Penetration JetPenetration Jet

Plasmasheet

Plasmapause

Penetration Jet

DMSP F15 6 April 2000 21 MLT

Trough

A Strong Polarization Electric Field forms in Low-Conductivity Region between the Inner Edge of the Plasmasheet Precipitation and the Plasmapause

Plasmapause

M-I Coupling:M-I Coupling:Ring Current -Plasmasphere Ring Current -Plasmasphere

InteractionsInteractions

Millstone Hill

Penetration JetPenetration Jet

Statistical Studies indicate the Statistical Studies indicate the Persistence and PredictabilityPersistence and Predictability of the of the Penetration JetPenetration Jet

Storm Enhanced Density is formed Storm Enhanced Density is formed where the where the Penetration Jet overlaps the Penetration Jet overlaps the PlasmaspherePlasmasphere

Polarization Electric Fields Structure Polarization Electric Fields Structure the Outer Plasmasphere forming the Outer Plasmasphere forming Plasmaspheric TailsPlasmaspheric Tails

• Strong Stormtime Electric Fields appear between the plasmasheet and the plasmapause

Millstone Hill Radar Scans Span Auroral and Penetration Jet Convection

20-Year Database used to Determine Statistical Features

Statistical PatternsStatistical Patterns Poleward-Directed Electric Field Spans the Poleward-Directed Electric Field Spans the

Midnight Sector Equatorward of the Auroral Two-Midnight Sector Equatorward of the Auroral Two-Cell Convection PatternCell Convection Pattern

March 31, 2001DMSP F13

PJ Overlaps Outer

Plasmasphere

Effects of Penetrating Electric Effects of Penetrating Electric FieldsFields

Cross-tail electric fields energize and inject Cross-tail electric fields energize and inject particles into the inner magnetosphere particles into the inner magnetosphere forming the forming the disturbance Ring Currentdisturbance Ring Current

Penetrating electric fieldsPenetrating electric fields uplift and perturb uplift and perturb the Plasmasphere and low-latitude the Plasmasphere and low-latitude ionosphereionosphere

Storm-Enhanced Density (SED)Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) and and detached detached plasmasplasmas are formed as the Penetration Jet are formed as the Penetration Jet overlaps the outer plasmasphereoverlaps the outer plasmasphere

Injected Injected Energetic Ions are DestabilizedEnergetic Ions are Destabilized in in Regions of Enhanced Plasma DensityRegions of Enhanced Plasma Density

Dual Effects of Penetrating Dual Effects of Penetrating Electric FieldsElectric Fields

Penetration Electric FieldUplifts

Equatorial Ionosphere

Polarization JetStrips Away

Outer Plasmasphere

Detached Plasmaspheric Regions

Penetration JetStrips Away

Outer Plasmasphere

Radial E Field

Eastward Penetration Electric Field Uplifts

Equatorial Ionosphere

Plumes & Blobs of Storm-Enhanced Density

Sweep across Mid Latitudes

Enhancement and Poleward Expansion of

Equatorial Anomaly

Penetration Jet

GPS Map of TEC July 15, 2000 22:15 UT