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Performance and Impact of Canadian Research in Astronomy & Astrophysics A Bibliometric Analysis [1998–2009]
Performance and Impact of Canadian Research in Astronomy & Astrophysics A Bibliometric Analysis [1998–2009] Date: November 30, 2010 Authors: Guillaume Roberge, M.Sc.
David Campbell, M.Sc.
Grégoire Coté, B.Sc.
Submitted to: Corporate Policy and Strategy NRC Strategy and Development Branch National Research Council Canada (NRC) By:
Science-Metrix Inc. 1335 Mont-Royal E. Montréal Québec Canada H2J 1Y6 1.514.495.6505 1.800.299.8061 info@science-metrix.com www.science-metrix.com
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ents
ive Summarynts .............s ..............
s ...............Introduction .Astronomy & 2.1 Global 2.2 Benchm
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8
2.3 Scienti
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Conclusion ..dix A – Suppldix B – Methodix C – List of
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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marking of leNumber oNumber oScientific oSpecializaAverage oAverage oMulticriterScientome
fic collaborat
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ollaborators ofian organizat
................ementary Tab
ods ............f astronomy &
n ics
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................s research in ronomy & astading countrif papers .......f papers per output of couation index ....of relative citaof relative impia analysis ....etric positionation of leading
of Canada inorganizationsf Canada ......tions ..............
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1 Trendsastrono
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1998–26 Sciento
subfield7 Nationa
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astrophXIII Papers
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act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
in the numbeomy & astrophometric positio2009 ............. in the nationahysics, 1998–oration networtional collabor2009 .............ometric positiods for Canadaal collaboratiohysics researcoration networhysics researc
g of leading chysics, 1998–g of leading ctrophysics, 19g of leading ced number of erships, 2009 g of leading chysics, 1998–g of leading comy & astrophg of leading comy & astrophiteria ranking oer of papers, Sfic performanc2009 .............s, ARC, ARIF aa, 1998–2009fic performanc2009 .............al and internathysics, 1998–s, ARC, ARIF azations in astro
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er of Canadianhysics, 1998–onal analysis o.....................al and internat2009 .............rk of countriesration network.....................onal analysis oa, 1998–2009on network of tch, 1998–2009rk of the 30 lech, 1998–2009
countries acco2009 .............
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ording to their .....................
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number of pa.....................number of pa.....................
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98–2009 ........
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9 1,537
1 1,301
5 838
4 705
3 739
31,148
01-03
production The US leadrs published
rs). In fact, tfollow far b
aly (5th), Japantop 10 with (12th), Chilete stable oveable exceptio2009 period.
o 8th place in 6th place, haviwn).
ntries acco1998–2009
WoS
arly product8 to only 80%ollowing yearesearch is th
Rank Sco
1 16,0
2 5,6
3 5,2
4 4,1
5 3,6
7 2,2
6 2,2
8 2,0
10 1,8
11 1,7
9 1,7
12 1,5
13 1,0
15 1,0
14 8
33,8
3
of the 15 leads in terms od over the 1the US ranksbehind with, n (6th), Russia
6,708 paper(13th), Switz
er the 12–yeon to this tre China starte the most reing increased
ording to t9
tion in 2001% in 2009. C
ar. An indicathe fact that it
ore Rank
035 1
681 2
227 3
110 4
686 5
235 6
219 7
065 8
808 9
782 10
708 11
592 12
061 13
021 14
843 15
841
04-06
ading countrof scientific 12-year perios 1st in each respectively,
a (7th), Spain rs. The last zerland (14th
ear period, wend is China, ed in 12th placecent 3-year d its producti
their numb
1, going froCanada did tation of the stt ranks 5th be
Score Ra
17,667
6,467
6,310
5,064
4,143
2,835
2,522
2,663
2,654
2,270
1,814
1,738
1,205
1,214
1,205
37,409
07-09
A Bibliometric
ries in astronproduction,
od in astronof the four
21,153 and (8th) and Chitier of this
h) and Indiawith most co
which increace in the 199period. In te
ion from 298
ber of pap
om a yearly ake back a ptrength of Cehind China
nk Score
1 61,038
2 21,153
3 19,753
4 15,592
5 13,523
6 9,076
9 8,831
7 8,001
8 6,863
10 6,708
11 6,364
12 5,811
14 3,558
13 3,489
14 3,444
129,872
Tot
Analysis
4
nomy & having
nomy & r 3–year
19,753 ina (9th) top 15
a (15th). ountries ased its 8–2000
erms of 8 papers
pers in
output position anada’s (235%),
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
tal
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Chile (90% incountrcountr
2.2.2
Table capita.first pincreaspapersscores rankedpapers(9th). Opapers
Table
Source:
Countfor cocatego
Countr
Switzer
Netherla
United
Australi
France
German
Italy
Chile
Canada
United S
Spain
Japan
Russia
China
India
World
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
(220%), Switzn 2009 compries grew frories in the nea
Number o
II presents th. Switzerland
period and dsing from 25s/106 inh for
of 32.0 and d 9th. It has s/106 inh. in Overall, theres/106 inh.) an
II Rankin as
: Calcu
tries with veryuntries haviry, the only e
ry
rland
ands
Kingdom
ia
ny
a
States
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
zerland (161pared to 19m 1998 to 2ar future.
f papers pe
he performad ranked 1st idrastically im
5.3 papers/1r 1998–2009)
29.1. Canadgreatly impr1998–2000 (e is a separa
nd the US in 1
king of leadstronomy an
lated by Scienc
y large popuing such bigexception bei
Score Ran
25.3
27.0
22.7
20.9
15.9
15.1
14.4
10.1 1
13.7
15.1
12.1 1
5.1 1
4.2 1
0.2 1
0.2 1
1.5
98-00
n ics
%) and India98. In addit
2009, therefo
er capita
nce of the ton all periods
mproved its p106 inh. in 1). The Nethe
da achieved aroved its per9th) and endiation of less10th (17.2 pap
ding countriend astrophy
ce–Metrix using
ulations are gg populationing the US, w
nk Score
2 31.9
1 31.2
3 27.6
4 22.2
5 18.5
6 18.2
8 18.4
11 18.0
9 14.6
6 16.5
10 14.4
12 5.4
13 5.1
14 0.4
14 0.2
1.7
01-03
a (105%), wittion, the gapore reducing
op 15 countrs with respecperformance 1998–2000 toerlands and ta score of 17.rformance siing with an os than 3.3 ppers/106 inh.)
es accordinysics, 1998–
WoS
gathered at thns to producwhich ranked
Rank Sco
1 4
2 3
3 3
4 2
5 2
7 2
6 2
8 2
10 1
9 1
11 1
12
13
14
15
03
th its yearly p that separthe risk of b
ries based onct to this ind
over the yeo 53.4 paperthe UK rank.5 papers/106
ince 1998, stoutput of 22papers/106 in
for the last p
ng to their n–2009
he end of thice enough p
d 10th overall w
ore Rank
45.5 1
34.0 2
31.1 3
26.2 4
21.5 6
21.1 7
21.1 7
22.1 5
8.3 9
7.8 10
5.7 11
5.8 12
5.2 13
0.5 14
0.3 15
1.7
04-06
production hrates Canadabeing overtak
n their scientdicator with tears, with itsrs/106 inh. i
ked 2nd and 36 inh. for thetarting with .8 papers/10
nh. between period.
number of p
is ranking, aspapers to pewith a score
Score Ra
53.4
35.6
34.7
27.6
26.0
25.5
23.8
24.4
22.8
19.1
19.4
7.4
6.0
0.7
0.4
1.9
07-09
A Bibliometric
having increaa from the lken by one o
tific productthe exceptions output perin 2007–2003rd respectivee overall peri
an output 6 inh. in 200France in 5
papers per
s it is really derform well 17.2 papers/
ank Score
1 39.2
2 32.0
3 29.1
4 24.3
5 20.5
6 20.0
8 19.4
7 18.8
9 17.5
11 17.2
10 15.6
12 6.0
13 5.1
14 0.4
15 0.3
1.7
Tot
Analysis
5
ased by ast tier
of these
tion per n of the r capita 9 (39.2
ely with iod and of 13.7 7–2009
5th (20.5
capita
difficult in this
106 inh.
