Post on 19-Jan-2017
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS :CHALLENGES FOR AQUACULTUTE
MARICULTURE ( STAL 6023 )DR. SIMON KUMAR DAS
NIK NOORHAYATI BINTI NIK ABDUL MAJIDP66094
OUTLINES
Overview of climate change
Vulnerability to climate change
Nature of the climate change threat
Preparing and responding to the impacts
Conclusion
OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(a) Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly(˚C)(b) Projected Surface Temperature Changes (2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999)
(a)
(b)
Source : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007
o Global mean temperature has increased about 0.8 ˚C since
1850
o The average temperature in Southeast Asia has increased 0.1-0.3˚C per decade over the
last 50 years
o Projected surface temperature changes would lead to further
warming by 1-6˚C by 2100
OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGEo Global average sea level rose
at an average rate of 1.8 mm/year over 1961 to 2003
o The rate was faster over 1993 to 2003 about 3.1 mm/year
o Increased in global mean sea level and prospects for more severe extreme floods and
drought in some place
o Intense tropical cyclone activities has increased since
1970
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS :(DIRECT AND INDIRECT)
Source: FAO 2012
VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Exposure: The nature and degree to which fisheries production systems are
exposed to climate change
Adaptive capacity: Ability or capacity of a system to modify
or change to cope with changes in actual or expected
climate stress
Potential impact: All impacts that may occur without taking
into account planned adaptation
Sensitivity: Degree to which national economies are
dependent on fisheries and therefore sensitive to any
change in the sector
= Vulnerability
Source : FAO 2006
Global mapping of national economies vulnerability to climate change impacts on fisheries
Source : Allison et al, 2009
NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS1) Temperature Changes
Effects ImplicationsIncreased stratification and reduced
mixing of water, reducing primary productivity and food supplies for fish
species
Reductions in fish stocks
Reduced water quality, especially of dissolved oxygen, changes in range and abundance of pathogens, predators and
competitors
Altered culture species, possibly worsened losses to disease and possibly
higher capital costs for aeration equipment
Changing in timing and success of spawning and peak abundance
Impacts on seed availability and reductions in fish stocks
o Temperature tolerance of important cultured is temperate region, particularly is close to the upper range
o Increase in temperature a few degrees is likely to impact on the culture of such species
o So not severe for cultured tropical species, predicted water temperature increases a likely to be still within the optimal range of the tolerance temperature
NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS2) Sea Level Rise
Effects Implications
Loss of land Reduced area available for land-based (pond), loss of freshwater fisheries
Changes to estuary systemsShifts in species abundance, distribution
and composition of fish stocks and aquaculture seed
Loss of coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests
Worsened exposure to waves and storm surges and risk that inland aquaculture
become inundated
Salt water infusion into groundwaterReduced freshwater availability for aquaculture, shift to brackish water
species
NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS3) Increase in frequency/intensity of storm
Effects Implications
Large wave and storm surge, Lost aquaculture stocks, damage or loss of aquaculture facilities
Inland flooding from intense precipitation
salinity changes, introduction of disease or predators into aquaculture facilities
during flooding episodes
Higher capital costs needed to design cage moorings, pond walls, jetties
NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS4) Drought
Effects Implications
Lower water quality and availability for aquaculture, salinity changes
Changes in lake water levels and river flows
increase productions costs, loss of opportunity as production is limited
NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS5) El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Effects Implications
Change location and timing of ocean currents and upwelling altered nutrient supply in surface water, changed ocean
temperature and bleached coral
Changes in the productivity of fisheries
Changed ocean temperature and
bleached coral
Reduced productivity of reef fisheries
PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS
o Implement comprehensive and integrated ecosystem approaches
- to manage coastal, oceans, fisheries, aquaculture to adapting to climate change
- to reduced risk from natural disastero Provide climate change education in schools and create greater
awareness among all stakeholderso Undertake assessment of local vulnerability and risk to archive
climate proofo Support innovation by research on management systems and
aquatic systems
PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS
o Building bridge between science and policy
o Understanding country priorities and assisting their implementation through funding, partner and technical support
PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS(communication & informing)
PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS(advocating for inclusion)
CONCLUSSIONClimate change contributed to natural disaster Impact on
economy: include reduced
productivity of aquaculture, cost of rehabilitation, reconstruction of facilities, pond, new bridge and
others
Coastal area will suffer: shoreline
erosion, increased wave action, saline
intrusion
Effective implementation need to adapt to climate change, improve public
awareness, reduced risk from natural disaster
Continuous improvement of
development plan making
process is crucial to address
climate change
THANK YOU