Anatomy of male

genital system

Male Reproductive system

Primary sex organs (two testes)

Secondary sex organs (duct system)

Accessory sex organs

Ontogenesis of the male genitalia

Descending

of testis

1- Scrotum

Location :

Stallion

Camel- bull Tom cat DogBoar

Bull Buffalo-bull buck Ram Bull Buffalo-bull buckBuffalo-bull buckBull Buffalo-bull buck Ram Bull Buffalo-bull buck Stallion Ram Bull Buffalo-bull buck

Camel- bull Boar DogCamel- bull Boar Tom cat DogCamel- bull Boar

Inter abd obliq.

Skin

Peritoneum

Exter abd obliq

Tran abd m.

skin

T.dartos

T.subdartos

Cremasteric m.

Internal spermatic fascia

Tunica vaginalis (parietal)

Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

a

Anatomy:

Functions:support and protect the testis

a

Thermo–regulatory mechanism in bull

1.6 - 3.9 °C lower ↓ in cattle,

buffalo, monkey, man and dog.

5° ↓ in buck.

7° ↓ in ram.

8° ↓ in rat.

Hot weather (summer) Cold weather (winter)

2- Testes

Shape

Length

Width

Thickness

= Distance between the two pole

= Distance between the two border

= Distance between the two surface Pole or

extremity

Border

Surface

Cranial, caudal border

Proximal and distal

extremity

Proximal and

distal border

Cranial, caudal

extremity

Length = Distance between the two pole

Width = Distance between the two border

Location

Stallion

Camel- bull Tom cat DogBoar

Bull Buffalo-bull buck Ram Bull Buffalo-bull buckBull Buffalo-bull Ram buckBull Buffalo-bull Stallion Ram buckBull Buffalo-bull

Camel- bull Boar DogCamel- bull Boar Tom cat DogCamel- bull Boar

Orientation of the testis

Vertical

(Bull, Buffalo-bull,

Ram, Buck)

Horizontal

(Stallion )

Oblique

(Cranioventral) (Boar,

Camel-bull, Tom-cat,

Dog)

Position

Vertical

(Bull, Buffalo-bull,

Ram, Buck)

Oblique

(Cranioventral) (Boar,

Camel-bull, Tom-cat,

Dog)

Bull

Position of the testicles

Tunica Vaginalis

(Parietal) Tunica Vaginalis

(visceral)

Testicular capsule

(Tunica albuginia)

Epididymis (Tail)

Tunica Vaginalis

(Parietal)

Epididymis (Tail)

Testicular capsule

(Tunica albuginia)

Tunica Vaginalis

(Parietal)

Epididymis (Tail)

Tunica Vaginalis

(visceral)

Testicular capsule

(Tunica albuginia)

Tunica Vaginalis

(Parietal)

Epididymis (Tail)

Testicular capsule

Testicular capsule (Tunica albuginia)

Testicular parenchyma

Mediastinum

testis

Trabiculae

Testicular capsule (Tunica albuginia)

Mediastinum

testis

Trabiculae

Testicular capsule (Tunica albuginia)

Mediastinum

testis

Mediastinum testis in the bull

Mediastinum

Seminiferous

Tubule

Rete Testis

Boar 6000 m

Bull 5000 m

Ram 4000 m

Dog 150 m

Tom-cat 25 m

Mediastinum

Seminiferous

Tubule

Rete TestisMediastinum

Seminiferous

Tubule

Dog 150 m

Ram 4000 m

Dog 150 m

Bull 5000 m

Ram 4000 m

Dog 150 m

Boar 6000 m

Bull 5000 m

Ram 4000 m

Dog 150 m

Boar 6000 m

Bull 5000 m

Boar 6000 m

Ram 4000 m

Bull 5000 m

Boar 6000 m

Dog 150 m

Ram 4000 m

Bull 5000 m

Boar 6000 m

Seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous

tubules

Primary

Spermatocyte

Sertoli

Cells

Leydig Cells

Capillary

Basement

Membrane

Spermatids

Round

Spermatids

Secondary

Spermatocyte

Myoid Cells

Spermat

ogonium

Endocrine function

Vision,smell,

hearing,light,temp

Brain

&hypothalamus

GnRH

Anterior pituitary

FSH LH or ICSH

Act on seminifrous

tubules

Spermatogonia Sertoli cells

Estrogen,

inhibin,ABP

spermatocytogenesis

Spermatids

Spermiogenesis

Spermatozoa

Leydig cells

Androgen

Accessory

glandslibido

Seminal plasma

Semen (ejaculate)