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
tal
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Count(14th) atriplin
2.2.3
Table relative2009. commGerma1.4. Ovabove than ex
Table
Note:
Source:
Countr
Switze
Chile
United
Germa
Nether
Canada
Spain
Austra
Russia
Italy
France
India
China
United
Japan
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
tries taking tand India (15
ng its number
Scientific
III presents e to the size Switzerland unity. Chile
any in 4th withverall, seven 1.0, Australiaxpected.
III Rankratio base
This infor prebetweindicaregresanalysThe p
: Calcu
ry
rland
Kingdom
ny
lands
a
lia
a
e
States
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
he last positi5th), with Chir of papers pe
output of c
the performof their scienranked 1st wranked 2nd wh a ratio of 1countries ama performed
king of leadof their obs
ed on their IA
ndicator could oevious years. Theen the numbertors (i.e., numb
ssion models. Tsis using reduceredicted (or explated by Scienc
IAU memb
5
5
2
2
3
2
3
5
6
2
4
2,5
5
n ics
ions for the ina greatly imer capita.
ountries re
mance of the ntific workfowith 3.2 timewith a ratio of
. The Nethermong the top
as expected
ding countrserved numAU membe
only be calculathe expected nur of papers and ber of papers anTherefore, the aed major axis (Rpected) values wce–Metrix using
bers Observe
76
87
523
529
205
245
304
259
367
568
696
220
459
576
597
1998–2009 pmproving its
lative to sc
top 15 cource as estima
es as many pf 2.6. The UKrlands and Cp 15 performwith a score
ies in astromber of paperships, 200
ted for 2009 sinumber of papers
the number of nd IAU memberpproach used c
RMA) to estimatwere obtained WoS
d no. of pape
4
4
2,2
2,2
64
7
9
6
8
1,4
1,7
4
9
6,1
9
period were Jperformance
cientific wo
untries basedated using thpapers as expK was 3rd withCanada are onmed better th
of 1.0 and s
onomy & aspers to their09
nce the numbers is obtained usIAU members.
rs) are log transconsisted in pete the constantusing this mode
ers Expected
51
25
99
33
44
98
88
31
50
38
94
12
98
63
90
Japan (12th), e from 1998
rkforce
d on their scheir number opected from h a ratio of 1n a par in 5th
han expected even countri
strophysics expected n
rs of IAU membsing the power Power law rela
sformed, can beerforming a log-ts (a and k) of thel (p-value < 0.
d no. of paper
140
165
1,459
1,479
468
58
755
62
949
1,612
2,063
510
1,245
10,103
1,713
A Bibliometric
Russia (13th)to 2009, mo
cientific prodof IAU membthe size of .6, slightly ahplace with a in 2009 with
ies performed
according number of p
bers were not alaw relationship
ationships, whee analysed usin-log linear regrehe regression m0001; R2 = 0.8
rs Ratio
0 3.2
5 2.6
9 1.6
9 1.5
8 1.4
1 1.4
5 1.3
1 1.0
9 0.9
2 0.9
3 0.9
0 0.8
5 0.8
3 0.6
3 0.6
Analysis
6
, China ore than
duction bers for its IAU head of ratio of h ratios d worse
to the papers
available p
en both ng linear ession model. 88).
Rk
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
9
9
12
12
14
14
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
2.2.4
The spresearc1, a cou
Table interesresearcin termastronobservSI of special2.74 bovertakNether
Table
Source:
Count
Chile
Italy
Russia
France
Nether
United
Spain
Germa
Austra
Switze
United
Canad
India
Japan
China
World
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
Specializa
pecialization ch area relativuntry is spec
IV provides sting to notech as they ocm of SI withomy & astro
vatories in Ch2.43 for thelized in astroetween the fking it in thrlands in 5th w
IV Rankastro
: Calcu
try S
a
e
rlands
d Kingdom
any
alia
erland
d States
da
d
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
ation index
index (SI) is ve to the inteialized in the
the SI for that Europecupied sevenh an overall
ophysics. Thihile. Italy wase 1998–2009 onomy & astfirst and last he last periodwith 1.95, an
king of leadonomy & as
lated by Scienc
Score Rank
7.03 1
2.25 2
1.89 4
1.66 6
1.91 3
1.57 7
1.87 5
1.54 8
1.53 9
1.09 11
1.36 10
1.03 13
1.09 11
0.76 14
0.75 15
1.00
98-00
n ics
an indicator ensity of resee particular fi
the top 15 ean countriesn out the top
score of 8.6s is in great s the second
period. It wtrophysics reperiods, wit
d. After a sid the UK and
ding countrstrophysics,
ce–Metrix using
Score Ra
9.25
2.39
2.28
1.81
1.97
1.79
1.86
1.68
1.46
1.27
1.39
1.00
0.99
0.73
0.73
1.00
01-03
of the intensearch within ield relative t
countries ins are leading eight positio69, meaningpart attributmost special
was followedesearch (SI=2th Russia tyinzeable gap, Fd Spain tied i
ries accord1998–2009
WoS
nk Score
1 9.75
2 2.49
3 2.49
6 2.10
4 1.99
7 1.99
5 1.84
8 1.91
9 1.60
11 1.64
10 1.48
12 1.13
13 0.93
14 0.80
14 0.58
1.00
04-0
sity of researthe same are
to the world;
n astronomyg in terms of ons. Howeve
g that the cotable to the lized country
d closely by 2.35). In factng Italy for France came in with.1.89.
ding to thei9
Rank Sco
1 8.
2 2.
2 2.
4 2.
5 1.
5 2.
8 1.
7 2.
10 1.
9 1.
11 1.
12 1.
13 0.
14 1.
15 0.
1.
06 0
rch of a counea in the worlif the SI is be
y & astrophySI in astrono
er, Chile was ountry is hepresence of y amongst thRussia, whic
t, Russia’s SIsecond place in 4th with
r specializa
ore Rank
38 1
54 3
74 2
44 4
94 8
16 6
96 7
22 5
47 11
77 9
60 10
30 12
98 14
10 13
60 15
00
07-09
A Bibliometric
ntry within a ld. If the SI ielow 1, it is n
ysics researchomy & astrothe leading c
eavily specialmajor intern
he 15 leaders,ch was also I went from e in 2004–20a score of 2.
ation index
Score Ran
8.69
2.43
2.35
2.02
1.95
1.89
1.89
1.86
1.51
1.47 1
1.47 1
1.13 1
0.99 1
0.85 1
0.63 1
1.00
Total
Analysis
7
specific is above
not.
h. It is physics country lized in national , with a heavily 1.89 to
006 and .02, the
(SI) in
nk
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
10
10
12
13
14
15
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Canadbut toCanad1.30 (1since m
There leadersits SI othe othFinallydecreaproduc
2.2.5
The ARthe scisubfielsubfielastropworld astrop
Canadsecondfirst twrangedrelative2007–2
The U1.29, acountr(13th, A
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
da was also spo a lesser extda greatly imp12th) in the lasmost of them
were only ths: India (SI=0over the 12-yeher hand, Iny, even if Chased from 0.ction is incre
Average o
RC is an indiientific literald of science lds. For thishysics researlevel. Table
hysics resear
da ranks highd only to Swiwo periods, dd from 4th (19ely stable ov2009 and a p
US ranks 3rd inand is followries scored loARC=0.69), In
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
pecialized in ent than theproved its SIst period. Ho
m have also in
ree countries0.99, 13th), Japear period an
ndia’s SI decrhina greatly i
75 (15th) to easing more r
of relative c
icator of scieature relative
to take intos report, a srch are cited m
V presents ch over the 1
h with respecttzerland, whi
during which998–2000) to
ver that timeeak performa
n this categowed by Chile ower than thendia (14th, AR
n ics
astronomy &e top countrI over the peowever, Canacreased their
s that were nopan (SI=0.85
nd was speciareased over tincreased its
0.60 (15th). rapidly than i
citations (AR
ntific impactto the world
o account difscore above more often, othe trends 998–2009 pe
t to scientificich has an AR
h it respectiveo 1st (2001–2, with a stillance of 1.57 i
ory with an o(5th with a sce world avera
RC=0.58) and
& astrophysiries mentioneeriod, going fda is still lag
r SI over the 1
ot specialized5, 14th) and Calized in the mthe 12-year p
production This is du
its productio
RC)
t, as it indicad’s average. Tfferences in t
1 indicates on average, tin the ARC
eriod.
c impact. WitRC score of 1ely ranked 5th
003) over thl-noticeable iin 2001–2003
overall ARC core of 1.27) age for the 12
d Russia (15th,
ics research,ed above. It from 1.03 (1
gging behind 12-year perio
d in astronomChina (SI=0.6most recent tperiod, going
between 19ue to the facon in astrono
ates how ofteThis indicatothe citation p
that a couthan astronom of the top
th a score of 1.47 in the fieh and 6th. Cane 12-year perincrease from3.
of 1.31. Germ and the UK2–year period, ARC=0.57).
with an overis also inter
13th) in the 19leading coun
od.
my & astroph3, 15th). Japan
three-year perg from 1.09 98–2000 andct that Chin
omy & astrop
en a country’sor of citednepractices of suntry’s papermy & astrop
15 countrie
f 1.41 for the eld and ranksnada’s rankinriod. Canada
m 1.29 in 19
many ranks K (6th with a sd: Spain (12th
A Bibliometric
rall SI of 1.13resting to no998–2000 pentries in term
hysics amongn actually inriod (SI of 1.(11th) to 0.98d 2007–2009na’s total schysics resear
s papers are cess is normalscholars in drs in astronhysics paperes in astron
12-year perios first for all ng for this ina’s performan998–2000 to
4th, with an Ascore of 1.25h, ARC=0.96)
Analysis
8
3 (12th), ote that eriod to
ms of SI,
g the 15 ncreased
10). On 8 (14th). 9, its SI cientific ch.
cited in lized by ifferent omy & s at the
nomy &
od, it is but the
ndicator nce was 1.41 in
ARC of 5). Four , China
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Table
Source:
It is inand amsomewtaking
2.2.6
The ARwhich editorsabove ARIF f
Canadastropevery 3Austrastable with S
Count
Switze
Canad
United
Germa
Chile
United
Austra
Nether
France
Italy
Japan
Spain
China
India
Russia
World
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
V Rank(ARC
: Calcu
teresting to nmong these, what stable. Ig back 2nd plac
Average o
RIF indicatesits papers a
s can be and1 means a c
for the top 15
da leads for thhysics, with t
3-year periodalia and the Uacross the di
Switzerland, J
try S
erland
da
d States
any
d Kingdom
alia
rlands
e
a
d
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
king of leadC) in astrono
lated by Scienc
note that somGermany con fact, Germce in the last
of relative im
s the quality are published, therefore, t
country’s sco5 countries in
he quality of the highest As. With an ov
US, with respifferent perioJapan and Au
Score Rank
1.25 5
1.29 4
1.33 3
1.18 7
1.65 1
1.21 6
1.42 2
1.15 8
1.08 10
1.10 9
0.89 11
0.89 11
0.57 13
0.49 15
0.54 14
1.00
98-00
n ics
ding countromy & astro
ce–Metrix using
me countries ould overtake
many manageperiod.
mpact facto
of a countryd: the greaterhe greater thre is higher
n astronomy
the journalsARIF amongsverall ARIF o
pective scoresods, ranging fustralia for t
Score Ra
1.26
1.57
1.35
1.24
1.36
1.23
1.29
1.28
1.11
1.08
1.11
0.89
0.60
0.54
0.52
1.00
01-03
ies accordiophysics, 19
WoS
have increase Canada in d to overtake
ors (ARIF)
y’s research br the impact
he quality of than the wo& astrophysi
in which it pst the 15 lead
of 1.11, Canas of 1.09 (2nd)from 1.09 to he last perio
nk Score
6 1.62
1 1.36
3 1.27
7 1.37
2 1.09
8 1.27
4 1.08
5 1.24
9 1.18
11 1.11
9 1.08
12 1.03
13 0.78
14 0.67
15 0.61
1.00
04-0
ng to their 998–2009
ed greatly ththe coming e Canada for
based on the t factor of a the publishe
orld average.ics research o
publishes its ding countrie
ada achieves a) and 1.08 (31.14. Howev
od and Japan
Rank Sco
1 1.
3 1.
4 1.
2 1.
9 1.
4 1.
10 1.
6 1.
7 1.
8 1.
10 1.
12 1.
13 0.
14 0.
15 0.
1.
06 0
average of
heir ARC overyears if Can
r the 2004–2
impact factojournal, the
ed papers. InTable VI pre
over the 1998
research papes for the 12-a score slight3rd). Canada’s ver, Canada hn and Switzer
ore Rank
70 1
41 2
27 6
38 3
15 11
32 4
22 8
26 7
30 5
17 9
17 9
07 12
81 13
58 15
65 14
00
07-09
A Bibliometric
f relative cit
r the 12–year nada’s ARC r006 period, C
or of the joure more selectn both cases, esents the tre8–2009 period
pers in astron-year period tly higher tha
score was rehad to share 1rland rankin
Score Ran
1.47
1.41
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.24
1.24
1.15
1.11 1
1.05 1
0.96 1
0.69 1
0.58 1
0.57 1
1.00
Total
Analysis
9
tations
period, remains Canada
rnals in tive the a score
ends in d.
nomy & and for an both elatively 1st place gs have
nk
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
movedunchan
Overalfor thethe woperformscore o
Table
Source:
2.2.7
This sastronindicatcountrproducare thperform
Count
Canad
Austra
United
Switze
Chile
Japan
United
Nether
France
Italy
Germa
Spain
China
India
Russia
World
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
d upwards singed.
ll, four counte 1998–2009 orld average iming worse tof 0.89. Russi
VI Rankfacto
: Calcu
Multicrite
section preseomy & astrotors presenteries is obtainction, papers
hen ranked amances of th
try S
da
alia
d States
erland
d Kingdom
rlands
e
any
a
d
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
nce 1998 an
tries amongsperiod—nam
in terms of Athan the woria ranks last,
king of leadors (ARIF) in
lated by Scienc
ria analysis
ents a multiophysics. Tabed previouslyned by coms per capita, Saccording to
he countries b
Score Rank
1.12 1
1.09 3
1.08 4
1.00 9
1.11 2
1.01 7
1.05 5
1.01 7
1.03 6
1.00 10
0.99 11
0.97 12
0.84 14
0.91 13
0.73 15
1.00
98-00
n ics
nd could pos
t the 15 leadmely Spain, CARC. Spain isrld, with an Awith an ARIF
ding countrn astronomy
ce–Metrix using
s
icriteria analble XI (see Ay for the 12-yputing theirSI, ARC and o this averagbased on the
Score Ra
1.14
1.08
1.08
1.03
1.08
1.04
1.06
1.03
1.01
1.01
0.99
0.97
0.89
0.85
0.74
1.00
01-03
ssibly pull ah
ding countrieChina, India as near the woARIF of 0.92F of 0.74.
ries accordy & astrophy
WoS
lysis of the ppendix A) s
year period onr average ranARIF), each ige score. Th
e volume (abs
nk Score
1 1.11
2 1.08
2 1.10
7 1.08
2 1.05
6 1.04
5 1.03
7 1.07
9 1.02
9 1.00
11 1.00
12 0.98
13 0.92
14 0.89
15 0.71
1.00
04-0
head of Cana
s have an ARand Russia. Torld level wit (13th), and I
ding to theirysics, 1998
performancsynthesizes tnly. In the mnk across alindicator hav
his analysis solute and re
Rank Sco
1 1.
3 1.
2 1.
3 1.
6 1.
7 1.
8 1.
5 1.
9 1.
10 1.
10 1.
12 1.
13 0.
14 0.
15 0.
1.
06 0
ada in the fu
RIF lower thaThese countrth a score of ndia follows
r average o–2009
ces of the tothe findings
multicriteria all five indicaving the samgives a glob
elative to a co
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09 1
09 1
07 5
09 1
04 6
09 1
02 8
01 10
03 7
01 10
02 8
00 12
98 13
89 14
77 15
00
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future if tren
an the world ries were also0.98 (12th). C in 14th place
of relative i
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me weight. Cobal portrait ountry’s pop
Score Ran
1.11
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1.06
1.06
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1.04
1.03
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Analysis
10
nds stay
average o below China is e with a
impact
tries in the five score of cientific ountries
of the ulation
nk
1
2
3
4
5
6
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15
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Table
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Source:
Canadoverallplace Nether
Rank
1
2
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4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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specializationmeters.
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5th for the 19and India. T
ugh most couions. Switzer
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VII Mult1998
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: Calcu
da consistentll for the 12–for the 199rlands, Italy
98-00
United Kingdom
United States
Netherlands
Australia
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France
Italy
Germany
Canada
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India
China
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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the trends inriod and ties a downward
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uld be noted thngs are not worllated by Scienc
ly ranks amo–year period. 98–2000 peri
and Austral
m United
United
Chile
Nether
Austra
France
Italy (6
Canad
Germa
Switze
Spain
Japan
Russia
China
India
n ics
d quantity o
n the multicrfor 1st place trend and thar with Chile
riod, ahead ofcountries occnot experiencd in 10th for d its performnt drop, goine overall, wents general im
from 15th to ther leading c
nking of 15
at these rankinld rankings as tce–Metrix using
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01-03
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he country one and Switzerf Italy (6th). Acupy the last ce major flucthe 1998-200
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tific product
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At the end of five position
ctuations in 00 period anfrom 8th to 2to 9th over t
or the 1998–2t regarding aver, China ha
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d within the selke into account
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om Unite
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Spain
Russ
China
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tion, all of w
15 countries1–2003 perioin the last pein all the oth
f the list are Jans for all the
their rankinnd reached 22nd place. Authe 12-year p2000 period tall indicatoras begun to
astronomy
lected set of cothe remaining
ophysics reseang over the y
in 2007–20or its scientif
07-09
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which are imp
s. The US ranod. However, eriod. The UKher periods. Capan, Spain, periods cons
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close the ga
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ountries (i.e., thecountries).
arch, with a 5years, startin009, overtakific impact (2
Tota
United State
United Kingd
Switzerland
Chile (2)
Canada
Italy
Germany
France
Australia
Netherlands
Japan
Spain
Russia
China
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Analysis
11
portant
nks first the US
K ranks Canada Russia,
sidered. re some the last
he other e, while e 2007–SI, only ap that
hysics,
ese
5th place g in 9th ing the 2nd) and
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Scientome
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act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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09 (the only a ranks 5th beof one rank o
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sis, as presenes in astronovalues centerl space. For terage, while athe top right
lagging are account of
rent countrieon, in which
with a similarnal to the scie
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le volume of ders in astronia ranking arita. While Caother top con
SI was remowo positions w
improve its hysics researce to the worldmaintaining
performancesormed by repthe size of the scientific ouyear for whiehind Germaover Canada’
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es. A countryh case its over positioningentific outpu
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s of countriesplacing the neir scientific utput of couch data on Iany and the s ranking usi
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rant (not spepublished w
p right quadtion might n
r production.
an be concluearch. The oxtent, its totaronomy & ascupies the 12ria analysis, C
he US (1st) an& astrophysintific producnoted that it and/or scient
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ay to look at g-transformer the positiono means thatore is lower thn and high levecialized and
when interprerant might hnot be as in. The size of
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th place with Canada wou
nd Switzerlancs by increasction (i.e., scis often challtific quality.
hysics, an addpita by the sce only for the
ze of their scilable). Undewitzerland (3
the performed forms of thning of countt the score ishan the worlvel of impactd low impaceting the reshave a low l
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12
anada is holding f papers esearch, respect
uld then nd (2nd). sing the cientific lenging
ditional cientific e 2007–cientific er these 3rd) and
mance of he ARC tries on s higher ld level. t), while t). It is spective level of that of
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s in astrono
ming well anin scientific ie smallest scndicators preI, the leadersand Germanyerfectly overlarall, all of the
Chile
1 1.2
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13
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d those impact. cientific esented appear y scores ap. The e top 10
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Scientific c
ection providhysics researXII (see Ann
ries. The intech are geneorates the moerland (86.1%81% to 72%: G10th). All of th–year period.
national scalen at least ttively 51.8%
a national couite stable ov
s rule are Japanational colla1998, oscillature 3 for anational collab
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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collaborat
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fic collaboratibilateral col
ernational coding countriepective natio0%. It is followth internatioth), France (7t
d their internUS (12th) and
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Netherlands (ration rates r8th), the UK (9aboration rat).
ult of a partnand 3rd plac
and China ran rates of coountries. Excgnificantly inas been ratheperiod as prein the nation
Analysis
14
sitional
omy & e to the tput in
nomy & untries. top 15 physics . Chile (87.9%), ranging 9th) and tes over
nership ce, with anks 4th, ountries eptions
ncreased r stable esented nal and
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are thinternaOn theRussiadeterm
1 Data accomp
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2
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a (1.9%). Givmined by its A
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0%
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20%
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50%
60%
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1998 199
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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ven the high ARC and ARI
s internationaook.
99 2000
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national anastrophysicce–Metrix using
published fro’s main intellaborations.
y (8.0%), Franastronomy & has fewer coll
impact andF scores, Can
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2001 2002
boration rate
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nce (7.5%) aastrophysics
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2003 20
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boration rat
78.2%) were cs the US, whdescending oa (4.4%). The among the .8%) and Swi
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2006 2007
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tes of Cana
co–authored which accoun
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leaders in thitzerland (1.6
by Switzerlwith this coun
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7 2008 2
Analysis
15
ada in
with an nted for ortance, ’s main
his field. 6%) and and, as ntry.
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2009
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Figurefigure astronthe netintegrahaving
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e 5 presents asplayed (i.e., aS, which is fol
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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70 countries i
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in astronomyrnational sci1 countries (
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Analysis
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. This
ayed in well US and
ve links tner is
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ween country pairs. L
physics researn international collabLinks are only displa
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17
d, and the width at least a
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work of Canadthe total number ofcollaborations betw
da in astronomf papers authored in
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my & astrophyn international collabLinks are only displa
18
ysics researchboration by the couayed when country
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al physics is hysics field. hysics field, f astronomy &
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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the number o
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subfields
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dian performo the astronn the astronwever, unlike
Analysis
19
e of 20 termine ents the analysis,
bfields,
impact, age. The trailing ance in
nomy & nomy & e in the
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20
omy & n which
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21
on their igure 6,
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nts Canada’s physics reseaost internatioumber of co-
borators of
ides informato their prod
h which Canre presented
ier, Canada he with the tners of Cat collaborate anada’s 20 toon, the Univrganizations,
wever, Canadare National dauthored papian Center foc impact, witions are amoon scientific
n the world ca
n ics
leading o
top collaborarch. In orderonally, a list oauthored pap
Canada
ation on Cauction, scienada collaborin Table IX.
has a high inUS. Conse
anadian orgathe most w
op partners versity of Wa with 15%
a’s main collde la Rechercpers, followeor Astrophysh ARC and A
ong the top 2c production an also be co
organizati
ators (Sectior to identify wof world instpers) was pro
nada’s top cntific impact rates the mo
nternational quently, USanizations. T
with Canada are American
ashington anof their paaborator, ba
che Scientifiqd by the Cali
sics and JohnARIF scores b20 organizati
(See Table Xnsulted in An
ions in as
on 4.1) and towith whom Ctitutions withoduced (Secti
collaboratorsand internat
ost internatio
collaborationS organizatiTable IX liin the field
n organizationd Durham Uapers being ased on the aque (CNRS) (ifornia Instit
ns Hopkins Uboth above thions in astro
XIII in Annexnnex A (Figu
stronomy
op organizatiCanadian asth which Canaion 4.1).
s in astronotional collaboonally, based
n rate, and aions should ists the top
d of astronoons. In perceUniversity coco-authored
absolute num(682 co-authtute of TechnUniversity. Alhe world levenomy and as
x A: a networkure 8)).
A Bibliometric
&
ions (Sectiontronomy reseada collabora
omy & astroorations. Thed on number
a large part onormally
p 20 internmy & astrop
entage of theollaborate th
d with a Camber of co-au
ored papers)nology (CALTll five organiel. Overall, 14strophysics rk between th
Analysis
22
n 4.2) in earchers ates the
physics e top 20 r of co-
of these be the
national physics. eir total he most anadian uthored . NASA TECH), izations 4 out of research hese top
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Rank Orga
1 Unive
2 Durha
3 Unive
4 Unive
5 Princ
6 Johns
7 Unive
8 Unive
9 Natio
10 US D
11 NASA
12 Unive
13 Unive
14 CALT
15 Unive
16 ESO-
17 Harva
18 CNRS
19 Obse
20 NASA
21 Istitut
pact of Canadian my & Astrophysics
entific performa
s are based on the ulated by Science–M
anization
ersity of Washington
am University
ersity of Chicago
ersity of California, Santa
ceton University
s Hopkins University
ersity of Oxford
ersity of California, Los A
onal Science Foundation
Department of Energy
A, Space Telescope Scie
ersity of Arizona
ersity of California, Berke
TECH-California Institute
ersity of Cambridge
-European Southern Obs
ard-Smithsonian Cfa
S-Centre National de la R
ervatoire de Paris
A
to Nazionale di Astrofisic
ance of foreign
percentage of papeMetrix using WoS
a Cruz
Angeles
ence Institute
eley
of Technology
servatory
Recherche Scientifique
ca
organizations w
ers with a Canadian
TotalCo-authowith Can
1,338
1,358
1,777
1,938
2,006
3,197
2,052
2,077
2,557
3,520
3,276
3,987
4,063
7,631
4,232
3,781
6,185
10,360
4,424
10,782
8,478
with which Can
contribution.
ored nada
% of papeCanadian con
202
200
200
212
216
343
215
213
251
302
280
336
335
608
312
269
422
682
275
664
311
Pa
nada collabora
rs with atribution
Co-authforeign o
15%
15%
11%
11%
11%
11%
10%
10%
10%
9%
9%
8%
8%
8%
7%
7%
7%
7%
6%
6%
4%
apers
ates the most, 1
ored with a rganization
Incollab
844
1,152
1,039
1,190
1,170
2,096
1,630
1,225
1,747
2,062
2,325
2,295
2,476
4,610
3,172
3,572
4,016
8,112
3,681
6,104
6,560
A Biblio
1998–2009
nternational boration rate
63.1%
84.8%
58.5%
61.4%
58.3%
65.6%
79.4%
59.0%
68.3%
58.6%
71.0%
57.6%
60.9%
60.4%
75.0%
94.5%
64.9%
78.3%
83.2%
56.6%
77.4%
Scienti
ometric Analysis
23
ARC ARIF
2.18 1.17
2.40 1.09
2.37 1.14
2.06 1.13
2.65 1.17
1.99 1.13
1.71 1.15
1.85 1.13
1.32 1.16
1.66 1.08
1.88 1.20
1.87 1.17
1.92 1.08
1.79 1.16
1.68 1.08
1.47 1.00
1.60 1.10
1.20 1.03
1.09 0.95
1.44 1.08
1.17 1.00
fic impact/quality
PerformResearc
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Some still amDurhaUniverinstitu
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4.2 C
This seresearcpresen
The UpapersUniverthe CaBritish
The leexpectInstituInstituscore oimprovToron(both aterms
2 The Astrophindivid
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organizationmong Canad
am Universityrsity, the Unutions publish
ton Universitrham Univer
Overall, all of vatoire de Paute is 1st withhe University IF above or oscore of 0.95
Canadian o
ection providch in regard
nts the top 20
University of s for the 199rsity of Victoanadian Instih Columbia (5
eading organed scientific
ute for Theorute for Theorof 1.91 and tved by the Cato. Out of that the Univerof ARIF for
University ofhysics. Howev
dual organizati
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
ns are not amda’s top 20 y, the Univer
niversity of Ohed more tha
ty is Canada’sity, with a sc
f Canada’s topris ranking la
h a score of 1of Arizona t
on world leve5.
organizatio
des informatto their prod
0 Canadian or
Toronto2 is 98–2009 periria produceditute for The5th, 564 paper
nization for timpact mo
retical Physicsretical Astropthe Universitanadian Instihe top five orrsity of Toronr the whole p
f Toronto scover, since this ion to provide
n ics
mong the topcollaborator
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’s top collabocore of 2.40. p 20 collaborast with a sco1.20, followedied in 2nd, wiel with the ex
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ion on Canaduction, scierganizations
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d 616 papers deoretical Astrrs).
the ARC indore than twos ranks 2nd, wphysics (1.97ty of Torontoitute for Therganizations, nto). Naturalperiod, with
ore includes institute is a a better descr
p 20 in the wrs. This is thago, the Univthe Universiters and have
orator with thThe Universi
rators have anore of 1.09. Ind by the Unith a score of xception of t
adian leadingentific impac.
Canadian olowed by theduring the sarophysics (C
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world based ohe case for
versity of Calty of CalifornARC and AR
he highest ARity of Chicagn ARC well an terms of ARiversity of Wf 1.17. All of the Observat
g organizatiot and intern
organization e NRC, whicame period aITA) (4th, 59
e University ve the worldof 2.19, follo
versity of Vict the top 5 wophysics whi
ated in BritishCanada ranke1.52. York U
uced by the Cin the field in
main Canadian
on scientific the Universifornia at Sania at Los A
RIF scores abo
RC with a scogo rounds outabove the worRIF, the Spac
Washington, PCanada’s top
toire de Paris
ns in astronoational colla
in terms of ch published
and ranks 3rd 8 papers) an
of British Cd average (2.wed in 3rd pla
ctoria comes with 1.69, a sich is locatedh Columbia
ed 1st among University an
Canadian Insn Canada, it w
an players in th
production ity of Washnta Cruz, Pri
Angeles. All oove the world
ore of 2.65, fot the top threrld average, wce Telescope Princeton Unp collaboratos, again ranki
omy & astroaborations. T
f papers, withd 1,119 papein Canada, a
nd the Unive
Columbia. It .45). The Peace by the Cain 4th place,
score that is d at the Unive
and two in OCanadian lead the Unive
stitute of Thewas also rankehe field.
24
but are hington, inceton
of these d level.
ollowed ee, with
with the Science
niversity ors have ing last
physics Table X
h 1,371 ers. The head of
ersity of
has an rimeter
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eoretical ed as an
PerformResearc
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Table
Note: Source:
When organicollaboan intepublishpapers
Figure& astrois strothat CHowevtie andare therole wiNRC a
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Y
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
mance and Impach in Astronom
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h Columbia ronto ranked
X Papeorga
Ranks: Calcu
looking at tization. The oration rate oernational pahed with an
s (79%).
e 7 presents thophysics resengly tied to
CITA is part ver, the Unived the same cae main compithin the netw
as a collabora
Organization
University of Toront
National Research
University of Victor
Canadian Institute
University of British
Université de Mont
University of Calga
University of Weste
McMaster Universi
McGill University
University of Water
University of Albert
York University
Queens University
St Mary's Universit
Observatoire du Mo
Université Laval
Perimeter Institute
University of Saska
Natural Resources
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
ranked 2nd, tie5th, tying Mc
ers, ARC, anizations in
s are based on lated by Scienc
the internatileader amo
of 88%. Howartnership, thinternationa
he collaboratearch. The mthe Canadiaof the Univeersité de Monan be said of ponents of thwork of worl
ator with oth
to
Council Canada
ria
for Theoretical Ast
h Columbia
réal
ry
ern Ontario
ty
rloo
ta
ty
ont Megantic
for Theoretical Phy
atchewan
Canada
n ics
ed with a scocMaster Univ
ARIF an Canada, 1
the total numbece–Metrix using
onal collaboong this toever, in termhe University
al collaborato
tion networkain hub in th
an Institute fersity of Torntréal and thNRC and th
he Canadian ld-leading iner Canadian
Tot
1,3
1,1
6
rophysics 5
5
5
4
3
3
34
3
3
2
2
2
2
14
ysics 1
1
re of 1.21, foversity and Qu
nd internat998–2009
er of published WoS
oration rates,op 20 is St
ms of the absoy of Torontoor for a rate o
k among the the Canadian for Theoreticronto). Therehe Observatoie University network, whstitutions. Itorganization
talCo-author
foreign org
71
19
16
98
64
06
02
71
52
41
14
03
20
08
05
04
42
30
18
91
ollowed by thueen’s Unive
tional colla
papers in astro
, the scores dMary’s Un
olute numbero is the leaderof 81%. The N
top 20 Canadnetwork is t
cal Astrophyse are no cleaire du Mont of Toronto. A
hereas governt is interestinns.
red with a ganization co
1,107
887
519
482
474
429
306
278
275
288
213
206
184
164
181
159
103
88
97
69
Papers
e NRC (4th, 1rsity with a s
aborations
onomy & astrop
differ greatlyniversity withr of papers cor, with 1,107
NRC is 2nd, wi
dian organizathe Universitysics (this is nar clusters wMégantic arAlso, it appe
nment institung to note the
International ollaboration rate
81%
79%
84%
81%
84%
85%
76%
75%
78%
84%
68%
68%
84%
79%
88%
78%
73%
68%
82%
76%
1.20). The Unscore of 1.12.
for 20 le
physics.
y depending h an interno-authored th
7 of its paperith 887 co-au
ations in astry of Toronto
not surprisinwithin this nre linked by aears that univutions play a e smaller role
ARC
1.69
1.33
1.91
1.97
2.45
0.88
0.74
0.89
1.60
1.17
1.20
1.33
1.59
1.32
0.87
0.98
1.16
2.19
0.79
1.46
Scientific impa
25
niversity
eading
on the national hrough
rs being uthored
ronomy o, which ng given
etwork. a strong versities
greater e of the
ARIF
1.12
1.20
1.11
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.06
1.03
1.12
1.03
1.08
1.04
1.21
1.12
0.99
1.10
1.08
1.03
1.03
1.52
act/quality
PeRe
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So
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ovember 2010 Science-Metrix Inc.
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ource: Calcu
pact of Canadian my & Astrophysics
ional collaboraearch, 1998–2size of nodes is propborations between iulated by Science–M
ation network2009 portional to the totanstitution pairs.
Metrix using WoS
k of the 20 lea
l number of papers
ding Canadia
by the institution ov
n organization
ver the period, and t
26
ns in astronom
the width of the link
A Biblio
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ometric Analysis
ysics
the number of
PerformResearc
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5
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he number of
he number of
he specializat
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he average of
he internation
he national co
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What is Canaderms of quantndex) and sciempact factors
What is Canadstrophysics? research in a
omparable (inWith whom arhese collabora
on 1
da contributed analyzed in f the top 15 pmetric indiccriteria rankinS, the UK, Swmetric indicach quality, esRC indicator.ar period exada’s ARC rem
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
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9). This analytific papers an
f papers;
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ion index (SI
relative citat
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ollaboration
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da’s ranking atity (e.g., numentific impacs)? da’s positioni
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producers of ators (i.e., nng uniting al
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ronomy & asn astronomy &stronomy & aers per capi
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nd impact. Fond 2nd in scieries have greauld overtake dy. If the SI, t
f the impact od, Science-M
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ed to a set of
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C and ARIF–2009 period
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Analysis
27
science ucted a 12-year y based
llowing
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mance is thed the US andronomy & asCanada ranks, it has had t
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on 3
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gest, with a cd area in whihysics, Canalized in the fies than in as
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
e weakest, wd Switzerlandstrophysics rked 10th for ththe fifth highinto accountis ranking would improvephysics resea
to the world.le maintaininber of papersrkforce, as eng moving fr
leading counth at least onollaborator her importanop 15 producentific produronomy & ahe internatio70 countries12–year peri
in astronomrms of size) y & astrophyf these areas
ded by the nued on natu
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elative to thhe volume ofhest increase t, Canada ran
was quite stae its standingarch within it However, it ng a high scs per capita bstimated usirom 6th to 5th
ntries, Canadane internation
was the Unt collaboratcers of scientuction, the Uastrophysics,onal collabors in the netwiod.
my & astrophand/or relateysics researchs was assessumber of papral linkages ophysics sta
n of a strongimpact is str
pecialized inronmental scastrophysics,
from the mCanada rankee world and f its scientificin scientific
nked 9th for table over theg in astronomts total scient
should be ncientific impby the scientiing IAU memh place for th
a ranked 8th inal partner (aS, which a
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hysics was ced disciplineh is an area oed through
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ompared to es as definedof strength fa positional
and the ARC. ronomy & the area in wion and a hgeneral phys
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analysis, Canrespect to the
been increasinn (6,708 papeover the peri09 in terms oriod. Based ohysics by inction (i.e., scien
is often chascientific quf countries re
Canada gaine9 period (dat
the proportioonal collaborar 31.3% of any, France adiscipline. As thin the inte
countries. Cimportant paa national co
its standingd by the NSFfor Canada. Tl analysis, w When lookiastrophysicswhich Canadigh scientificsics. Yet, unl
he other hanlimnology anntific impact
A Bibliometric
nada would re SI, it is specng over the pers) and, amood examined
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and Australiawas expecte
ernational scCanada is alartner of the ollaboration
g in a samplF to help detThe perform
which combinng at the fiel
s field (i.e., da’s performc impact. Thlike in astron
nd, Canada ind earth & plt in these disc
Analysis
28
rank 3rd cialized past 12 ong the
d. When f papers icriteria share of ction in increase y, when e size of e in the vailable
ers that f 78.2%). bilateral a, all of d given
cientific lso well US and rate of
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l. Finally, am astronomy &
s, 8th for spec3rd in terms al medicine omy & astrodisciplines of
on 4
da’s main intrche Scientifisonian Centese organizatioific impact. Thysics and aoration netws). In additioare among thAmerican un
ARC and ARy research.
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
mong all of th& astrophysicialization anof ARC for and general
ophysics resef comparable
ernational coique (CNRS)er for Astropons have per
They are alsoare (especiallyworks of then, fourteen o
he top 20 organiversities. Fi
RIF above the
n ics
he subfields ucs research),
nd 3th for sciethe whole pphysics. Tharch when c
e size to astro
ollaborator f. NASA, the Chysics and Joformed well
o among the y NASA ande 20 leadingout of the toanizations, aginally, all of e world level
used in this astronomy &entific impac
period (1998–hus, it can sa
ompared to onomy & astr
for the 1998-California Inohns Hopkinin astronomtop 10 instit
d the CNRS) internatio
op 20 organizgain based onCanada’s 20
l, which indi
comparison & astrophysicct. Also, the –2009), trailiafely be conc
related discirophysics.
-2009 periodnstitute of Tens follow as C
my & astrophytutions prod
important pnal organizazations withn scientific ptop collabor
icates that C
(including tcs ranks 13th astronomy &
ing only the cluded that Ciplines, even
d was the Ceechnology (CACanada’s maiysics research
ducing the mplayers withiations (in te
h which Canaproduction, arators, with
Canada’s part
A Bibliometric
hose of comfor total num
& astrophysifields of gen
Canada is strwhen comp
entre NationaALTECH), Hin collaborat
h and have haost in astronin the internerms of numada collaboraand among thonly one exctners perform
Analysis
29
parable mber of ics field neral & rong in ared to
al de la Harvard-tors. All ad high
nomy & national mber of ates the hese are ception, m good
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Appe
Table
Note: Source:
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
endix A –
XI Scieastro
The sc: Calcu
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
Supplem
ntific perfoophysics, 19
cale is not the slated by Scienc
n ics
mentary Ta
rmance of 998–2009
same across coce–Metrix using
ables and
the world
ountries. WoS
d Figures
d’s top 15
s
countries
A Bibliometric
in astrono
Analysis
30
omy &
PeRe
No© S
Ta
So
Co
Ch
Ne
Sw
Ge
Sp
Au
Fra
Ca
Un
Ita
Ja
Un
Ru
Ch
Ind
rformance and Impesearch in Astronom
ovember 2010 Science-Metrix Inc.
able XII Nati
ource: Calcu
ountry N
hile 13
etherlands 28
witzerland 17
ermany 19
pain 27
ustralia 24
ance 31
anada 23
nited Kingdom 23
aly 49
pan 47
nited States 47
ussia 17
hina 49
dia 21
pact of Canadian my & astrophysics
onal and intern
ulated by Science–M
Natl. Rank Int.
3.9% 15 90.3%
8.2% 6 86.1%
7.9% 13 80.0%
9.9% 12 77.8%
7.4% 7 73.4%
4.4% 8 77.5%
.9% 5 72.4%
3.1% 9 72.8%
3.1% 9 70.2%
9.1% 2 68.6%
7.8% 3 48.4%
7.5% 4 51.4%
7.7% 14 57.1%
9.5% 1 41.8%
.0% 11 44.1%
98-00
national collabo
Metrix using WoS
Rank Natl. Ra
1 13.0%
2 28.4%
3 13.6%
4 21.6%
6 30.2%
5 26.7%
8 34.3%
7 22.0%
9 24.5%
10 48.2%
13 49.2%
12 51.0%
11 24.1%
15 48.4%
14 27.5%
oration rates of
ank Int. Rank
15 94.6% 1
7 87.5% 2
14 81.1% 3
13 78.1% 5
6 80.2% 4
9 78.1% 5
5 75.4% 8
12 77.0% 7
10 74.0% 9
4 70.5% 10
2 57.6% 11
1 54.3% 13
11 55.8% 12
3 44.6% 14
8 43.4% 15
01-03
15 leading cou
Natl. Rank
13.3% 15 95
26.2% 10 87
16.0% 14 88
24.1% 12 83
31.4% 7 83
27.6% 9 77
37.4% 5 80
23.0% 13 78
26.2% 10 75
53.0% 1 72
52.1% 3 59
52.3% 2 57
27.9% 8 56
44.8% 4 52
32.0% 6 49
04-06
untries in astro
Int. Rank Natl
5.3% 1 19.5%
7.4% 3 27.8%
8.5% 2 16.8%
3.0% 5 27.4%
3.1% 4 33.9%
7.6% 8 25.0%
0.5% 6 42.7%
8.2% 7 25.5%
5.6% 9 28.5%
2.6% 10 54.9%
9.9% 11 56.2%
7.2% 12 56.1%
6.7% 13 27.5%
2.3% 14 48.6%
9.1% 15 35.7%
onomy & astrop
l. Rank Int. Ra
% 14 96.7%
% 9 90.1%
% 15 89.8%
% 11 84.1%
% 7 83.8%
% 13 84.6%
% 5 82.9%
% 12 82.1%
% 8 79.7%
% 3 77.8%
% 1 65.6%
% 2 61.6%
% 10 54.6%
% 4 55.9%
% 6 48.9%
07-09
A Biblio
physics, 1998–
ank Natl. Rank
1 15.4% 15
2 27.6% 8
3 16.1% 14
5 23.8% 12
6 31.2% 6
4 26.0% 9
7 37.4% 5
8 23.7% 13
9 25.9% 10
10 51.7% 3
11 51.8% 2
12 52.1% 1
14 24.7% 11
13 47.7% 4
15 30.2% 7
T
ometric Analysis
31
2009
k Int. Rank
95.0% 1
87.9% 2
86.1% 3
81.2% 4
80.9% 5
79.8% 6
78.6% 7
78.2% 8
75.4% 9
72.9% 10
58.7% 11
56.6% 12
55.9% 13
50.6% 14
46.9% 15
Total
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Table
Note: Source:
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
XIII Papeinter
Ranks: Calcu
Organization
NASA
CNRS-Centre Nat
Istituto Nazionale
CALTECH-Califor
Harvard-Smithson
Russian Academ
Observatoire de P
Chinese Academ
University of Cam
University of Calif
University of Arizo
ESO-European S
US Department o
Los Alamos Nat
Lawrence Liverm
Fermilab
Lawrence Berke
SLAC
Argonne Nationa
Oak Ridge Natio
NASA, Space Te
Johns Hopkins Un
CSIC
Max Planck Instit
National Science
European Norther
National Astronom
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
ers, ARC, national org
s are based on lated by Scienc
tional de la Reche
e di Astrofisica
rnia Institute of Tec
nian Cfa
y of Sciences
Paris
y of Sciences
mbridge
fornia, Berkeley
ona
Southern Observato
of Energy
tional Laboratory
more National Lab
eley National Labo
al Laboratory
onal Laboratory
lescope Science
niversity
tute for Extraterres
Foundation
rn Observatory
mical Observatory
n ics
ARIF and ganizations
the total numbece–Metrix using
erche Scientifique
chnology
ory
oratory
oratory
Institute
strial Physics
of Japan
internationin astronom
er of published WoS
nal collabomy & astrop
papers in astro
Papers ARC
Score Score
10,782 1.44
10,360 1.20
8,478 1.17
7,631 1.79
6,185 1.60
5,406 0.61
4,424 1.09
4,238 0.62
4,232 1.68
4,063 1.92
3,987 1.87
3,781 1.47
3,520 1.66
1,391 1.49
928 1.31
462 3.88
423 3.09
240 1.63
89 1.00
67 1.32
3,276 1.88
3,197 1.99
2,672 1.12
2,600 1.50
2,557 1.32
2,556 1.01
2,550 1.11
oration ratehysics, 199
onomy & astrop
ARIF
e Score
4 1.08
0 1.03
7 1.00
9 1.16
0 1.10
1 0.74
9 0.95
2 0.89
8 1.08
2 1.08
7 1.17
7 1.00
6 1.08
9 1.00
1 1.15
8 1.21
9 1.13
3 1.01
0 1.11
2 1.18
8 1.20
9 1.13
2 1.01
0 1.00
2 1.16
1 0.99
1 1.05
Inte
A Bibliometric
e for 20 le98–2009
physics.
