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Open Source Platform for Plug -in Electric Vehicle Smart...
Transcript of Open Source Platform for Plug -in Electric Vehicle Smart...
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Open Source Platform for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Smart Charging in California (XBOS-V)
California Multi-Agency Update on Vehicle-Grid Integration Research
DRAFT FINAL December 5, 2017
Timothy Lipman, PhD (PI) [email protected]
Assoc. Prof. Duncan Callaway (Co-PI) Project Team
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Overview 1. Introduction - UC Berkeley team 2. California Energy Commission EPIC Project
15-013 – “XBOS-V” Overview 3. Project Technical Tasks and Status
1. Task 2 – Smart Charging User Needs Assessment 2. Task 3 – XBOS-V Module Scoping, Devt., and Testing 3. Task 4 – Dist. Level Grid Impacts and Benefits Analysis 4. Task 5 – Ratepayer Benefits Analysis in CA IOUs
4. Project Next Steps
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Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC) Buildings
• Berkeley and Richmond Office Locations
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BECI Overview • Hub of energy and climate research at
UC Berkeley and LBNL • Research: Electric Grid, Energy Use in
Buildings, Enabling Technology Development, American Jobs Project
• Manage Research: Fourth California Climate Change Assessment
• Outreach: Partners in research with Mexico, China, Philippines
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – “XBOS-V” Overview • UC Berkeley’s TSRC, BECI, and ERG units with BMW • $1.59M grant over three years, awarded April 2016
under PON 14-310 • Key idea is to aggregate local loads focusing on the
building automation system as the main interface including EV charging for streamlined grid communication interfaces and load aggregation
• Readily extensible and open code and architecture built on low-cost computing platforms
• Four primary project tasks including open-source software development and validation, distribution and larger grid benefits analysis, and assessment of learnings from BMW “i ChargeForward” pilot with PG&E
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XBOS-V Project Team - Key Personnel • UC Berkeley
– Tim Lipman, PhD, ITS/TSRC/LBNL (PI) – Assoc. Prof. Duncan Callaway, ERG/BECI (Co-PI) – Prof. David Culler, EECS/BECI/CITRIS – Prof. Dan Kammen, ERG/GSPP/CITRIS – Asst. Prof. Scott Moura, CEE/BECI – Carl Blumstein, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Sascha Von Meier, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Therese Peffer, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Karl Brown, PhD, BECI/CITRIS – Mahdi Ghamkhari, PhD, ITS/TSRC – Thanos Panogopoulos, PhD, BECI – Minxi Liu, PhD, BECI – Elizabeth Ratnam, PhD, BECI – Julia Szinai, MS, ERG/TSRC/LBNL
• BMW North America – Adam Langton – Alissa Harrington
• CEC Agreement Manager – Matthew Fung
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XBOS-V Project – TAC Members • Doug Black, LBNL • Charlie Botsford, Aerovironment • Alec Brooks, E-moterwerks • Sunil Chhaya, EPRI • Mike Ferry/Steve Davis, Oxygen Initiative • Willett Kempton, Univ. of Delaware • Florian Michahelles, Siemens • Craig Rodine, Chargepoint • Abigail Tinker, PG&E • Brett Williams, CSE
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XBOS-V Project – Overall Concept
VGI Through Local Building Control
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XBOS-V Project – BMS/EVSE focus
Source: IEEE
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Task 2 – User Needs Assessment • Two Main Activities
1. Focus Groups with PG&E/BMW iChargeForward particip. 2. Building Energy Manager VGI Interviews
• VGI Pilot Focus Groups (n=50 participants) – Explore participant reactions to a novel BMW/PG&E pilot
program called i ChargeForward with real-world ‘managed charging’ experiment
– March and July 2017 Focus group rounds with different sets of participants
• Building Energy Manager Interviews (n=12 interviews) – Explore high-tech building energy manger reactions to
integrated control of building systems and EV chargers including integration issues, data security concerns, etc.
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 2
• Collaborate with BMW North America to understand motivations and responses to the i ChargeForward 1.0 project with 90 participants and the i ChargeForward 2.0 project with ~350 participants
• i ChargeForward 1.0 pilot project phase ended late 2016; 2.0 phase started around the same time
• Two rounds of focus groups: March 2017 in Sunnyvale (n=28) and July 2017 in San Mateo and Oakland (n=22) with 50 total participants
• Groups explored participant program “likes” and “dislikes” as well as desired levels of information, motivations to participate, potential levels and types of compensation, etc.
