Periodic Table - Chemical Families

Families on the Periodic TableFamilies on the Periodic Table•Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties.•Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.•Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

HydrogenHydrogenHydrogen:

Atom: H Ion: [H]+

* Oils + Hydrogen Fats* Metal + Acid Hydrogen

- popping test

Alkali Base

• Very reactive in water

• Forms a basic solution

• One valence electronAtom: Na Ion: [Na]+ Ne

• Soft

• Low melting point

• Made through electrolysis– NaCl(l) + electricity 2Na + Cl2

Group 1 – Alkali MetalsGroup 1 – Alkali Metals

Group 1 - Alkali MetalsGroup 1 - Alkali Metals•Flame Test

•Na yellow•K violet•Li red

Complete Questions #6.1-6.5 on p. 205

Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

• Make basic solutions in water• Higher melting pt. than group 1• Harder than group 1• 2 valence electrons

•Atom: Ca•Ion: [Ca]2+

Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Flame Test:Ca orange redSr intense redBa yellow-green

Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Hard Water:• Ca2+ or Mg2+

• reacts with soap to make scum• reacts with Na2CO3 – washing soda to

make precipitateCa2+ + CO3

2- CaCO3(s)

Complete Questions#6.6-6.9 on p. 211

Group 13 - AluminumGroup 13 - Aluminum•Malleable

•Ductile

•Less dense than iron

•Conducts heat and electricity

•Makes an oxide coating for protection

Group 14 - CarbonGroup 14 - CarbonNonmetal C - organic

Semimetal Si, Ge

Metal Sn, Pb

CarbonPhotosynthesis: CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Combustion: CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2OCO2 = greenhouse gas

*read 2nd paragraph on p. 213

Group 14 - AllotropesGroup 14 - AllotropesAllotropes:

• Same element but different structures

• Carbon graphite, diamonds, fullerene

• Each have different chemical + physical properties

Group 14 - SiliconGroup 14 - SiliconSilicon

• SiC – silicon carbide – very hard – network solid

• 2nd most abundant element on earth

Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen

• Nitrogen Fixation: making usable nitrogen compounds

Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen

• Making Ammonia NH3 Haber Process

Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen

Allotropes

– Phosporous

White Red Violet Black

Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen

Oxygen

– 20% of air

– Allotrope O2 vs O3 (ozone)

Sulfur

– Yellow

– Allotrope: rhombic, monoclinic, amorphous

– S8

– Acid rain

• Burning things with sulfur dioxide

SO2 + H2O H2SO4

Group 16 - OxygenGroup 16 - Oxygen

• Highly reactive

• 7 valence electrons

Atom: Ion:

Group 17 - HalogensGroup 17 - Halogens

• Inert

• Stable octet

• Monatomic (He) vs Diatomic (H2, O2, N2, Cl2, F2, Br2, I2)

• As you go down group, more attraction, higher Boiling Point

Group 18 – Noble GasesGroup 18 – Noble Gases

Complete Questions #6.14-6.17 on p. 231

Review Video