CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS :CHALLENGES FOR AQUACULTUTE

MARICULTURE ( STAL 6023 )DR. SIMON KUMAR DAS

NIK NOORHAYATI BINTI NIK ABDUL MAJIDP66094

OUTLINES

Overview of climate change

Vulnerability to climate change

Nature of the climate change threat

Preparing and responding to the impacts

Conclusion

OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE

(a) Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly(˚C)(b) Projected Surface Temperature Changes (2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999)

(a)

(b)

Source : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007

o Global mean temperature has increased about 0.8 ˚C since

1850

o The average temperature in Southeast Asia has increased 0.1-0.3˚C per decade over the

last 50 years

o Projected surface temperature changes would lead to further

warming by 1-6˚C by 2100

OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGEo Global average sea level rose

at an average rate of 1.8 mm/year over 1961 to 2003

o The rate was faster over 1993 to 2003 about 3.1 mm/year

o Increased in global mean sea level and prospects for more severe extreme floods and

drought in some place

o Intense tropical cyclone activities has increased since

1970

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS :(DIRECT AND INDIRECT)

Source: FAO 2012

VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Exposure: The nature and degree to which fisheries production systems are

exposed to climate change

Adaptive capacity: Ability or capacity of a system to modify

or change to cope with changes in actual or expected

climate stress

Potential impact: All impacts that may occur without taking

into account planned adaptation

Sensitivity: Degree to which national economies are

dependent on fisheries and therefore sensitive to any

change in the sector

= Vulnerability

Source : FAO 2006

Global mapping of national economies vulnerability to climate change impacts on fisheries

Source : Allison et al, 2009

NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS1) Temperature Changes

Effects ImplicationsIncreased stratification and reduced

mixing of water, reducing primary productivity and food supplies for fish

species

Reductions in fish stocks

Reduced water quality, especially of dissolved oxygen, changes in range and abundance of pathogens, predators and

competitors

Altered culture species, possibly worsened losses to disease and possibly

higher capital costs for aeration equipment

Changing in timing and success of spawning and peak abundance

Impacts on seed availability and reductions in fish stocks

o Temperature tolerance of important cultured is temperate region, particularly is close to the upper range

o Increase in temperature a few degrees is likely to impact on the culture of such species

o So not severe for cultured tropical species, predicted water temperature increases a likely to be still within the optimal range of the tolerance temperature

NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS2) Sea Level Rise

Effects Implications

Loss of land Reduced area available for land-based (pond), loss of freshwater fisheries

Changes to estuary systemsShifts in species abundance, distribution

and composition of fish stocks and aquaculture seed

Loss of coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests

Worsened exposure to waves and storm surges and risk that inland aquaculture

become inundated

Salt water infusion into groundwaterReduced freshwater availability for aquaculture, shift to brackish water

species

NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS3) Increase in frequency/intensity of storm

Effects Implications

Large wave and storm surge, Lost aquaculture stocks, damage or loss of aquaculture facilities

Inland flooding from intense precipitation

salinity changes, introduction of disease or predators into aquaculture facilities

during flooding episodes

Higher capital costs needed to design cage moorings, pond walls, jetties

NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS4) Drought

Effects Implications

Lower water quality and availability for aquaculture, salinity changes

Changes in lake water levels and river flows

increase productions costs, loss of opportunity as production is limited

NATURE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS5) El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Effects Implications

Change location and timing of ocean currents and upwelling altered nutrient supply in surface water, changed ocean

temperature and bleached coral

Changes in the productivity of fisheries

Changed ocean temperature and

bleached coral

Reduced productivity of reef fisheries

PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS

o Implement comprehensive and integrated ecosystem approaches

- to manage coastal, oceans, fisheries, aquaculture to adapting to climate change

- to reduced risk from natural disastero Provide climate change education in schools and create greater

awareness among all stakeholderso Undertake assessment of local vulnerability and risk to archive

climate proofo Support innovation by research on management systems and

aquatic systems

PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS

o Building bridge between science and policy

o Understanding country priorities and assisting their implementation through funding, partner and technical support

PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS(communication & informing)

PREPARING AND RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS(advocating for inclusion)

CONCLUSSIONClimate change contributed to natural disaster Impact on

economy: include reduced

productivity of aquaculture, cost of rehabilitation, reconstruction of facilities, pond, new bridge and

others

Coastal area will suffer: shoreline

erosion, increased wave action, saline

intrusion

Effective implementation need to adapt to climate change, improve public

awareness, reduced risk from natural disaster

Continuous improvement of

development plan making

process is crucial to address

climate change

THANK YOU