For office use only

Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of

Sarole, Tal. Mohol,

Dist. Solapur

Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Solapur - 413213, M.S.

2012-13

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Content

1 Introduction

2 Bench mark survey

Climate and Land Holding Pattern

Soil and water conservation structures

Irrigation/ water Source

Natural Vegetation

Cropping Pattern

3 PRA

Village map

Social map

Soil Map and Village Transect

Time line

Trend analysis

Matrix ranking

Venn diagram

List Of Participated Farmers in PRA

4 SWOT and POIN Analysis

5 Seasonability

6 Major Cropping Pattern

7 Major Problem Identified

8 Problem Cause Diagram

9 Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development

10 PRA photo

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012

Sarole 1. Introduction:

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol undertaken the Participatory Rural Appraisal Survey

of Sarole village for identifying the needs, problems, present agriculture situation and

basic information about village.

KVK performing various crop production techniques, training programmes, crop

demonstrations, on farm trials and organizes various programmes for practicing farmers,

rural youth, farm women for increasing crop production and self-employment generation.

KVK also providing various inputs and services to farmers such as Soil, Water, Plant,

Fertilizers Testing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides, Vermicompost, Vermiwash at

reasonable rate.

Village Sarole comes in Tal. Mohol situated near Mohol to Pandharpur State highway. It is 15 Km away from KVK, Mohol. Village Sarole comes under scarcity zone with having average annual rainfall 537 mm. Major crops includes maize, wheat, sugarcane, tomato, chilli, brinjal and leafy vegetables. Facilitators: 1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Dr. N.S. Deshmukh 3 Dr. P. G. Chavan 4 Shri. A. G. Dighe 5 Smt. K. A. Jadhav 6 Shri. D. N. Kshirsagar 7 Shri. T. P. Ahire 8 Ms. S. B. Kakade

2. Bench mark survey of Sarole 2.1 Climate:

The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts

from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long

dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.

Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm

Period June to Oct

Temperature Maximum 40.40c

Minimum 120c

Distribution:

Month Temperature

(OC) Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Maxi Min Morning Evening

Jan 31.1 9.9 58 34 0

Feb 33.2 14.2 64 60 0.2

Mar 37.3 17.8 55 47 0.2

Apr 38.7 21.7 62 36 25.6

May 38.5 23.6 69 36 57.0

Jun 35.5 15.2 74 48 21.8

July 31.6 22.7 79 55 126.4

Aug 31.5 21.9 83 56 257.2

Sept 32.1 21.2 79 52 49.0

Oct 32.2 20.5 NA NA 35.4

Nov 31.9 20.7 NA NA 4.2

Dec 30.9 14.8 76 NA 0

Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2011

2.2 A. Geographical area: 1340.76 ha

Irrigated area : 378.60 ha

Rainfed area : 254.34

Barren land : 377.24 ha

Pasture land : 17.77 ha

Waste land : 95.16 ha

Village land : 3.46 ha

Water reservier : 31.70 ha

Road : 17.24 ha

Other : 165.29 ha

2.3 Soil and Water conservation structures:

Cement Plug

Nala Bund

Earthen Bund

Check Dam

Farm Pond

2.4 Irrigation/water source facilities:

Well : 178

Bore well : 152

Farm Pond

Nala Bunding

Cement Plug

:

:

:

04

76

05

Hand Pump : 08

Check Dam : 01

2.5 Natural vegetation:

Trees : Neem, Babhul, Tamarind etc.

Shrubs : Euphorbia spp., Cassia, Tarota, Beshram etc.

Weeds /floara : Parthenium, Cocks comb, Harali, kena, lavala, Tantani etc.

2.6 Cropping pattern:

3. PRA at Sarole, Tal Mohol, Dist. Solapur

The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking

3.1 Village map

The village map of the Sarole was collected from Talathi Office, Sarole.

Season Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder

crop

Kharif Maize Pigeon Pea,

Groundnut Pomegranate

Banana,

Lime

Onion, Tomato,

Brinjal, Okra,

Chilli, Ridge

gourd and leafy

Vegetables

Maize,

Rabi Sorghum,

Wheat

Maize

Gram - Sorghum,

Maize

Summer Maize - Groundnut Maize,

Annual Sugarcane Ginni

3.2 Social map of Sarole village:

1. Population : 1439

2.Educational facilities

Nursery/ Anganwadi : 03

Primary School : 01

Secondary School : 01

Higher Secondary : Pokharapur (10 Km away from Sarole)

Senior College : Pokharapur (10 Km away from Sarole

3.Drinking water availability : Well- 02, Hand pump- 16

4.Temple : Siddheshwar Temple

5.Material availability in the village

a. Grocery : 08

b. Seeds/ Fertilizers/ Insecticides and fungicides

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

6.Farm implements

1.Tractor : 06 2.Seed Drill : 04

3.Thresher : 03 4.Sprayer (Manual) : 127

5.Sprayer (Engine) : 09 6. Rotavator : 06

7.Medical facilities

Name of institute /organization In Village Nearby Village Distance from Village

a.Primary Health Center Nil Pokharapur 10 km

b. b.Veterinary Health Center Nil Penur 5 km

8.Marketing facility

Sr. No Market place Distance

1 APMC, Mohol : 15km

2 APMC, Solapur : 50 km

9.Availability of technology/ knowledge source

a. Information regarding agricultural

practices

: 1. ZARS, Solapur. 2. ARS, Mohol. 3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol. 4. News Paper, Agrowan, Television.

10. Dairy Facillities

a. In Village/ Nearby Village

b. Tehsil/District

Tungat 4 Km

Mohol 15 Km

11. Self help groups : 10

3.3 Soil Map of village Sarole:

Soil map indicating type of soils structures available in village.

Soil Map of village Sarole

3.4 Transect of village Sarole:

The transect walk was carried out with the help of villagers. The availability of

various components was collected by observatory method in the village like soil, crops,

trees, shrubs, weeds and animals.

Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 %

Slope 2 to 3 %

Slightly sloppy 2 to 4%

Soil type Heavy soil Light to medium

Light soil Shallow

Irrigation source

Well, Borewell

Well, Borewell

Borewell Well

Borewell

Crops and Cropping system

Maize, Sugarcane, Groundnut Pigeonpea, Wheat

Sorghum, Maize, Pigeonpea, Wheat, Gram

Maize, Sorghum, Gram

Sorghum,

Trees

Neem, Acasia

Neem, Acasia, Tamarind

Neem, Tamarind, Acacia

Neem, Acacia

Fruit trees Mango, Ber, Banana

Ber, Mango, Lime

Ber, Lime, Pomegranate

Pomegranate, Ber

Weeds

Parthenium, Harali, lavala

Ephorbia species, Harali, Parthenium

Cocks comb, Kena Parthenium

Cock comb, Parthenium, Kena.

Vegetables Onion, Brinjal, Leafy vegetable

Tomato, Chilli, Leafy vegetable

Tomato, Chilli

Tomato

Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, HF Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry birds Deshi

3.5 Time line:-

The major event remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key

informants.

Year Major events 1950 Z. P. Primary School 1956 Electricity 1956 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 1959 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1970 Nala Bund 1972 Famine 1972 Percolation Tank 1973 Biogas 1974 Bicycle 1974 Crossbreed Cow 1978 Radio

1980-81 Farm Pond 1982-83 Hand Pump

1984 Television 1985 Motorcycle 1994 Earth Quake 1994 Pest Occurrence on Sunflower 1995 Use of Improved seed 1995 Thresher 1995 Chemical Fertilizer

1995-96 Drip irrigation 1997 Telephone 1998 Agril. Service Center 2000 Tractor

2000-2003 Disease on goat 2003 Cement Plug 2003 Mobiles 2004 Self Help Groups 2009 Solar Energy

3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern, area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA.

Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Rainfall ***** **** **** ** *** **** ***

Kharif cropping area 0000 0000 000 000 0000 0000 000

Rabi cropping area ##### #### ### ### #### #### ####

Horticultural Crops - - + + ++ +++ +++

Tomato - - ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^

Pomegranate - - - - - vv vvv

Chilli OO OO OOO OO OO OOO OOOO

Brinjal - > >> >> >>> >>> >>>

Area under various crops

Sugarcane - - $ $$ $$ $$$ $$$$

Rabi Sorghum @@@@ @@@@ @@@ @@@ @@ @@ @@

Maize - - - X XX XX XXX

Attack of Insect Pest - - ! ! !! !!! !!!

Livestock

Cow

Desi - AA AAA AA AAA AA AA

Crossbreed - - - < < << <<<

Buffalo

Pandharpuri - B B BB BB B BB

3.7 Matrix ranking:

The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in

respect of various crops, varieties is given below.

1. Matrix ranking of crops:

Sr. No.

Particulars/ Crop

Cereal Pulses Oilseed Vegetable Cash crop Fruit crop

1 Food 5 3 3 4 2 2 2 Fodder 5 3 2 2 2 0 3 Expenditure

on fertilizers 5 4 4 3 3 2

4 Market price 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 Income 2 3 3 4 5 4

Rank I IV IV II III V It is observed that cash crop is major crop followed by cereal.

2. Matrix ranking of Sugarcane:

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties 671 86032 1 Availability of planting material 4 5 2 Crop duration 4 4 3 Expenditure on fertilizers 3 4 4 Ratoon Yield 3 5 5 Higher yield 3 5

Rank II I

3. Matrix ranking of maize:

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties Kaveri Pinacal 900 M 1 Grain yield 4 3 3 2 Fodder yield 5 3 3 3 Drought resistant 4 5 3 4 Fodder quality 4 4 3 5 Market price 3 4 2

Rank I II III

4. Matrix ranking of rabi sorghum

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Maldandi Local Phule Yashoda

1 Grain yield 5 3 5 2 Fodder yield 5 3 4 3 Grain quality 4 3 5 4 Fodder quality 5 3 4

5 Pests and disease resistant

3 2 4

6 Market price 3 2 4 Rank II III I

5. Matrix ranking of Tomato

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties 501 Abhinav Laxmi 5005 1 Plant growth 4 5 4 2 Fruit quality 3 5 3

3 Disease and pest resistant

4 5 4

4 Yield 3 4 3

5 Keeping quality for distance market

4 4 3

Rank II I III

6. Matrix ranking of Chilli

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Garima Sitara 1 Plant growth 4 4 2 Fruit size 3 5

3 Disease and pest resistant 3 4

4 Yield 3 5 Rank II I

7. Matrix ranking of Brinjal

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Mahyco Mangeri 1 Plant growth 4 5 2 Fruit quality 4 4 3 Disease and pest resistant 3 4 4 Yield 4 5

Rank II I

3.8 Venn diagram:

The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and

cooperation between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers.

This indicates the importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside

the village with regard to a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various

organizations/ individuals for a phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and

distance from the centre.

3.9 Farmers participated in PRA:

Haridas Anna Pathrut Mayur Jalindhar Shinde Ganesh Rajmane Hanumant Uttareshwar Mujmale Siddeshwar Shanker Mokle Nagnath Dilip Jathar Nagnath Eknath Londe Ganesh Madhukar Bhokre Vivek Nanasaheb Bange Jivandhar Sarangdhar Shingade Bharat Dagdu Rajmane Shridhar Suryabhan Karade Gajendra Sarangdhar Shingade Nagnath Dhondiba Shinde Panjab Kondiba Shingade Navnath Vishwanath Kumbhar Rajendra Pandurang Shinde Namdeo Bhimrao Shelke Vikas Vitthal Shelke Baliram Shrimant Shingade Brahmdeo Bapu Jagtap Popat Daji Karande Prabhakar Vishwanath Bhosale Dattatray Anna Pathrut Shamrao Bhanudas Kale

VENN DIAGRAM OF VILLAGE, Sarole , Tal. Mohol , Dist. Solapur

Village Sarole Tal. Mohol

Talathi

Office

Veternary Clinic ,

Sugar Factory, Takli

Krishi Seva

Kendra

PHC Pokharapur

GramPanchayt

APMC

Mohol

15km

10km

10km

5km

Penur

4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats Strength:

1. Soil and climate suitable for agronomical crops. 2. Maximum number of soil and water conservation structures. 3. Availability of farm implements. 4. Availability of organic waste. 5. Soil is best suitable for fruit crops. 6. Village nearest to state highway. 7. Improved cattle breed present in village. 8. Greater participation of farmers in social activities. 9. Positive attitude towards dairy enterprise. 10. Maximum numbers of self help groups in village.

Weaknesses:

1. Imbalance use of fertilizers. 2. Unawareness about improved cultivation practices. 3. Less knowledge about integrated pest and disease management in fruit crop. 4. Less area under fruit crops. 5. Use of local variety. 6. Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management to livestock. 7. Unawareness about scientific health management. 8. Lack of knowledge about Integrated Nutrient Management. 9. Insufficient source of irrigation facilities.

Opportunities:

1. Scope for introducing diversified farming system. 2. Scope for increasing area under pulses and oilseed crops. 3. Scope for introducing fruit crops. 4. Well drain soil for plantation of fruit crops. 5. Scope for increasing milk production. 6. Greater participation of people helpful for adoption of new agricultural technologies. 7. Maize grain use in making complete feed for livestock. 8. Scope for agro based food processing.

Threats:

1. Uncertainty of rainfall. 2. Monocropping. 3. Imbalance uses of fertilizer lead to degradation of soil health. 4. Depleting of ground water table.

4.2 POIN analysis

Sr.No.

Problem Opportunity Issues Needs

1 Unawareness about dry land technologies

Upgradation of dry land technologies.

Use of local varieties Traditional farming approach.

Training, Group discussion, Kisan mela.

2 Weak linkages with organization of farmer

Enhancing linkages Lack of knowledge about sources

Promote SHG, Farmers club

3 Low milk yield Enhancing linkages Lack of knowledge about scientific breeding, feeding management

Provide balance diet to livestock

4 Unawareness about processing of food

Scope for establishment of agro based Small scale Industry

Lack of knowledge about processing, No risk bearing ability.

Organize training, Exposure visits

5 Monocropping Incorporation of intercrop.

Unawareness about cropping system

Crop rotation, Intercropping.

6 Less participation of farm women in decision making

Increasing involvement of farm women in decision making

Illiteracy, Traditional culture

Literacy, Formation of SHG.

7 Lack of knowledge about pest and disease management

Awareness about resistant varieties IPM practices

Traditional farming system, Unawareness about use of pesticides and fungicides.

Training, Demonstrations, Literature

8 Indiscriminate use of fertilizer

Balance use of fertilizers.

Excess use of chemical fertilizer.

INM, Use of biofertilizers

5.1 Seasonability of weather:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall - - - - - *** **** ***** ***** *** ** -

Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** *

Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***

5.2 Seasonability of crop:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

Maize

Sorghum

Tomato

Chilli

Brinjal

Leafy

Vegetables

5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases:

Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

H.S

FMD

Diarrhoea

5.4 Seasonability of pest and disease:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

(Adasali)

Sorghum

Brinjal

Wooly Aphid

Top Shoot Borer

Red rot

Shoot Fly

Chikta

Top shoot borer

Chilli

Tomato

6. Major cropping pattern:

1. Sugarcane based production system 2. Dairy based production system 3. Maize based production system

7. Major problems identified in village: A. Agronomy

1. Monoculture cropping system.

2. Use of local varieties.

3. Indiscriminate use of fertilizers.

4. Less use of biofertilizers.

5. Lack of knowledge about INM.

6. Improper sowing method.

7. Lack of seed treatment.

B. Horticulture

1. Oily spot in pomegranate.

2. Unawareness about INM in fruit crop.

3. Indiscriminate use of insecticide, pesticides and fertilizers.

4. Improper post harvest management practices.

C. Livestock

1. Low milk yield.

2. Imbalance feeding management.

3. Unawareness about mineral mixture feeding.

4. Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of green fodder crops and its

management.

5. Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.

Leaf curl

Thrips

Fruit borer

Wilt

Fruit borer

Wilt

D. Soil Science

1. Less use of soil conservation practices.

2. Unawareness about soil testing.

E. Food science and technology 1. Lack of knowledge about post harvest handling and storage practices of Agril.

Produce.

2. Unawareness about processing of Agril. Produce.

3. Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition to fruit and

vegetables.

4. Low risk bearing ability for establishment of agro based enterprise.

F. Agriculture Extension

1. Technical gap among the farmers.

2. Less participation of youth and women in social activities.

3. Less awareness about mass media

5. Traditional attitude towards agriculture.

8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:

Lack of knowledge Unawareness Lack of knowledge

about INM practices.

Lack of knowledge

and unavailability

b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Maize:

Lack of knowledge

Lack of diversified

farming system

approach

Improper plant

spacing

Lack of knowledge

Poor economic status

Low yield in

sugarcane

Traditional planting method

Unavailability of planting material

Low yield in ratoon

Lack of set treatment and less use of biofertilizers

Low yield in Maize

Monoculture

Uneven plant population

Inadequate nutrient supply

Use of local variety

c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Tomato:

Lack of seeding

treatement

Lack of knowledge

Lack of knowledge

Less use of

micronutrient

lack of integrated

Water Management

d. Problem Cause Diagram for low yield in Brinjal:

Improper application

of chemical pesticides No seedling

treatment

Lack of knowledge/ unavailability

Lack of knowledge

Shortage of labour at peak period

Low Yield in Tomato

Imbalance use of fertilizers

Use of local variety

Occurrence of pest and disease

Micronutrient deficiency

Low Yield in Brinjal

Incidence of Pest and Disease

No use of pest monitoring device

Imbalance use of fertilizers

Occurrence of fruit borer

High weed intensity

Improper irrigation

e. Problem cause diagram of low milk yield:

Lack of knowledge

Unawareness

about balance feeding

Area under

Scarcity zone

Lack of knowledge

Unawareness about

Importance of mineral

mixture

Lack of knowledge about

Scientific feeding

management

Low milk

yield

Imbalance feeding to cattle

Scarcity of green fodder during summer

Deficiency of mineral mixture

Improper feeding management

Improper health management

Improper breeding management

9. Farmers – scientist’s interaction for action plan development:

The KVK scientists interacted with the farmers by grouping of farmers which

represent crop component, animal component, horticulture, soil component and discuss

with farmers in relation to their problems, constraints and their needs. During this session

large number of farmers participated in group discussion, youth also participated

enthusiastically. While interaction with farmers raised some points which are given below.

Points raised by the farmers:-

Crop Management:

Lack of awareness about improved dry land technologies.

Need to improve the grain and fodder quality of rabi sorghum by incorporating

improved varieties.

Lack of knowledge about soil and water conservation practices.

Lack of knowledge about diversified farming approach.

Introduction of improved varieties of pulses and oilseed.

Need to introduce scientific planting methods of sugarcane.

Horticultural Crops:

Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of fruits and vegetables.

Lack of knowledge about scientific package of practices in vegetables and fruit crops.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides in vegetables and fruit crops

Lack of knowledge about INM practices in fruit crops.

Lack of awareness about grading packaging and processing fruit and vegetables.

Animal Component / Livestock:-

Scarcity of green fodder during summer season.

Low milk yield.

Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management.

Unaware about importance of mineral mixture feeding to livestock.

Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.

Soil:-

Imbalance use of fertilizers.

Unawareness about INM practices.

Lack of knowledge about importance of soil sampling and soil testing.

Agricultural Extension:-

Less participation of youth and woman in social activities.

Less awareness about mass media.

Technical gaps among the farming community

Food science and Technology:-

Lack of knowledge about food processing.

Unawareness about grading, packaging and standardization of food.

Less awareness about post harvest technology.

Lack of knowledge about marketing channel and linkages for selling agricultural

commodities.

10. PRA photos: