Post on 23-Feb-2022
For office use only
Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of
Sarole, Tal. Mohol,
Dist. Solapur
Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol
Solapur - 413213, M.S.
2012-13
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL
CONTENTS
Sr. No. Content
1 Introduction
2 Bench mark survey
Climate and Land Holding Pattern
Soil and water conservation structures
Irrigation/ water Source
Natural Vegetation
Cropping Pattern
3 PRA
Village map
Social map
Soil Map and Village Transect
Time line
Trend analysis
Matrix ranking
Venn diagram
List Of Participated Farmers in PRA
4 SWOT and POIN Analysis
5 Seasonability
6 Major Cropping Pattern
7 Major Problem Identified
8 Problem Cause Diagram
9 Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development
10 PRA photo
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol
Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012
Sarole 1. Introduction:
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol undertaken the Participatory Rural Appraisal Survey
of Sarole village for identifying the needs, problems, present agriculture situation and
basic information about village.
KVK performing various crop production techniques, training programmes, crop
demonstrations, on farm trials and organizes various programmes for practicing farmers,
rural youth, farm women for increasing crop production and self-employment generation.
KVK also providing various inputs and services to farmers such as Soil, Water, Plant,
Fertilizers Testing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides, Vermicompost, Vermiwash at
reasonable rate.
Village Sarole comes in Tal. Mohol situated near Mohol to Pandharpur State highway. It is 15 Km away from KVK, Mohol. Village Sarole comes under scarcity zone with having average annual rainfall 537 mm. Major crops includes maize, wheat, sugarcane, tomato, chilli, brinjal and leafy vegetables. Facilitators: 1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Dr. N.S. Deshmukh 3 Dr. P. G. Chavan 4 Shri. A. G. Dighe 5 Smt. K. A. Jadhav 6 Shri. D. N. Kshirsagar 7 Shri. T. P. Ahire 8 Ms. S. B. Kakade
2. Bench mark survey of Sarole 2.1 Climate:
The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts
from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long
dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.
Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm
Period June to Oct
Temperature Maximum 40.40c
Minimum 120c
Distribution:
Month Temperature
(OC) Humidity
(%) Rainfall (mm)
Maxi Min Morning Evening
Jan 31.1 9.9 58 34 0
Feb 33.2 14.2 64 60 0.2
Mar 37.3 17.8 55 47 0.2
Apr 38.7 21.7 62 36 25.6
May 38.5 23.6 69 36 57.0
Jun 35.5 15.2 74 48 21.8
July 31.6 22.7 79 55 126.4
Aug 31.5 21.9 83 56 257.2
Sept 32.1 21.2 79 52 49.0
Oct 32.2 20.5 NA NA 35.4
Nov 31.9 20.7 NA NA 4.2
Dec 30.9 14.8 76 NA 0
Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2011
2.2 A. Geographical area: 1340.76 ha
Irrigated area : 378.60 ha
Rainfed area : 254.34
Barren land : 377.24 ha
Pasture land : 17.77 ha
Waste land : 95.16 ha
Village land : 3.46 ha
Water reservier : 31.70 ha
Road : 17.24 ha
Other : 165.29 ha
2.3 Soil and Water conservation structures:
Cement Plug
Nala Bund
Earthen Bund
Check Dam
Farm Pond
2.4 Irrigation/water source facilities:
Well : 178
Bore well : 152
Farm Pond
Nala Bunding
Cement Plug
:
:
:
04
76
05
Hand Pump : 08
Check Dam : 01
2.5 Natural vegetation:
Trees : Neem, Babhul, Tamarind etc.
Shrubs : Euphorbia spp., Cassia, Tarota, Beshram etc.
Weeds /floara : Parthenium, Cocks comb, Harali, kena, lavala, Tantani etc.
2.6 Cropping pattern:
3. PRA at Sarole, Tal Mohol, Dist. Solapur
The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking
3.1 Village map
The village map of the Sarole was collected from Talathi Office, Sarole.
