.013
Nylon 400 $0.003
SS 500 $0.008
HSS 1500 $0.001
Ceramic 2000 $0.0005
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VOLUME OF PESTICIDE SOLUTION APPLIED DEPENDS
UPON:
NOZZLE TIPS PRESSURE SPEED NOZZLE SPACING
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TeeJet nozzle tip examples
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NOZZLE TIP DESIGNATIONS
SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. HSS8002E HSS 80 02 E HSS = HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL 80 = 80 DEGREE SPRAY ANGLE 02 = 0.2 GALLON PER MINUTE AT 40
PSI E = EVEN FLAT FAN PATTERN FOR
BAND APPLICATION
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Nozzle Coding- Spraying Systems
XR means eXtended Range
80 means 80o pattern 03 means 0.30 GPM
at 40 psi VS means Stainless
Steel withVisiFlo color coding
SS = Stainless Steel VP = Polymer, etc
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Atomization (Droplet Size) is Atomization (Droplet Size) is Dependent On:Dependent On:
Nozzle type and orifice sizeNozzle type and orifice size
Pressure Pressure – higher pressure = small drops – higher pressure = small drops
Liquid characteristicsLiquid characteristics
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Nozzle TypesNozzle TypesFlat fan - regularFlat fan - regular
Flat fan - extended rangeFlat fan - extended range
Twin flat fan - good forTwin flat fan - good fordense foliagedense foliage
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MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE
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Nozzle Orientation
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Nozzle typesNozzle typesEven flat fan - band applicationsEven flat fan - band applications
Flooding flat fanFlooding flat fan
Hollow coneHollow cone
Full coneFull cone
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Flood JetFlood Jet
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MAXIMIZING SPRAYER PERFORMANCE
NOZZLES– Nozzle types
Flat fan is best for broadcast application of herbicides
Flat fan Even fan
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BOOM BUSTERSPRAY NOZZLES THAT WORK WITHOUT BOOMS
FEATURESFEATURES– All nozzles machined from All nozzles machined from
solid stainless steel. All solid stainless steel. All have replaceable industrial have replaceable industrial grade nylon diffusers. grade nylon diffusers. (Tests have shown that this (Tests have shown that this nylon will outlast stainless nylon will outlast stainless steel.)steel.)
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Roadside Spray Boom
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Boom Buster (con’t)
– Extra wide spray pattern.Extra wide spray pattern. – Excellent pattern and distribution.Excellent pattern and distribution. – All models spray chemicals and fertilizers.All models spray chemicals and fertilizers. – All nozzles have standard pipe threads.All nozzles have standard pipe threads.
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Boom Buster (con’t)
USESUSES– Row Crops, Grain and PasturesRow Crops, Grain and Pastures – State and County Right-of-WaysState and County Right-of-Ways – Orchards and VineyardsOrchards and Vineyards – Forestry and Utility Right-of-WaysForestry and Utility Right-of-Ways – Lawn and TurfLawn and Turf – Roads, Hedge Rows and Fence RowsRoads, Hedge Rows and Fence Rows
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Rule of Thumb
An 8004 nozzle will deliver 40 gpa when used at 3 mph with 40 psi.
Likewise an 8002 will deliver 20 gpa under the same conditions.
An 8001 will deliver 10 gpa.
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT NOZZLE SIZE
GPM = GPA x MPH x Nozzle spacing in inches
5940 GPM = Gallons per minute per nozzle
GPA = Gallons per acre
MPH = Miles per hour
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EXAMPLE
GPA = 30 MPH = 4 Nozzle spacing = 20
GPM = 30 GPA x 4 MPH x 20 in 5940
GPM = 0.40
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HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT
NOZZLES– Best for large changes in output
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HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT
Pressure– Only feasible within a limited pressure range– Pressure must be increased by a factor of 4
in order to double the flow
– 10 GPA at 20 PSI– 20 GPA at 80 PSI
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HOW TO CHANGE SPRAYER OUTPUT
SPEED– Only feasible within a limited range of
speeds– Double ground speed will decrease output by
50%– 1/2 ground speed will increase output by
50%
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Ground Speed – Page 100Ground Speed – Page 100• Linear relationshipLinear relationship
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Verifying SpeedVerifying SpeedPage 95Page 95
Make a test strip to verify MPHMake a test strip to verify MPH• Feet x 60 .Feet x 60 .
Seconds x 88*Seconds x 88*• Feet per second x 0.682Feet per second x 0.682
* At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet* At 1 MPH, it takes 1 minute to travel 88 feet
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Speed 2 Speed 2
Test Strip Distance = 200 feetTest Strip Distance = 200 feet Seconds to travel strip = 27 secondsSeconds to travel strip = 27 seconds
Test Strip Distance = 200 feetTest Strip Distance = 200 feet Seconds to travel strip = 27 secondsSeconds to travel strip = 27 seconds
(200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 = (200 / 27 seconds) x 0.682 =
5 MPH5 MPH
So What!So What!
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Speed Effects on GPASpeed Effects on GPACurrent GPA x Present MPH = New GPA
New GPA
Page 100 for example
20 GPA x 3 MPH = 60 = 6 MPH 10 GPA 10
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ROW Manual – Pg 15
New GPA = New GPA = Current GPA x Current MPHCurrent GPA x Current MPH New MPH New MPH
25 GPA x 5 MPH 25 GPA x 5 MPH = = 125125 = 17.8 or 18 GPA = 17.8 or 18 GPA 7 MPH 7 7 MPH 7
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