Post on 08-Feb-2019
Perspectivas de Emprego Operacional de
Sistemas de Aeronaves Não Tripuladas
AFCEA ETP SAPR
15OUT13, Sintra
Objective
To provide a clear view of the Portuguese Air Force’s strategic vision for the operational use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the near future.
Key drivers
• World’s second largest oceanic FIR/SRR
• Territorial distribution (archipelagos, EEZ)
• Portuguese-speaking communities (CPLP)
• Other alliances and organizations (NATO/EU)
• Institutional posture of the PtAF: to serve the country – a leader and a provider of air power and other public missions
3DC – Base concepts
•Dull
•Dirty
•Dangerous
•Cheap
To complement conventional /
manned systems
To make full use of autonomous
technologies (AI)
To develop modular, versatile,
deployable capabilities
To operate in an integrated
manner - wide system architecture
Challenges
• Operational doctrine vs technology – Solutions before problems
– Autonomous execution and decision-making
• Airspace integration/segregation – IFR/VFR paradigm
– Effort on Sense & Avoid
• Industrialization and certification – Industry/Armed Forces roles and relationship
• Personnel and funds – Both are always scarce
Dual scope, dual route
Scope Civilian and Military
Military
Build-up Development
(short/medium term)
Acquisition
(medium/long term)
Platform Class II UAV
Class III UAV
Missions •Tactical ISR
•Close Maritime Surveillance
•Other public missions
•Stategic ISR/ISTAR
•Extended Maritime Surveillance
•Combined/joint ops
UAS Classes/Levels
AUW Altitude Range Examples
Class I
Micro < 2 kg 200’ 5 km Black Widow
Mini 2-20 kg 3.000’ 25 km Scan Eagle
Small 20-150 kg 5.000’ 50 km Luna
Class II Tactical 150-600 kg 10.000’ 200 km Shadow 200, Hermes 90
Class III
MALE > 600 kg 45.000’ unlimited Heron TP, Predator A
HALE > 600 kg 65.000’ unlimited Global Hawk
Strike/Combat > 600 kg 65.000’ unlimited Reaper
AUW Altitude Speed
Level 0 < 2 lbs (< 1 kg) < 1.200’
< 250 kts Level 1 2-20 lbs (1-10 kg) < 3.000’
Level 2 20-1320 lbs (10-600 kg)
< 18.000’ Level 3 1320-12.500 lbs (600-6.000 kg)
Level 4 < 12.500 lbs (< 6.000 kg) > 250 kts
Level 5 > 12.500 lbs (> 6.000 kg) > 18.000’ any
Operational employment Class II
• Tactical ISR
• Close maritime surveillance
• Other public missions
Search and Rescue
Forward Air Control
Special Operations
Battle Damage Assessment
Economic Exclusive Zone
High-value infrastructure surveillance
Fishing activities control
Natural catastrofes
Forest fire detection
Maritime situational awareness
Maritime pollution
Scientific research
Security Operations
Operational employment Class III
• Strategic ISR/ISTAR
• Extended maritime surveillance
• Combined/joint operations
Search and Rescue
United Nations Organisation
CPLP
Signal Intelligence
Continental Platform Extension
European Union
NATO Joint Ops
ISTAR
Maritime situational awareness
ISR
Strategic space of temporary national interest
Strategic space of permanent national interest
Operational Requirements UAS Classe II (to develop)
UAS Classe III (to acquire)
Cruise speed > 60 kts > 90 kts
Operating altitude 5.000’ - 15.000’ 10.000’ – 35.000’
Endurance 9 hours 30 hours
Control Link Range 90 nm
ELOS (radio) Unlimited
BLOS (satellite)
Permanent payload (priority 1)
Navigation/comms RT link EO visible/IR medium resolution
Secure nav/comms RT link EO visible/IR high resolution
Configurable payload (priority 2)
Short range synthetic aperture radar AIS receiver
Long range synthetic aperture radar AIS receiver
Laser designator/rangefinder
Desirable payload (priority 3)
Laser designator/rangefinder Multi-range radio TX/RX/relay
SIGINT/ELINT equipment
Future provisions (priority 4)
Transportable and operatable by conventional aircraft
Guided precision weaponry Stealth capability
Weather envelope 25 kts wind, 15 kts cross-wind, light precipitation,
turbulence and icing conditions 35 kts wind, 20 kts cross-wind, moderate precipitation, turbulence and icing conditions
Conclusion
UAS Class II
Develop
C
I
A
F
A
UAS Class III
Acquire
L
P
M
Extended Maritime Surveillance
Combined/Joint Operations
Close Maritime Surveillance
Other public missions
CA Explore
Tactical ISR
Employ
U A O
Strategic ISR/ISTAR
Employ
U A O
DISSEMINATE