Season Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder
crop
Kharif Maize Pigeon Pea,
Groundnut Pomegranate
Banana,
Lime
Onion, Tomato,
Brinjal, Okra,
Chilli, Ridge
gourd and leafy
Vegetables
Maize,
Rabi Sorghum,
Wheat
Maize
Gram - Sorghum,
Maize
Summer Maize - Groundnut Maize,
Annual Sugarcane Ginni
3.2 Social map of Sarole village:
1. Population : 1439
2.Educational facilities
Nursery/ Anganwadi : 03
Primary School : 01
Secondary School : 01
Higher Secondary : Pokharapur (10 Km away from Sarole)
Senior College : Pokharapur (10 Km away from Sarole
3.Drinking water availability : Well- 02, Hand pump- 16
4.Temple : Siddheshwar Temple
5.Material availability in the village
a. Grocery : 08
b. Seeds/ Fertilizers/ Insecticides and fungicides
Krishi Seva Kendra : 01
6.Farm implements
1.Tractor : 06 2.Seed Drill : 04
3.Thresher : 03 4.Sprayer (Manual) : 127
5.Sprayer (Engine) : 09 6. Rotavator : 06
7.Medical facilities
Name of institute /organization In Village Nearby Village Distance from Village
a.Primary Health Center Nil Pokharapur 10 km
b. b.Veterinary Health Center Nil Penur 5 km
8.Marketing facility
Sr. No Market place Distance
1 APMC, Mohol : 15km
2 APMC, Solapur : 50 km
9.Availability of technology/ knowledge source
a. Information regarding agricultural
practices
: 1. ZARS, Solapur. 2. ARS, Mohol. 3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol. 4. News Paper, Agrowan, Television.
10. Dairy Facillities
a. In Village/ Nearby Village
b. Tehsil/District
Tungat 4 Km
Mohol 15 Km
11. Self help groups : 10
3.3 Soil Map of village Sarole:
Soil map indicating type of soils structures available in village.
Soil Map of village Sarole
3.4 Transect of village Sarole:
The transect walk was carried out with the help of villagers. The availability of
various components was collected by observatory method in the village like soil, crops,
trees, shrubs, weeds and animals.
Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 %
Slope 2 to 3 %
Slightly sloppy 2 to 4%
Soil type Heavy soil Light to medium
Light soil Shallow
Irrigation source
Well, Borewell
Well, Borewell
Borewell Well
Borewell
Crops and Cropping system
Maize, Sugarcane, Groundnut Pigeonpea, Wheat
Sorghum, Maize, Pigeonpea, Wheat, Gram
Maize, Sorghum, Gram
Sorghum,
Trees
Neem, Acasia
Neem, Acasia, Tamarind
Neem, Tamarind, Acacia
Neem, Acacia
Fruit trees Mango, Ber, Banana
Ber, Mango, Lime
Ber, Lime, Pomegranate
Pomegranate, Ber
Weeds
Parthenium, Harali, lavala
Ephorbia species, Harali, Parthenium
Cocks comb, Kena Parthenium
Cock comb, Parthenium, Kena.
Vegetables Onion, Brinjal, Leafy vegetable
Tomato, Chilli, Leafy vegetable
Tomato, Chilli
Tomato
Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, HF Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry birds Deshi
3.5 Time line:-
The major event remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key
informants.
Year Major events 1950 Z. P. Primary School 1956 Electricity 1956 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 1959 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1970 Nala Bund 1972 Famine 1972 Percolation Tank 1973 Biogas 1974 Bicycle 1974 Crossbreed Cow 1978 Radio
1980-81 Farm Pond 1982-83 Hand Pump
1984 Television 1985 Motorcycle 1994 Earth Quake 1994 Pest Occurrence on Sunflower 1995 Use of Improved seed 1995 Thresher 1995 Chemical Fertilizer
1995-96 Drip irrigation 1997 Telephone 1998 Agril. Service Center 2000 Tractor
2000-2003 Disease on goat 2003 Cement Plug 2003 Mobiles 2004 Self Help Groups 2009 Solar Energy
3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern, area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA.
Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Rainfall ***** **** **** ** *** **** ***
Kharif cropping area 0000 0000 000 000 0000 0000 000
Rabi cropping area ##### #### ### ### #### #### ####
Horticultural Crops - - + + ++ +++ +++
Tomato - - ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^
Pomegranate - - - - - vv vvv
Chilli OO OO OOO OO OO OOO OOOO
Brinjal - > >> >> >>> >>> >>>
Area under various crops
Sugarcane - - $ $$ $$ $$$ $$$$
Rabi Sorghum @@@@ @@@@ @@@ @@@ @@ @@ @@
Maize - - - X XX XX XXX
Attack of Insect Pest - - ! ! !! !!! !!!
Livestock
Cow
Desi - AA AAA AA AAA AA AA
Crossbreed - - - < < << <<<
Buffalo
Pandharpuri - B B BB BB B BB
3.7 Matrix ranking:
The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in
respect of various crops, varieties is given below.
1. Matrix ranking of crops:
Sr. No.
Particulars/ Crop
Cereal Pulses Oilseed Vegetable Cash crop Fruit crop
1 Food 5 3 3 4 2 2 2 Fodder 5 3 2 2 2 0 3 Expenditure
on fertilizers 5 4 4 3 3 2
4 Market price 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 Income 2 3 3 4 5 4
Rank I IV IV II III V It is observed that cash crop is major crop followed by cereal.
2. Matrix ranking of Sugarcane:
Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties 671 86032 1 Availability of planting material 4 5 2 Crop duration 4 4 3 Expenditure on fertilizers 3 4 4 Ratoon Yield 3 5 5 Higher yield 3 5
Rank II I
3. Matrix ranking of maize:
Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties Kaveri Pinacal 900 M 1 Grain yield 4 3 3 2 Fodder yield 5 3 3 3 Drought resistant 4 5 3 4 Fodder quality 4 4 3 5 Market price 3 4 2
Rank I II III
4. Matrix ranking of rabi sorghum
Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Maldandi Local Phule Yashoda
1 Grain yield 5 3 5 2 Fodder yield 5 3 4 3 Grain quality 4 3 5 4 Fodder quality 5 3 4
5 Pests and disease resistant
3 2 4
6 Market price 3 2 4 Rank II III I
5. Matrix ranking of Tomato
Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties 501 Abhinav Laxmi 5005 1 Plant growth 4 5 4 2 Fruit quality 3 5 3
3 Disease and pest resistant
4 5 4
4 Yield 3 4 3
5 Keeping quality for distance market
4 4 3
Rank II I III
6. Matrix ranking of Chilli
Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Garima Sitara 1 Plant growth 4 4 2 Fruit size 3 5
3 Disease and pest resistant 3 4
4 Yield 3 5 Rank II I
7. Matrix ranking of Brinjal
Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Mahyco Mangeri 1 Plant growth 4 5 2 Fruit quality 4 4 3 Disease and pest resistant 3 4 4 Yield 4 5
Rank II I
3.8 Venn diagram:
The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and
cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers.
This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside
the village with regard to a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various
organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and
distance from the centre.
3.9 Farmers participated in PRA:
Haridas Anna Pathrut Mayur Jalindhar Shinde Ganesh Rajmane Hanumant Uttareshwar Mujmale Siddeshwar Shanker Mokle Nagnath Dilip Jathar Nagnath Eknath Londe Ganesh Madhukar Bhokre Vivek Nanasaheb Bange Jivandhar Sarangdhar Shingade Bharat Dagdu Rajmane Shridhar Suryabhan Karade Gajendra Sarangdhar Shingade Nagnath Dhondiba Shinde Panjab Kondiba Shingade Navnath Vishwanath Kumbhar Rajendra Pandurang Shinde Namdeo Bhimrao Shelke Vikas Vitthal Shelke Baliram Shrimant Shingade Brahmdeo Bapu Jagtap Popat Daji Karande Prabhakar Vishwanath Bhosale Dattatray Anna Pathrut Shamrao Bhanudas Kale
VENN DIAGRAM OF VILLAGE, Sarole , Tal. Mohol , Dist. Solapur
Village Sarole Tal. Mohol
Talathi
Office
Veternary Clinic ,
Sugar Factory, Takli
Krishi Seva
Kendra
PHC Pokharapur
GramPanchayt
APMC
Mohol
15km
10km
10km
5km
Penur
4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats Strength:
1. Soil and climate suitable for agronomical crops. 2. Maximum number of soil and water conservation structures. 3. Availability of farm implements. 4. Availability of organic waste. 5. Soil is best suitable for fruit crops. 6. Village nearest to state highway. 7. Improved cattle breed present in village. 8. Greater participation of farmers in social activities. 9. Positive attitude towards dairy enterprise. 10. Maximum numbers of self help groups in village.
