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PEACE EDUCATION: A Transformative Response to

Major Societal Changes

Prepared and Reported by:Nickole G. Ordiales Julie Anne Millano

BSEd III-R, Phy. Sci. Ed.

Teresa AbainzaProfessor, Social Dimension of Education

Bicol UniversityCollege of Education

Daraga, AlbayA.Y: 2015-2016

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PEACE

EDUCATION

A Transformative Response to Major Societal Challenges

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PEACE begins with a SMILE

----Mother Teresa

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PEACE IS THE ABSENCE OF….

WAR

PHYSICAL VIOLENCE

EXTREME POVERTYSTARVATION

AVOIDABLE DISEASES

DISCRIMINATIONDENIAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS

STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE

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Structural violence occurs when the wealth of affluent nations, groups or individuals is based on the labor and the essential resources drawn from

nations, groups and individuals who, as a consequence, are required to

live diminished lives of deprivation (Monez, 1973).

Its manifestation is the highly uneven distribution of wealth and

resources and power.

He formulates “Peace as the absence of violence and the presence of social justice”

JOHAN GALTUNGPeace theorist and

Researcher

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Human behaviors depend on the

availability of resources.

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Peace

Negative Peace

Positive PeaceAbsence of direct/physical

Violence (both macro and micro)

Presence of conditions of well-being and just relationships: social, economic, political,

ecological

Structural Violence

Socio-cultural Violence

Ecological Violence

Direct Violencee.g., war, torture, child and woman abuse

Violence

e.g., poverty, hunger

e.g., racism, sexism, religious intolerance

e.g., pollution, overconsumption

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Interpersonal Peace

Intergroup/Social Peace

Global Peace

Peace Between Humans And The Earth And Beyond

Personal Peace

Respect for other persons, Justice, tolerance, cooperation

Respect for other persons, Justice, tolerance, cooperation

Respect for the environment, Sustainable living, simple lifestyles

Harmony with the self

Harmony with

others

Harmony with nature

Self- respect, inner resources: love, hope

Harmony with SACRED SOURCES

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What is violence?

• It is a “humanly inflicted harm”- Betty Reardon

• It is a result of unequal distribution of resources or socio-cultural problem or environmental.

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Level

Form of Violence

Personal Interpersonal/Community National Global

Direct Physical

SuicideDrug abuse

Domestic violenceViolent crimes

Violent crimesCivil War

Human Rights Abuses

Conventional WarNuclear WarHuman rights

abuses

Structural/Economic,

Political

Sociocultu-ral/

Psycho-logical

Powerlessness

AlienationLow self- esteemAnxiety

Local inequalities National inequalities Global inequalities

Poverty, hungerPrejudice/enemy images

Cultural dominationRacismSexism

Religious intolerance

Ecological Over- consumption

Over- consumptionPollution

Over- consumptionPollution

Chemical and Biological WarfareNuclear power radiation

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PEACE EDUCATION AS TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION

It promotes the culture of peace that is essential in transforming peaceful society.

The role of the school is to promote peace and teach them knowledge base, skills, attitudes and behaviors that can help to transform our society in to peaceful one.

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The Peaceable Teaching-Learning Process

COGNITIVE PHASE(Being aware,

Understanding)

ACTIVE PHASE(Taking practical action)

AFFECTIVE PHASE(Being concerned,

Responding, Valuing)

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Why Educate for Peace?

Peace Education seeks to transform the present human condition by “changing social structures and patterns of

thought that have created it.”-Betty Reardon

The main purpose of peace education are the elimination of social injustice, the rejection of violence and the

abolition of war.

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EDUCATION is the VACCINE for VIOLENCE

-Edward James Olmos

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Peace Education as a Practical Alternative

Education is the best way to promote peace in teaching the students (the society of tomorrow) nonviolent, humane and ecological alternatives in dealing and eradicating violence.

War is accepted as legitimate means to pursue the so-called national interest.

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Peace Education as an Ethical Imperative

These ethical principles include the unity and value of life, not only of human life but also other life forms in nature; respect for human dignity; nonviolence; justice; and

love as a social ethic.

They are the principles that are highly encouraged for actualization because they are expected to bring us to the

common good.

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Peace Education’s Shema of Knowledge, Skills and

Attitudes/Values Attitudes/Values

1. Self-respect2. Respect for others3. Gender equality4. Respect for life/

nonviolence5. Compassion6. Global concern7. Ecological concern8. Cooperation9. Openness & tolerance10. Justice11. Social responsibility12. Positive vision

Knowledge 1. Holistic concept o peace 2. Conflict & Violence causes 3. Some peaceful alternatives Disarmament Nonviolence-Philos.&

practice Conflict resolution, Trans- formation, prevention Human rights Human solidarity Democratization Development Based on

justice Sustainable Development

Skills1. Reflection2. Critical thinking & analysis3. Decision making4. Imagination5. Conflict resolution6. Empathy7. Group building

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Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources for

PeaceCommon Peace Teachings that the

Various Spiritual Traditions Subscribe to are:

1.Rejection of violence2.Love and compassion for other humans3.Love and compassion for other

creatures and life forms in nature4.Respect for human dignity5.Justice or fairness

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PEACE THEMES

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#1. UPHOLDING HUMAN DIGNITY

Human Dignity- is defined as the fundamental innate worth of a human being, a principle that

is now universally accepted but has not taken root in the action practices of many governments, communities and

other non-state actors.