2n

2n

2n

2n

2n

n n

n n n n

spermatogonium

Dormant spermatogonium

Later division

Dormant

spermatogonium

Active

spermatogonium

Active spermatogonium

mitosis

16x Primary spermatocytes

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

secondary spermatocytes

Spermatids

Metamorphosis

spermatozoa

Spermatocyto

genesis 31-32

days

Spermiogene

sis 15-17

days

2n

2n

2n

2n

2n

2n

n n

n n n n

spermatogonium

Dormant spermatogonium

Later division

Dormant

spermatogonium

Active

spermatogonium

Active spermatogonium

mitosis

16x Primary spermatocytes

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

secondary spermatocytes

Spermatids

Metamorphosis

spermatozoa

Spermatocyto

genesis 31-32

days

Spermiogene

sis 15-17

days

Exocrine

function

Secondary sex organ (excurrent duct system)

Rete Testis

Spermatic Cord

Vas Deferens

Head (Caput)

body (Corpus)

Tail (Cauda)

Efferent duct

(Vasa Efferentia)

Seminiferous

Tubule

Epididymis

Efferent ducts (Vasa Efferntia)

Parts of the epididymis

Head (Caput)

More or less flattened and broad

Body (corpus)

Intermediate narrow and long part

Tail (cauda)

Distal enlarged part (usually extrude

out of testicular margin )

Length of the epididymis

50-75mStallion 50mBoar, RamBull 35-40m

Epididymis

Position of the epididymis in relation to the testis

Vertical (Bull, Buffalo-

bull, Ram, Buck)

Horizontal (Stallion ) Oblique (Cranioventral)

(Boar, Camel-bull, Tom-

cat, Dog)

Body

Head

Tail

Proximal extremity and

reflected in the cranial

border

Caudal border

Distal extremity

Cranial extremity

Dorsal border

Caudal extremity

Crainioventarl extremity

Cranial border

Caudodorsal extremity

Species specific features

bull Ram

Stallion

Function of epididymis:

Sperm transportation

Concentration

Protection

Maturation

Storage

Secretion of GPC

spermophagia

Spermatic

cord

Vas deferens or ductus deferens

ostaejaculatoris

Pathway of the vas deferens

Inguinal (vertical) Bull,

Buffalo bull, Ram, Buck)

Inguinal horizontal (Stallion)

Perineal (crainoventral) Boar,

Camel-bull, Tom-cat, Dog)

Ampulla ductus deferens in different animal species

RamBull

Boar

Tom-cat DogDog

Tom-cat

Spermatic cord

Content

Length

It is the organ of connection between the scrotal and pelvic genital organs

1- Spermatic artery

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

4- Lymphatic vessels

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

6- internal cremasteric muscle

7- Vas deferens

Stallion Ram, Buck, Bull, buffalo-bull Dog, Tom-cat, Boar, Camel< <

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

6- internal cremasteric muscle

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

6- internal cremasteric muscle

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

7- Vas deferens

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

6- internal cremasteric muscle

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

7- Vas deferens

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

7- Vas deferens

4- Lymphatic vessels

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

7- Vas deferens

6- internal cremasteric muscle

4- Lymphatic vessels

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

7- Vas deferens

3- Spermatic nerve

6- internal cremasteric muscle

4- Lymphatic vessels

5- Tunica vaginalis (visceral)

7- Vas deferens

1- Spermatic artery

2- Spermatic vein

3- Spermatic nerve

2- Spermatic vein

Stallion Ram, Buck, Bull, buffalo-bull Stallion Ram, Buck, Bull, buffalo-bull Dog, Tom-cat, Boar, CamelStallion Ram, Buck, Bull, buffalo-bull

Urethra

Urethra 1- Pelvic urethra 2- Bulb of the urethra 3- Penile urethra

Proper

pelvic

urethra

Bulb of the

urethra

rootIschiocavernosus m

Body

Pelvic urethra

Bulb of the urethra

Bulbocavernosus m

Root of the penis

Penis

Body of the penis Different tissues in the body of the penis

1-Cavernous tissue Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

2-Fibroelastic tissue Tunica albuginia of penis

Superficial longitudinal

Deep circular

Tunica albuginia of urethra

Large vein

Corpus cavernosum

Urethra

Corpus spongiosum Superficial tunica

albuginia

Deep tunica

albuginia

Penile

septum

Dorsal artery

and vein

Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum Superficial longitudinal Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

Tunica albuginia of urethra

Superficial longitudinal Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

Large vein

Corpus cavernosum

Urethra

Corpus spongiosum Superficial tunica

albuginia

Deep tunica

albuginia

Penile

septum

Dorsal artery

and vein

Tunica albuginia of urethra

Superficial longitudinal Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

Classification of the penis

Fibroelastic Musclocavernous

•Major tissue

• Increase in diameter and

length after erection

•Increase in rigidity after erection

•Time for full erection

•Presence of segmoid flexure

•Species

•Texture in non erected state

Fibroelastic Cavernous

Minor Great increase

Short Long

Present Absent

Bull, Buffalo-bull, Ram,

Buck, Camel-bull, Boar

Stallion, Tom-cat,

Dog

Firm Soft compressible

Minor Huge increase .

•Major tissue

•Texture in non erected state

• Increase in diameter and

length after erection

•Major tissue

•Texture in non erected state

•Time for full erection

• Increase in diameter and

length after erection

•Major tissue

•Texture in non erected state

•Presence of segmoid flexure

•Time for full erection

• Increase in diameter and

length after erection

•Major tissue

•Texture in non erected state

Sigmoid FlexureIt is a S shape curvature in the fiberoelastic non erected penis

Proximal cranial

convexity

Distal caudal

convexity

Post scrotal sigmoid

flexure (bull, buffalo-

bull, Ram, buck)Pre scrotal sigmoid

flexure (boar, camel-bull)

No sigmoid flexure in

musclocavernous penis

(stallion, tom-cat, dog)

Glans penis It is the most terminal part of the penis that characterized by high

number of sensory nerve ending

Glans penis

Tom-cat

DogCamel

Dog

Muscle of the penis

1- Ischo cavernosus m (erection muscle)

2- Bulbo cavernosus muscle

( ejaculation or micturation )

3- Retractor penis muscle

rootIschocavernosus m

Body

Pelvic

urethra

Bulb of the urethra

Bulbocavernosus m

Preputial

fornix

External preputial orifice

Free part of the penis

Glans penis

Preputial lining

Tuft of hair

Glans penis

Preputial lining

Tuft of hair

Prepuce

Type of the prepuce

1- Single type prepuce in all animal except the stallion

2- double prepuce in the stallion

Species specification

Bull Buffalo-bull Ram, buckBull Buffalo-bull Ram, buckBull Buffalo-bull

Camel-bull

Camel-bull

•It is a fleshy , triangular, compressed from side to side

•It present in the inguinal region with the narrow external

orifice directed back ward in the non erected state

Tom-cat

Preputial diverticulum

Boar

Presence of ovoid pouch present in

the dorsal wall of the prepuce

(preputial diverticulum)

•It is a fleshy , triangular, compressed from side to side

Presence of ovoid pouch present in

the dorsal wall of the prepuce

(preputial diverticulum)

•It present in the inguinal region with the narrow external

orifice directed back ward in the non erected state

•It is a fleshy , triangular, compressed from side to side

Presence of ovoid pouch present in

the dorsal wall of the prepuce

(preputial diverticulum)

Presence of ovoid pouch present in

the dorsal wall of the prepuce

(preputial diverticulum)

•It is a fleshy , triangular, compressed from side to side

Presence of ovoid pouch present in

the dorsal wall of the prepuce

(preputial diverticulum)

Stallion (Double prepuce)

1- Outer tube, external sheath

External tube

It open by external preputial orifice

2- Inner tube or proper sheath Internal tube

It result from double invagination of the

preputial lining inside the outer tube

Anatomical structure

External feature

• It open just in front of the scrotum (15-20 cm)

• The external orifice is wide

(6-10 cm)

External tube

Internal tube External tube

Internal tube

The accessory glands

Seminal gland

Ram

Ram

It is elongated highly lobulated

(10-15x3-5x2-3)

Similar but smaller than that of

the bull (4x2)

Larger in width and thickness 12-15x5-8x5-8

Pyramidal in shape, cover the caudal portion

of the urinary bladder

Bladder like with large central cavity

and glands in the wall

15-20x2.5-5

Dog

Camel Tom-cat

Prostate

Ram

Ram

Body of prostate

Body appear as elongate transverse ridge

on the dorsal surface of the pelvic urethra

at the neck or UB (3x1x1)

No body

Tom-cat Dog

Body (two lateral lobes connected by

transverse isthmus (5-9x2.5-6)

No internal part

Similar to the dog but not cover the

ventral surface of the urethra

No internal part

Body is well developed completely surround

the pelvic urethra at the neck of U.B.

No internal part

Camel

Bulbouretheral gland

Ram

Ram

It is ovoid in shape about 2-3 cm

in diameter

Relatively large (0.5-1cm)

Tom-cat Dog

Larger than bull (2.5-5 cm)

Absent

It is large, cylindrical in shape

12-18x2.5-4 cm

small

Camel