Papers
6,104
8,112
6,560
4,610
4,016
3,178
3,681
1,995
3,172
2,476
2,295
3,572
2,062
743
517
329
295
158
69
36
2,325
2,096
2,238
2,244
1,747
2,136
1,660
ernational collab
Analysis
32
eading
Rate
57%
78%
77%
60%
65%
59%
83%
47%
75%
61%
58%
94%
59%
53%
56%
71%
70%
66%
78%
54%
71%
66%
84%
86%
68%
84%
65%
borations
PerformResearc
Novemb© Scien
Figure
Note:
Source
mance and Impach in Astronom
ber 2010 ce-Metrix Inc.
e 8 CollaastroThe sithe wiCalcu
act of Canadianmy & Astrophys
aboration nonomy & aze of nodes is pdth of the links lated by Scienc
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network of astrophysicproportional to is proportional
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the 30 leacs research
the total numbto the number WoS
ading organh, 1998–20ber of papers byr of collaboratio
nizations in009 y the institution ons between ins
A Bibliometric
n the world
over the periodstitution pairs.
Analysis
33
in
d, and
PerformResearc
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Appe
Constit
ThomsExpandIndex astropdocumscientiinstituand in
To perwithindatabaprovidsuggescategoFoundjournaNaturemateri
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tution of data
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ment it coversific impact bautional affiliastitutions) to
rform this stn all papers iase that wereded an initialsted that addry of two c
dation [NSF]als to the inite and Sciencials in a great
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ology subfielcant overlap
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Methods
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ndexing somWoS was chos, allowing fased on citat
ations, which o be analyzed
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e published inl list of 75 aditional jourclassification classificatio
tial list (for thce were not it range of dis
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by Canada intific journalsfield. As suchastrophysics ld was excluwith the astr
uce bibliomere published measured re
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me 8,700 jourosen over othfor internal ctions and imp
allows the cod.
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tric data, onin refereed a
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which includs Citation Indrnals, was uher databasescoverage monpact factor. Iollaboration
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(i.e., the W by the NRCe Appendix Cince they are
omparative ao other relevhad natural
of comparablysics. The pri—an individuoverlap betw
oved from thl list of comiscipline.4
ument typesurnals. The pbutions to s
upport of astro
mparison wit
tabases (the Snd the Arts &duce statisticincludes citedthe database des data on aen various ent
& astrophysed of retrievinnomy & astr with the clironomy & a
WoS and theC, this proceC). High impe generalist j
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s were be retpeer review pscientific kn
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A Bibliometric
Science Citatio& Humanities cs on astrond references and the ana
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y & Astrophys
Analysis
34
on Index Citation
nomy & of each
alysis of nd their ountries
entified om the
he NRC -Metrix journal Science
ded two such as
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requirepapers.
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where,
XS =
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NS =
NT =
An indan ind
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mance and Impach in Astronom
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tics were prod
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lization indexizational entity of the refows:
Papers from
Papers from
Papers fromastrophysic
Papers from
dex value aboex value belo
ge of relative entity (e.g., a
published. Thumber of citahed in the p
al in 2007 is d by the num
act of Canadianmy & astrophysi
s of quality.
tors
duced based o
Number of sed on author
The number od by the US Care estimateda populationws: 3,345/298
x (SI): This iity (e.g., a co
ference entity
m entity X in
m entity X in
m the referecs);
m the referen
ove 1 means tow 1 means th
impact factorcountry, a sp
homson Reutations it recerevious two yequal to the
mber of artic
n ics
In this stud
on the follow
scientific papr addresses),
of papers at tCensus Bured at mid-year
n of 298 mill8 = 11.2 pape
is an indicatountry) in a y (e.g., the wo
S
a given resea
a reference s
ence entity N
ce entity N in
that a given he reverse.
rs (ARIF): Thpecific set of ters calculateeived in the years. Thus, number of c
cles published
dy, articles an
wing indicato
pers written bsectors or org
the country leau. These str. For examplion inhabitars per million
tor of the intgiven resear
orld) in the sa
T
S
T
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NN
XX
SI
arch area (e.g.
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., Canada in a
(e.g., Canada
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cialized relat
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will be collect
associated wi
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s.
search of a gg., domain, fih area. The SI
astronomy &
a in SCI Expa
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s (e.g., world
tive to the ref
quality of paed on the jouor (IF) for eactive to the nry from year ished in 200(23) (i.e., IF
A Bibliometric
tively referre
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ta using popan annual b,345 biology
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anded);
rld in astron
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apers producurnals in which journal ba
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Analysis
35
ed to as
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ounts in the IFhese document
s study, we thdatabase.
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fields and smatics), each
bfield to obtai.e., if an insti
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papers in this(RC). The A
s belonging tbetter than
hes papers th
ific productioomy & astro09).5 There aer of IAU mx and researcha power law
a on IAU m/www.iau.org/ion model.
J. S. (2000). Sc
act of Canadianmy & astrophysi
= 0.605). Hd in that its n
cuments into ments, while as
notes and revnumber of jo
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herefore used
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RC): This is anan institutiongiven subfieldoundation), tthin the astroen entity (e.gthe ARC is a
n astronomy ted as often a
to scientific estimated us
be a power laountries. Sylt Science-Meexists betwee
were downloantries (not ju
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pointed out nd denomina
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ric IF based o
o them the IFSubsequently, there are m
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36
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Power log-tracompunumbeorder t
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37
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elected subfieissemination
re, V., Archambauand engineering w
el, W. & Schoepfliagement, 35: 31-44
D., Tomizawa, H.tates. Research Eva
d, H. F., Luwel, M.,
Raan, A. F. J. (200gy research: The urs.
act of Canadianmy & astrophysi
d the bulk of tting in a bett
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bliometrics iAs bibliomenot uncommd countries aensive cover
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mitation has lields for comp. Errors in co
ult, É., Gingras, Ywith social science
in,U. (1999). A bib4
., Saitoh, Y., & Koaluation, 13(2), 78-
, & Nederhof, A.J.
04). Measuring sciuse of publication
n ics
the distributer readability
is the most etrics is often
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ntries that puend to publistext of internublication co
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Y. & Vignola-Gagnes and humanitie
bliometric study o
obayashi, S. (2004-86.
(2002). Toward r
ience. In H. F. Mon and patent statis
ions, which cy of the netw
widely accepn used in thhat comparatd. The key tscientific litening that the
ublish in Englsh more in otnational compunts is the di
or instance, itrs. Hence, on
in Thomson sciences, englds (ArchambNederhof, 20shed in refere
rising to see tller than thosecause astronave journals anumber of pa
né, É. (2006). Thees. Journal of the Am
of reference litera
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consist mainwork graphs.
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Reuters’ sciegineering, andbault et al., 20210; van Raaeed journals that publicatise from the n
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ntity (e.g.,
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nstitution, corrors arising founcil, NRC,cience-Metrixesearchers, in
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se all bibliomused as a s
tors point inon a single
tors do not ch (or the bess research inpd comparable
J. (1987). A review1-271
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