It came from our beliefs in our religions and molded to be mores and became laws.

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women also known as the International Bill of Rights for Women is the only international treaty that comprehensively addresses women’s rights.

Philippine Gov’t Enacted Law for WomenRA 7877 “anti- sexual harassment act“ RA 8505 “ rape victim assistance & protection

act”RA 9262 “ anti – trafficking in person’s act”RA 9262 “ anti – violence against women &

children act”Magna Carta For Women

CEDAW

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Aims of CEDAW:1. To bring about substantive

equality of women2.Prohibits actions and policies

that put women at a disadvantage whatever its intentions

3.Recognizes the influence of culture & tradition on restricting women’s enjoyment of their right

4. Discards the distinction between the private & the public spheres, by recognizing violations of women in the private sphere

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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The recognition of human rights as a significant international concern came at the close of WWII, with the founding of UN and the adoption of

UDHR by UN General Assembly in 1948.

ARTICLE 1- ARTICLE 30

ARTICLE 28- Right to Social Order that Articulates this Document

ARTICLE 29- Community Duties Essential to Free and Full Development

ARTICLE 30- Freedom from State or Personal Interference in the above Rights

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Five Major Types of Human Rights

1. Civil Rights (Self)2. Political Rights (Country)3. Economics Rights (Wealth)4. Social Rights (Community)5. Cultural Rights (Beliefs)

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CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

1.Survival 2.Development3.Protection4.Participation

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#2: Challenging Prejudice and Building

ToleranceGordon Allport (1958) asserts that humans have a propensity toward

prejudice. This propensity lies in their normal tendency to form generalizations and categories whose content represents an over-simplification of their world of

experience.

Prejudice is the negative feeling or attitude towards a person or a group even if it lacks basis.

Stereotype refers to the negative opinion about a person or group based on incomplete knowledge.

Discrimination refers to negative actions towards members of a specific social group that may be manifested in avoidance, aversion or even violence.

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POLITICAL PARTY

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

RELIGIOUS BELIEFSOCCUPATION

RACE

NATIONALITY

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Types of Prejudice

COLOUR( A Poem Written by an African Child which was Nominated as The Best Poem of 2005)

When I born, I black; When I grow up I black; When I go in sun I black;When I scared, I black; When I sick, I black; And when I die, I still black;And you White fellows;When you born, you pink;When you grow up, you white;When you go in sun, you red;When you cold, you blue;When you scared, you yellow;When you sick, you green;When you die, you grey;And you call me coloured.

1.RACISM

Belief of racial superiority

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2. SEXISMSubordination on others on the

basis of sex

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3. HETEROSEXISMnegative attitudes towards lesbians and

gay men

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4. Classism – distancing from and perceiving the poor as “the

other”.

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5. Ageism – negative attitudes held against the young or the elderly.

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6. Looksism – prejudice against those who do not measure up to set standards of beauty. The usual victims are the over-weight, the undersized and the dark-skinned.

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7. Linguicism – negative attitudes which members of dominant language groups hold against non-dominant language groups.

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8. Religious intolerance - prejudice against those who are followers of religious other than one’s own.

MUSLIMSVS

CHRISTIANS

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Education for Tolerance and respect

Why teach tolerance? UNESCO asserts that education is the most effective means of

preventing intolerance. There is a need for schools to educate citizens NOT to accept hateful propaganda about the “different other” and instead appreciate other cultures and respect cultural differences.

Educating for tolerance is a practical alternative. Intolerance has given rise to violence, terrorism and discrimination within societies. A lack of respect for differences, among other factors, has given rise to conflicts between and among groups. Teaching for tolerance will aid in protecting human rights and in saving lives.

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#3: Promoting Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the refusal to do harm to other humans life is sacred and is an absolute value. It is anchored on the belief that humans have the potential

to change.

Why nonviolence?

1. It is both an ethical and moral choice.2. Destruction is not the law of human3. Nonviolence is a practical choice. Tools and effects of violence are costly.4. Nonviolence works

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“An eye for an eye makes the whole world

blind”Mahatma Gandhi

“Nonviolence does not seek to defeat or humiliate the opponent but to win his

friendship and understanding”Martin Luther King Jr.

People Power

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#4: Challenging the War System

War is classical or international if it is between states, or civil or internal, if it occurs between rival groups or communities within a state.

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF WAR:

1. Territorial disputes2. Lack of differences3. Ideological or power struggles4. A history of colonialism and the process of decolonization5. Competition of resources

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