Female Reproduction & Birth Control. Female Reproductive Tract External genitalia Internal...
-
Upload
shonda-armstrong -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Female Reproduction & Birth Control. Female Reproductive Tract External genitalia Internal...
Female Reproduction&
Birth Control
Female Reproductive Tract
External genitaliaInternal reproductive organs
Ovarian cells stimulated
Overview
Pituitary Hormones
Ovarian cycle
Ovarian hormone
Uterine lining
Body temp.
Hormones and Menstrual Cycle
Ovulation and LH Surge
Types of Birth Controls
AbstinenceHormonal methodsPrevention of implantationBarrier methods
Oral Contraceptives
Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives: are bases on the fact that estrogen and progesterone can inhibit GnRH.
Types of oral contraceptives Combination of:
synthetic progestins and estrogens
Minipill: contains only progesterone-like substances
Disadvantages:Oral Contraceptives Controversy:
associated with BRCA
Does NOT protect against STD’s
mammogram
Norplant and Depo-Provera
Norplant:
implanted beneath the skin lasts 5 year, progesterone-like
steroids
Intramuscular injection
of progesterone like substance every 3 months
Disadvantages of Norplant and Depro-Provera
Norplant:
leads also to prolonged menstruation, headaches and mood changes
Depo-Porvera:
Menstrual irregularities, possibly increased risk of osteoporesis and BRCA
RU 486: within 72 hours of intercourse
Has antiprogesterone activity
RU 486 is followed by prostaglandin derivative
Endometrium erodes and contraction of myometrium
Plan B
Plan B® is an emergency contraceptive that can still prevent a pregnancy after contraceptive failure or unprotected sex.
Plan B® should be taken within 3 days (72 hours) of unprotected sex and can reduce the risk of pregnancy by 89%. But the sooner you take it the more effective it will be.
Plan B® is not RU-486 (the abortion pill); it will not work if you are already pregnant.
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Acts prior to fertilization
Interferes with implantation
Condoms
Advantage protects against STD’s
Female condom polyurethane
Latex
Vaginal Sponge
May be inserted as much as 24 hrs before intercourse
May irritate vaginal lining
May fragment
Diaphragms and Cervical Caps
Sterilization
Vasectomy
Tubal Ligation
Female Reproduction
And Pregnancy
Fertilization
An egg can be fertilized for 12-24 hours after ovulation
Sperm can be viable for 4-6 days
Approximately 1 minute after intercourse sperm are in uterus
Implantation occurs at
About 7 days after ovulation
“dialogue” between the endomentrium and blastocyst
Placenta is required after a few weeks for nutrients
Fetal side of placenta
Birth Defects can be caused by
Teratogens Alcohol Drugs
Products of smoking
Poor nutrition
Hormonal Changes and Pregnancy Throughout pregnancy estrogen and progesterone are high
Estrogen stimulates growth of uterine muscle mass
Progesterone inhibits uterine movement
Pregnancy Sickness
May have hormonal link
Possible due to increases in estrogen and progesterone
Parturition or Delivery
Cervical stretch
Oxytocin
Prostanglandins