Post on 10-Feb-2016
description
The University of Manchester
ORA for SKA
Prof. A. K. BrownDr. David Zhang
School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of Manchester
Email: {anthony.brown, david.zhang}@manchester.ac.uk
The University of Manchester
Outline
A brief review of ORA aperture array antenna design at the end of SKADS
AA-mid Antenna design for PrepSKADiscussions and near future plans
The University of Manchester
Aperture Array Antennas
FLOTT: (a)(d)
BECA: (b)(e)
ORA: (c)(f)
The University of Manchester
23/4/22
Active radiators
The University of ManchesterThe University of Manchester
Three candidate designs for SKADS (16×16 finite arrays)
BECAFLOTT ORA
(Photo Courtesy: SELEX Galileo)
The University of Manchester
Active reflection coefficient
0.25 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
FLOTTBECAORA
The University of ManchesterThe University of Manchester
Cross polarisation in the intercardinal plane at 1 GHz, based on the finite array measurement
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Angle (deg)
Cro
ss p
olar
isat
ion
(dB
)
ORAFLOTTBECA
D-plane 45o Cut
The University of Manchester
Scanned element pattern for the centre element of the finite array
E-plane, 0o Cut
H-plane 90o Cut
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Angle (deg)
Log
Mag
(dB
)
FLOTT, 1 GHz, SimulatedFLOTT, 1 GHz, MeasuredBECA, 1 GHz, MeasuredORA, 1 GHz, MeasuredFLOTT, 700 MHz, Measured
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Angle (deg)
Log
Mag
(dB
)
FLOTT, 1 GHz, Simulated FLOTT, 1 GHz, MeasuredBECA, 1 GHz, MeasuredORA, 1GHz, MeasuredFLOTT, 700 MHz, Measured
The University of Manchester
Change of Frequency Range
LNA integration and feeding methods for ORA
The ORA finite array analysis
Measurement-noise temperature of integrated structure
Manufacturability
The University of Manchester
23/4/22
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
Broadside45o E-plane45o H-plane
The infinite ORA array with 125mm element separation
The University of Manchester
The infinite ORA array with 112 mm element separation
23/4/22
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
Broadside45o E-plane45o H-plane
The University of Manchester
108mm separation
23/4/22
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
Frequency (GHz)
Act
ive
refle
ctio
n co
effic
ient
(dB
)
Broadside
45o Diagonal-plane
The University of ManchesterThe University of Manchester
The feeding methods for ORA
The University of Manchester
The optimisations of the feeding lines for a lower loss
23/4/22
LNA close to the radiators
For LNA wiring
LNAs above the groundplane
Coaxial cable for single-ended feeding
LNAs below the groundplane, but using coaxial cables for single-ended feedings
Shorter coaxial cables for single-ended feedings
LNA above the groundplane
1 2 3
The University of Manchester
Single-ended and differential feeding methods
23/4/22
The single-ended stripline Differential coaxial cable feeding
The University of Manchester
ORA performance with 50ohms stripline feed, 112mm
23/4/22
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
Broadside45o E-plane45o H-plane
The University of Manchester
23/4/22
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
Broadside45o E-plane45o H-plane
ORA performance with differential coaxial cable feeds, 112mm element spacing
The University of Manchester
Single-ended Stripline feed for the 5×5 subarray of the 10×10 finite array tile
23/4/22
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Act
ive
refle
ctio
n co
effic
ient
(dB
)
55 finite array, simulatedinfinite array, simulated55 subarray in a 1010 finite array, measured
The active reflection coefficient
The University of Manchester
Differential feeding method, passive reflection coefficient measured
Element 13
Element 1
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
fcie
nt (d
B)
Element 13Element 1
The University of Manchester
Integration with EMBRACE front-end electronics for further investigation
23/4/22
The University of Manchester
ORA tile for EMBRACE electronics integration
1375mm
o The element separation of 125 mmo 70 ohms single-ended port for each elemento The coverage area of the tile 1.125 m2
The University of Manchester
• Efficiency measurements• Complete LNA integration and measure
combined noise temperature• Manufacturability design
• EMBRACE compatible tile• Final choice of LNA type and optimise ORA for
mid frequency array• Build and test • Pre-production manufacturing techniques
23/4/22
The University of Manchester
Noise measurement of the active ORA finite array
23/4/22
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency (GHz)
Ref
lect
ion
coef
ficie
nt (d
B)
Sub-array becomes active with power splitters
A hot/cold measurement facility is under construction in JBO, the measured results out of this for the finite ORA arrays will be confirmed at THACO in ASTRON
The University of Manchester
Further investigation of ORA tile with the EMBRACE electronics ?
23/4/22
1375mm
The University of Manchester
The manufacturing cost investigation
23/4/22
Chemical etching: A traditional photo-lithographic technique on PTFE/woven glass laminate
Ink-jet printing: A catalyst is ink-jet printed onto the plastic film, and then copper is electro-formed onto the catalyst, a further electroplating process is required
Screen printing and other technics?
The University of Manchester
• Efficiency measurements• Complete LNA integration and measure
combined noise temperature• Manufacturability design
• EMBRACE compatible tile• Final choice of LNA type and optimise ORA for
mid frequency array• Build and test • Pre-production manufacturing techniques
23/4/22