Post on 01-Apr-2015
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Performance of Bubbler Irrigation System as Compared to
Drip for Large Size Date Palm Tree Farm
Ahmed I. Al-Amoud
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Water Resources
Traditional Water Resources: Non-Renewable Groundwater: 500 cubic Km
Renewable Groundwater: 950 million cubic meter
Surface Water: 2400 million cubic meter
Non-Traditional Resources:Desalination Water: 1billion cubic meter/year
Treated Wastewater: 500 million cubic meter/year
Drainage Water: 143 million cubic meter/year
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Water for Different Sectors
Agriculture88.3%
Industrial2.7%
Municipal 9.0%
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
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Water Resources for Agriculture
groundwater 85%
surfacewater 15%
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Total Cultivated Area
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
AR
EA
(H
a)
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
YEAR
Cultivated Area
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Agriculture Water Demand
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Co
ns
um
ed
Wa
ter,
M. C
ub
ic M
ete
r
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Years
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Groundwater decline in different region of Kingdom (1993-2003)
-100
10203040506070
Tab
uk-A
lean
ete
Jaw
f-S
kaka
Al-K
harj-
Naj
jan
Al-F
alaj
-1
Al-K
harj-
Als
haba
Qas
sim
-Bur
eida
h
Al-A
hsa-
1
Tab
uk-A
l-wad
i
Hai
l-Alc
alan
ih
Qas
sim
-Shr
i
Al-S
olai
l
Al-A
hsa-
2
Wad
i al-D
awas
ir
Al-F
alaj
-2
Ahs
a-3
Riy
adh-
Sal
bukh
Riy
adh-
bouy
b
Well location
De
clin
e
(m)
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Irrigation Systems In The Kingdom
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Irrigation system Distribution
Traditional32%
Sprinkler60%
Drip8%
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Percentage Areas Irrigation by Different Systems
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
Year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
(%
)
Traditional Sprinkler Drip
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Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
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Drip Irrigation Development
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Nu
mb
er
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Date Palm Trees
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Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Importance and Production International Production*
Country Area Harvested (Ha) Production (Mt)
United States 140,000 1,100,000
Saudi Arabia 150,000 995,000
Iran 170,000 880,000
United Arab Emirates 95,000 760,000
Egypt 29,000 750,000
Pakistan 75,000 650,000
Algeria 100,000 450,000
Sudan 18,200 330,000
Oman 30,000 240,000
Libya 26,000 140,000
world 6,700,000
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
National Date Palm Expansion
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Tot
al A
gric
. Are
a (H
a)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
To
tal D
ate
Tre
e A
rea
(H
a)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
National Date Palm Expansion
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
Dat
e P
rodu
ctio
n (t
on)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
National Date Palm Expansion
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
Tot
al N
umbe
r of
Dat
es
1996 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
National Date Palm Expansion
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Date Palm Study
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Objectives
Study the following:– Evaluate Existing Bubbler Irrigation
Performance.– Compare Performance of Bubbler by
Drip Irrigation System.
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Methods and Materials
Location : Gassim
Latitude : 26° 45' N
Longitude : 43° 45' E
Altitude : 649 m
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Farm:Number of Trees: 200,000
Farm Area: 5466 Ha
Number of wells: 26
Average Discharge: 1000 GPM
Tree Spacing: 10 m x 10 m
Pump Power: 440 hp
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
– Soil : Sandy Clay Loam soil– Variety : Sukkary cultiver– Tree age : 12 years– No. of trees : 6000 (3 block, 3
plots, 3 replicates)
– Water regime : 100% of class A pan evaporation
Soil, Plant, & Design
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Background
- Annual water requirement :80 m3
- Method of Irrigation :Bubbler- Average irrigation interval :1-2 days
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Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Pressure CompensatedLine 4
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Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Irrigation System Layout
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
Emitter Layout
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
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Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
RESULTS Water distribution through bubblers in various tree lines.
Plot Line Qave (l/min) Cv Eu (%)
1 13.38 0.34 61.4 5 14.98 0.29 65.6
5
10 14.45 0.28 64.1 1 10.74 0.27 65.7 5 9.23 0.39 55.5
15
9 10.66 0.33 61.1
Water distribution through drippers in various tree lines.
Plot Line Qave (l/min) Cv Eu (%) 1 27.83 0.028 96.2 5 27.16 0.024 96.6
5
10 26.94 0.020 97.3 1 27.12 0.034 94.7 5 27.02 0.017 97.6
15
9 26.33 0.018 97.5
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
02468
101214161820
0 5 10 15 20 25
Tree number
Q l
/min
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Tree number
Q l
/hr
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jun Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Wat
er r
equ
ried
(L
/day
)
Water requrid
Water add
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008
CONCLUSIONS Bubbler system show poor performance with
55% to 65% emission uniformity. As a result of low uniformity trees at 1st quarter
were over irrigated while trees at last quarter were under irrigated.
Drip lines have shown uniform distribution of an average emission uniformity of 97%.
Design of drip irrigation system for large trees like date palms proves to be more efficient.
20 July, 1999
Seasonal Water Use of Date Palm
16 July 2008