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 2
• Key findings from focus groups include: – Participants (a fairly select group) were generally
enthusiastic and curious – Expressed more desire for program information in an
overall sense – what are the collective benefits? – Various motivations from more financial to more
“helping the grid accept more renewables” as something that interests them
– Had various abilities to be flexible about their charge time and location, mostly built around at-home charging patterns
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 3
• Develop open-source software code based on XBOS platform to communicate with EV chargers for load control through BAS as main interface
• Extend for XBOS-V module for control of EV charging hardware for residential and small commercial settings
• Test and validate code using UC Berkeley Richmond BGC Level 1 and Level 2 (AC) testbed (power limit 12 kW)
• Binary on/off control for Level 1 and power modulation from 32 Amps to 6 Amps @ 220V for Level 2 concepts
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Task 3 – VGI Test Bed at Berkeley Global Campus in Richmond
• Combining a Wi-Fi capable charger with a sophisticated NHR power system control and visualization device, open-source software code, and remote telemetry
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Task 3 -UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS = EXtensible Building Operating System
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Task 3 - UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS-V Basic System Cost per Installation:
– micro-computer: $100 – wi-fi access point/router: $40 – basic EVSE comm. board $20+ per EVSE – BMS/HAN system (assumed and if needed ~$100 for HAN gateway) – open-source device driver library (free)
Total cost per site: ~$160 plus scale factor for # of EVSE and other wi-fi enabled devices through XBOS platform Open source and low-cost scalable solution Platform is agnostic to whatever larger communication standards evolve for specific VGI use cases, and can easily adapt to eventual end-to-end solutions that are likely to be integrated to some extent among ‘competing’ standards (e.g, SAE, ISO, SEP, ADR, OCPP, etc.)
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Task 3 - UC Berkeley XBOS Platform • XBOS-V extensible integration of control for
power loads using wi-fi communication including to EVSE
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 4
• Assess distribution-level benefits of VGI • Understand system power quality issues and
potential for support from EVSEs (voltage support, VARs, etc.)
• Develop algorithms for congestion relief and voltage regulation through smart charging
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California Energy Commission EPIC 15-013 Grant – Task 4
• Previous research suggests that additional PEV loads can start to stress local distribution systems but that managed charging can mitigate these impacts
Source: E3
Distribution Level Utilization with PEV Charging
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Initial Simulation Results
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Initial Simulation Results
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Initial Simulation Results
M. Liu, P. K. Phanivong, and D. S. Callaway, “Electric vehicle charging control in residential distribution network: A decentralized event-driven realization,” in IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec. 12-15, 2017, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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PG&E Feeder - D0001
Substation
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Task 5 – Grid and Ratepayer Benefits
• Understand potential larger grid impacts and benefits, and EV driver and ratepayer $/value return mechanisms
• Flexible load in the form of controlled EV charging can significantly reduce needs for dedicated grid storage as intermittent renewable resources become more highly utilized
• Expand on previous analysis with additional SWITCH and PLEXOS modeling of CA grid and potential EV market penetration for 2020-2030
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Task 5 – Initial Findings for 2024 Scenario
Source: Julia Szinai, UC Berkeley/LBNL, 2017 (CEC EPIC 15-013 project)
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Extension Concept – ISO 15118
Source: Adapted from ChargePoint
XBOS-V
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Extension Concept – Tariff Tables
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Project Next Steps • Testing/validation of XBOS-V drivers and software code
– Testing underway with Aerovironment and Emoterwerks – Planning to test and write software drivers for additional
hardware solutions within grant scope and timing
• Extension concepts – nodal pricing signals (vs. direct utility control signal), ISO 15118 for vehicle to charger communication, other ideas?
• Share learnings and collaborate with other related CEC EPIC projects as with this workshop (ChargePoint, Oxygen Initiative, EPRI, PG&E, etc.)
• Open offer to hardware providers interested in open-source VGI code solutions to feel free to contact us!
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Thanks!