Post on 11-Apr-2017
INTRODUCTION TO HABITS AND MOUTH BREATHING HABIT
Presented by:Jigyasha timsina Batch 2011
CONTENTS:
• Introduction• Classification• Etiology• Mouth Breathing
habit• Clinical features• Diagnosis • Management
HABITS
• Habit as quoted by ‘Hogeboon’ and attributed by
Salder is the methodical way in which mind and body act as a result of the frequent repetition of a certain definite sets of nervous impulses.
Dorland
• Fixed or constant practice established by frequent repetition
Buttersworth
• Frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition
MOYER
• Habits are learnt pattern of muscle contraction of a very complex nature
Classification James (1923) a)useful habits b)harmful habits
Kingsley(1958) a)Functional habits b)Muscular habits c)Combined
Morris and Bohanna(1969) a)Pressure habits b)Bitting habits
• Klein (1971) a)Empty habits b)Meaningful habits
• Finn (1987) 1) a)Compulsive habits b)Non Compulsive habits 2) a)Primary habits b)Secondary habits
Habits
Frequency
Intensity
Duration
ETIOLOGY OF HABIT DEVELOPMENT
1) Anatomical: For ex: Posture of tongue. Infantile swallow occurs
due to a large tongue in a small oral cavity coupled with anterior open bite
2)Mechanical interferences 3) Pathological 4) Emotional 5) Imitation 6) Random behavior
Commonly occuring habits
• Thumb-sucking• Tongue thrusting• Mouth breathing • Bruxism • Nail biting • Finger biting • Masochistic
Mouth Breathing
CHACKER FM (1961) Defined mouth breathing as a prolonged or continued
exposure of the tissues of anterior areas of mouth to the drying effects of inspired air.
Merle (1980) - Suggested the term oro - nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing
CLASSIFICATION
A) Obstructive B) Habitual. C) Anatomic.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY a) Lowering of the mandible.
b) Positioning of the tongue downwards and forwards.
Lowering of the tongue and mandible upsets the orofacial equilibrium. There is an unrestricted buccinator activity that influences the position of the teeth and also the growth of jaws.
Clinical feature• Adenoid faces
Normal Mouth Breathers
Diagnosis • History • Examination • Clinical tests – Mirror test Massler’s butterfly test Water hold test
• CHEPHALOMETRY
• RHINOMANOMETRY
MANAGEMENT
Elimination of the cause
Interception of habits A)Exercises Lip exercise Holding of metal disc between lips
B) Maxillo-thorax myotherapy
• advocated by Macaray in 1960• used in conjuction to Macaray activator• 10 sets of exercise while wearing the
activator thrice daily done
• Oral screen
• Correction of Malocclusion class I malocclusion – oral shield appliance class II division I malocclusion - monobloc activator
class III malocclusion
– chin cup
Conclusion• Oral habits have a definite bearing on the
development of occlusion.
• One may acquire certain habits that may either temporarily or permanently be harmful to dental occlusion and to the tooth supporting structures.
• So, such habits should be identified and treated as soon as possible.
• Harmful oral habits include : 1.Finger or thumb sucking 2.Mouth breathing 3.Bruxism 4.Cheek / Lip biting 5. All
• Etiology of mouth breathing is: 1) Rhinitis and Sinusitis 2)over eruption of lower incisors touching
the palatal mucosa 3)deviated nasal septum 4)all of the above
• Due to habit of mouth breathing: 1) lower lips become hyperactive 2) upper lips become hypoactive 3) both lips become hypoactive 4) upper lips become hyperactive
REFERENCES
• Orthodontics the art and science -S.I. Bhalajhi
• Text book of pedodontics shova tandon
• Web