Open Source Platform for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Smart Charging in California (XBOS-V)

California Multi-Agency Update on Vehicle-Grid Integration Research

DRAFT FINAL December 5, 2017

Timothy Lipman, PhD (PI) telipman@berkeley.edu

Assoc. Prof. Duncan Callaway (Co-PI) Project Team

Overview 1. Introduction - UC Berkeley team 2. California Energy Commission EPIC Project

15-013 – “XBOS-V” Overview 3. Project Technical Tasks and Status

1. Task 2 – Smart Charging User Needs Assessment 2. Task 3 – XBOS-V Module Scoping, Devt., and Testing 3. Task 4 – Dist. Level Grid Impacts and Benefits Analysis 4. Task 5 – Ratepayer Benefits Analysis in CA IOUs

4. Project Next Steps

Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC) Buildings

• Berkeley and Richmond Office Locations

BECI Overview • Hub of energy and climate research at

UC Berkeley and LBNL • Research: Electric Grid, Energy Use in

Buildings, Enabling Technology Development, American Jobs Project

• Manage Research: Fourth California Climate Change Assessment

• Outreach: Partners in research with Mexico, China, Philippines

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – “XBOS-V” Overview • UC Berkeley’s TSRC, BECI, and ERG units with BMW • $1.59M grant over three years, awarded April 2016

under PON 14-310 • Key idea is to aggregate local loads focusing on the

building automation system as the main interface including EV charging for streamlined grid communication interfaces and load aggregation

• Readily extensible and open code and architecture built on low-cost computing platforms

• Four primary project tasks including open-source software development and validation, distribution and larger grid benefits analysis, and assessment of learnings from BMW “i ChargeForward” pilot with PG&E

XBOS-V Project Team - Key Personnel • UC Berkeley

– Tim Lipman, PhD, ITS/TSRC/LBNL (PI) – Assoc. Prof. Duncan Callaway, ERG/BECI (Co-PI) – Prof. David Culler, EECS/BECI/CITRIS – Prof. Dan Kammen, ERG/GSPP/CITRIS – Asst. Prof. Scott Moura, CEE/BECI – Carl Blumstein, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Sascha Von Meier, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Therese Peffer, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Karl Brown, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Mahdi Ghamkhari, PhD, ITS/TSRC – Thanos Panogopoulos, PhD, BECI – Minxi Liu, PhD, BECI – Elizabeth Ratnam, PhD, BECI – Julia Szinai, MS, ERG/TSRC/LBNL

• BMW North America – Adam Langton – Alissa Harrington

• CEC Agreement Manager – Matthew Fung

XBOS-V Project – TAC Members • Doug Black, LBNL • Charlie Botsford, Aerovironment • Alec Brooks, E-moterwerks • Sunil Chhaya, EPRI • Mike Ferry/Steve Davis, Oxygen Initiative • Willett Kempton, Univ. of Delaware • Florian Michahelles, Siemens • Craig Rodine, Chargepoint • Abigail Tinker, PG&E • Brett Williams, CSE

XBOS-V Project – Overall Concept

VGI Through Local Building Control

XBOS-V Project – BMS/EVSE focus

Source: IEEE

Task 2 – User Needs Assessment • Two Main Activities

1. Focus Groups with PG&E/BMW iChargeForward particip. 2. Building Energy Manager VGI Interviews

• VGI Pilot Focus Groups (n=50 participants) – Explore participant reactions to a novel BMW/PG&E pilot

program called i ChargeForward with real-world ‘managed charging’ experiment

– March and July 2017 Focus group rounds with different sets of participants

• Building Energy Manager Interviews (n=12 interviews) – Explore high-tech building energy manger reactions to

integrated control of building systems and EV chargers including integration issues, data security concerns, etc.

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 2

• Collaborate with BMW North America to understand motivations and responses to the i ChargeForward 1.0 project with 90 participants and the i ChargeForward 2.0 project with ~350 participants

• i ChargeForward 1.0 pilot project phase ended late 2016; 2.0 phase started around the same time

• Two rounds of focus groups: March 2017 in Sunnyvale (n=28) and July 2017 in San Mateo and Oakland (n=22) with 50 total participants

• Groups explored participant program “likes” and “dislikes” as well as desired levels of information, motivations to participate, potential levels and types of compensation, etc.

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 2

• Key findings from focus groups include: – Participants (a fairly select group) were generally

enthusiastic and curious – Expressed more desire for program information in an

overall sense – what are the collective benefits? – Various motivations from more financial to more

“helping the grid accept more renewables” as something that interests them

– Had various abilities to be flexible about their charge time and location, mostly built around at-home charging patterns

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 3

• Develop open-source software code based on XBOS platform to communicate with EV chargers for load control through BAS as main interface

• Extend for XBOS-V module for control of EV charging hardware for residential and small commercial settings

• Test and validate code using UC Berkeley Richmond BGC Level 1 and Level 2 (AC) testbed (power limit 12 kW)

• Binary on/off control for Level 1 and power modulation from 32 Amps to 6 Amps @ 220V for Level 2 concepts

Task 3 – VGI Test Bed at Berkeley Global Campus in Richmond

• Combining a Wi-Fi capable charger with a sophisticated NHR power system control and visualization device, open-source software code, and remote telemetry

Task 3 -UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS = EXtensible Building Operating System

Task 3 - UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS-V Basic System Cost per Installation:

– micro-computer: $100 – wi-fi access point/router: $40 – basic EVSE comm. board $20+ per EVSE – BMS/HAN system (assumed and if needed ~$100 for HAN gateway) – open-source device driver library (free)

Total cost per site: ~$160 plus scale factor for # of EVSE and other wi-fi enabled devices through XBOS platform Open source and low-cost scalable solution Platform is agnostic to whatever larger communication standards evolve for specific VGI use cases, and can easily adapt to eventual end-to-end solutions that are likely to be integrated to some extent among ‘competing’ standards (e.g, SAE, ISO, SEP, ADR, OCPP, etc.)

Task 3 - UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS-V extensible integration of control for

power loads using wi-fi communication including to EVSE

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 4

• Assess distribution-level benefits of VGI • Understand system power quality issues and

potential for support from EVSEs (voltage support, VARs, etc.)

• Develop algorithms for congestion relief and voltage regulation through smart charging

California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 4

• Previous research suggests that additional PEV loads can start to stress local distribution systems but that managed charging can mitigate these impacts

Source: E3

Distribution Level Utilization with PEV Charging

Initial Simulation Results

Initial Simulation Results

Initial Simulation Results

M. Liu, P. K. Phanivong, and D. S. Callaway, “Electric vehicle charging control in residential distribution network: A decentralized event-driven realization,” in IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec. 12-15, 2017, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.

PG&E Feeder - D0001

Substation

Task 5 – Grid and Ratepayer Benefits

• Understand potential larger grid impacts and benefits, and EV driver and ratepayer $/value return mechanisms

• Flexible load in the form of controlled EV charging can significantly reduce needs for dedicated grid storage as intermittent renewable resources become more highly utilized

• Expand on previous analysis with additional SWITCH and PLEXOS modeling of CA grid and potential EV market penetration for 2020-2030

Task 5 – Initial Findings for 2024 Scenario

Source: Julia Szinai, UC Berkeley/LBNL, 2017 (CEC EPIC 15-013 project)

Extension Concept – ISO 15118

Source: Adapted from ChargePoint

XBOS-V

Extension Concept – Tariff Tables

Project Next Steps • Testing/validation of XBOS-V drivers and software code

– Testing underway with Aerovironment and Emoterwerks – Planning to test and write software drivers for additional

hardware solutions within grant scope and timing

• Extension concepts – nodal pricing signals (vs. direct utility control signal), ISO 15118 for vehicle to charger communication, other ideas?

• Share learnings and collaborate with other related CEC EPIC projects as with this workshop (ChargePoint, Oxygen Initiative, EPRI, PG&E, etc.)

• Open offer to hardware providers interested in open-source VGI code solutions to feel free to contact us!

Thanks!