Weaknesses:
1. Imbalance use of fertilizers. 2. Unawareness about improved cultivation practices. 3. Less knowledge about integrated pest and disease management in fruit crop. 4. Less area under fruit crops. 5. Use of local variety. 6. Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management to livestock. 7. Unawareness about scientific health management. 8. Lack of knowledge about Integrated Nutrient Management. 9. Insufficient source of irrigation facilities.
Opportunities:
1. Scope for introducing diversified farming system. 2. Scope for increasing area under pulses and oilseed crops. 3. Scope for introducing fruit crops. 4. Well drain soil for plantation of fruit crops. 5. Scope for increasing milk production. 6. Greater participation of people helpful for adoption of new agricultural technologies. 7. Maize grain use in making complete feed for livestock. 8. Scope for agro based food processing.
Threats:
1. Uncertainty of rainfall. 2. Monocropping. 3. Imbalance uses of fertilizer lead to degradation of soil health. 4. Depleting of ground water table.
4.2 POIN analysis
Sr.No.
Problem Opportunity Issues Needs
1 Unawareness about dry land technologies
Upgradation of dry land technologies.
Use of local varieties Traditional farming approach.
Training, Group discussion, Kisan mela.
2 Weak linkages with organization of farmer
Enhancing linkages Lack of knowledge about sources
Promote SHG, Farmers club
3 Low milk yield Enhancing linkages Lack of knowledge about scientific breeding, feeding management
Provide balance diet to livestock
4 Unawareness about processing of food
Scope for establishment of agro based Small scale Industry
Lack of knowledge about processing, No risk bearing ability.
Organize training, Exposure visits
5 Monocropping Incorporation of intercrop.
Unawareness about cropping system
Crop rotation, Intercropping.
6 Less participation of farm women in decision making
Increasing involvement of farm women in decision making
Illiteracy, Traditional culture
Literacy, Formation of SHG.
7 Lack of knowledge about pest and disease management
Awareness about resistant varieties IPM practices
Traditional farming system, Unawareness about use of pesticides and fungicides.
Training, Demonstrations, Literature
8 Indiscriminate use of fertilizer
Balance use of fertilizers.
Excess use of chemical fertilizer.
INM, Use of biofertilizers
5.1 Seasonability of weather:
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall - - - - - *** **** ***** ***** *** ** -
Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** *
Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***
5.2 Seasonability of crop:
Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Sugarcane
Maize
Sorghum
Tomato
Chilli
Brinjal
Leafy
Vegetables
5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases:
Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
H.S
FMD
Diarrhoea
5.4 Seasonability of pest and disease:
Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Sugarcane
(Adasali)
Sorghum
Brinjal
Wooly Aphid
Top Shoot Borer
Red rot
Shoot Fly
Chikta
Top shoot borer
Chilli
Tomato
6. Major cropping pattern:
1. Sugarcane based production system 2. Dairy based production system 3. Maize based production system
7. Major problems identified in village: A. Agronomy
1. Monoculture cropping system.
2. Use of local varieties.
3. Indiscriminate use of fertilizers.
4. Less use of biofertilizers.
5. Lack of knowledge about INM.
6. Improper sowing method.
7. Lack of seed treatment.
B. Horticulture
1. Oily spot in pomegranate.
2. Unawareness about INM in fruit crop.
3. Indiscriminate use of insecticide, pesticides and fertilizers.
4. Improper post harvest management practices.
C. Livestock
1. Low milk yield.
2. Imbalance feeding management.
3. Unawareness about mineral mixture feeding.
4. Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of green fodder crops and its
management.
5. Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.
Leaf curl
Thrips
Fruit borer
Wilt
Fruit borer
Wilt
D. Soil Science
1. Less use of soil conservation practices.
2. Unawareness about soil testing.
E. Food science and technology 1. Lack of knowledge about post harvest handling and storage practices of Agril.
Produce.
2. Unawareness about processing of Agril. Produce.
3. Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition to fruit and
vegetables.
4. Low risk bearing ability for establishment of agro based enterprise.
F. Agriculture Extension
1. Technical gap among the farmers.
2. Less participation of youth and women in social activities.
3. Less awareness about mass media
5. Traditional attitude towards agriculture.
8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:
Lack of knowledge Unawareness Lack of knowledge
about INM practices.
Lack of knowledge
and unavailability
b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Maize:
Lack of knowledge
Lack of diversified
farming system
approach
Improper plant
spacing
Lack of knowledge
Poor economic status
Low yield in
sugarcane
Traditional planting method
Unavailability of planting material
Low yield in ratoon
Lack of set treatment and less use of biofertilizers
Low yield in Maize
Monoculture
Uneven plant population
Inadequate nutrient supply
Use of local variety
c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Tomato:
Lack of seeding
treatement
Lack of knowledge
Lack of knowledge
Less use of
micronutrient
lack of integrated
Water Management
d. Problem Cause Diagram for low yield in Brinjal:
Improper application
of chemical pesticides No seedling
treatment
Lack of knowledge/ unavailability
Lack of knowledge
Shortage of labour at peak period
Low Yield in Tomato
Imbalance use of fertilizers
Use of local variety
Occurrence of pest and disease
Micronutrient deficiency
Low Yield in Brinjal
Incidence of Pest and Disease
No use of pest monitoring device
Imbalance use of fertilizers
Occurrence of fruit borer
High weed intensity
Improper irrigation
e. Problem cause diagram of low milk yield:
Lack of knowledge
Unawareness
about balance feeding
Area under
Scarcity zone
Lack of knowledge
Unawareness about
Importance of mineral
mixture
Lack of knowledge about
Scientific feeding
management
Low milk
yield
Imbalance feeding to cattle
Scarcity of green fodder during summer
Deficiency of mineral mixture
Improper feeding management
Improper health management
Improper breeding management
9. Farmers – scientist’s interaction for action plan development:
The KVK scientists interacted with the farmers by grouping of farmers which
represent crop component, animal component, horticulture, soil component and discuss
with farmers in relation to their problems, constraints and their needs. During this session
large number of farmers participated in group discussion, youth also participated
enthusiastically. While interaction with farmers raised some points which are given below.
Points raised by the farmers:-
Crop Management:
Lack of awareness about improved dry land technologies.
Need to improve the grain and fodder quality of rabi sorghum by incorporating
improved varieties.
Lack of knowledge about soil and water conservation practices.
Lack of knowledge about diversified farming approach.
Introduction of improved varieties of pulses and oilseed.
Need to introduce scientific planting methods of sugarcane.
Horticultural Crops:
Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of fruits and vegetables.
Lack of knowledge about scientific package of practices in vegetables and fruit crops.
Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides in vegetables and fruit crops
Lack of knowledge about INM practices in fruit crops.
Lack of awareness about grading packaging and processing fruit and vegetables.
Animal Component / Livestock:-
Scarcity of green fodder during summer season.
Low milk yield.
Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management.
Unaware about importance of mineral mixture feeding to livestock.
Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.
Soil:-
Imbalance use of fertilizers.
Unawareness about INM practices.
Lack of knowledge about importance of soil sampling and soil testing.
Agricultural Extension:-
Less participation of youth and woman in social activities.
Less awareness about mass media.
Technical gaps among the farming community
Food science and Technology:-
Lack of knowledge about food processing.
Unawareness about grading, packaging and standardization of food.
Less awareness about post harvest technology.
Lack of knowledge about marketing channel and linkages for selling agricultural
commodities.
10. PRA photos: