Garin Fons

Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Open Educational ResourcesPast, Present...Future?

Interna'onalWEEK2013

ROCKIN’ RUSSIAN

the endthe presentthe pastthe beginning

the end - a shared, participatory culturethe present - OER, OA, OCW, eLearning, etc. the past - former initiatives, challenges, rumors the beginning - change in practice, in mentality.

ronsho ©

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the end

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Martin Gommelwhere does this all lead?

Why are we here today? Why are we interested in Open? What is our shared interest? Our intent in promoting Open? What is Open Access Week all about really?

toward a culture of open-ness.CC: BY-NC-SA sciencesque http://www.flickr.com/photos/apoptotic/2540055580/

toward a participatory culture using and reusing

creative materials for a variety of purposes.

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DailyPic

art

musicRecovering Sick Soul

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One Laptop per Child

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education

a shared culture.

It’s a culture of participation, of collaboration, of sharing, of freedom and access to information and ideas.

A cultural ideal that we build on the work of those who come before us.

that creativity and innovation don’t happen in vacuums, but in spaces where people can use and reuse.

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Canned Muffinshow we get there is important.

by mandate

Public Domain Image: http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/4442673734/

by choice

cc: by-nc-sa jairoagua http://www.flickr.com/photos/31065898@N08/8220970905/

forming a shared culture• faculty, students, staff, administrators use,

create, and share openly licensed educational media.

• institutions support open access journals and open textbooks.

• developers use and contribute to openly licensed software initiatives that function on open source platforms.

• all parties participate in innovative teaching and learning exercises that uphold open principles.

getting there is a process.

Robert Farrow, Open University UK: “openness describes its use, not just what it is”

Peter Suber: “There is no benefit in being closed, only benefit in being high quality, peer reviewed.”

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/5679580299/

thepresent

“a universal educational resource available for the

whole of humanity” (UNESCO, 2002)

CC: BY-SA Opensourceway http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/

What are Open Educational Resources?

Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries. This group met to discuss the implications of MIT’s OpenCourseWare initiative; and in the report generated from this meeting they described an Open Education Resource as “a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity.”

bringing resources to the public for free, without restriction, and for the benefit of the public.

“Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under a copyright license that permits their free use and repurposing by others.”

Photo: License Undetermined http://davidwiley.org/

- Dr. David Wiley (Lumen Learning)

What are Open Educational Resources?

Wide Variety of OERTeaching & Learning Materials• Open Textbooks (Digital / Print-on-Demand)

• Open Courseware (Presentations, Recorded Lectures, Lecture Notes, Syllabi)

• Classroom activities, lesson plans, assessments• Homework and practice exercises• Online modules and exercises

Authentic content in the L2 (texts, video, audio, images, realia)

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/osucommons/3529534404/

What are Open Educational Resources ?

“...educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some license to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”

• free, as in no fees, does not mean open

• open access does not mean openly licensed

- Hewlett Foundation

No cost vs. Freedom to reuse, revise, remix, redistribute.

Of the vast number of online resources accessible for free; few are actually Open.

Free vs. Open

CC: BY-NC CodyHoffman http://www.flickr.com/photos/thepinklemon/3876034684/

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Free vs. Open

The 4Rs

CC: BY Ivan Zuber http://www.flickr.com/photos/ivanzuber/2776100984/

Reuse

Revise

Remix

Redistribute

use the content in its unaltered / verbatim form.

adapt, adjust, modify, improve, or alter (translate).

combine the original or revised content with another OER to create something new.

share copies of the original content, your revisions, or your remixes with others.

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C

Copyright protects your creativity against uses you

don’t consent to.

CC: BY-NC-SA Great Beyond http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonyjcase/7483795014/

exclusive right to: • make copies• distribute, share, sell• perform or display in public• make derivative works (adaptations,

translations, supplemental materials)• distribute, share, sell, and copy

derivative works • license others to do those things

Copyright limits the 4Rs

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/3915529903/

ArtWritings

Music

MoviesAll Images Public Domain Content

what is the purpose of copyright?

no known copyright restrictions

The U.S. National Archives

remember the earlier definition by UNESCO?

“to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for a limited Time to Authors

and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and

Discoveries."

Purpose of Copyright?

- From The U.S. Constitution

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/

Resource available for the whole of humanity.

Purpose of Copyright?“to promote the Progress

of Science and useful Arts, by securing for a limited Time to Authors

and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and

Discoveries."

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/

- From The U.S. Constitution

“seriously? Maybe 150 years before someone can use this photo?”

Copyright law is about the balance between the authors’ need to make money and society’s need for progress. But for progress to happen, people need to be able to share knowledge and create works based on other works.

CCSome Rights Reserved

Benefits of Open Licenses

http://creativecommons.org/license/

Public Domain

All Rights Reserved

Some rights reserved: a spectrum

least restrictive most restrictive

Benefits of Open Licenses

Users allowed to:• Copy & distribute (don’t have to ask

permission from the copyright holder)

• Legally download and publish (don’t have to rely just on linking)

• Adapt and customize the material (in most cases)

CC: BY-NC DoimSioraf http://www.flickr.com/photos/cleanslatephotography/7899423426/

Difference between OA and OER

OA: Open AccessOER: Open Educational Resources

• OA focuses on sharing content, but there is no underlying licensing requirement.

• OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license (nix ND).

• OER and OA are friends

OA // OER - buddies

OA

OERopenly licensed educational content available online, for download, use, reuse, redistribution.

free, permanent, full-text, online

access to scientific and

scholarly works.

Difference between OCW & OER

OCW: Open CourseWareOER: Open Educational Resources

• OCW focuses on sharing open content that is developed specifically to instruct a course (locally taught).

• OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license, whether or not it is a part of a course.

• OCW is a subset of OER

OCW // OER - overlap

OER

OCWsyllabi, lecture notes, presentation slides, assignments, lecture videos - all related to a course.

OCW, single images, general

campus lectures, image collections,

singular learning modules, papers

or articles, videos, modules,

workbooks, etc.

OER and eLearning: a relationship

OER• may exist in electronic or paper form• may not contain enough context to be

“instructional”.• are always licensed for reuse, redistribution,

and re-mixing.

eLearning resources• exist only in electronic form.• are generally designed to be instructional.• may not always be licensed for open use.

eLearning // OER - intersection

OER

eLearning

intersection represents openly licensed, electronic,

educational resources

MOOCs

a creative spark

What we believe about OER

CC: BY-NC-SA Lotus Carroll http://www.flickr.com/photos/thelotuscarroll/8634893717/

CC: BY-NC-nd de.laina http://www.flickr.com/photos/delainamonster/2849056106/

an adaptable resource

CC: By Robert S. Donovan hhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/booleansplit/4211421316/

a driver of innovation

an investment in a new educational paradigm

CC: BY-NC-nd jessica lucia http://www.flickr.com/photos/theloushe/4812675727/

the past

gioiadeantoniis

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Source: http://ocw.mit.edu/

source: The New York Times

source: MIT

Increase in Involvement

source: OCW Consortium

2008 - 2012: period of adoption

source: OCW Consortium

2008 - 2012: period of innovation

“There’s not much GoodOpen Content out there.”

Michał Sacharewicz

Some rights reservedthere are many myths.

17 million free media files (photos, videos, sounds)

240 million free, sharable photos (with CC license)

42,000 public domain books (65 languages)

4 million openly licensed videos (lectures, modules, etc.)

The Numbers

Language Specific OER

mjzitek

Some rights reservedthere are many challenges.

Challenges & Difficulties in Search

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nlscotland/3011974213/

a lack of consistent metadata makes it difficult to always find resources

various repositories use different APIs

broken links

lack of clear licensing information, difficult to determine if something is OER or not

no single repository

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outdated teaching methodsuniinnsbruck

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A B vs.

A B c d e f g

h

2

4 18

we are part of the problem.

I like

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the beginning

PtM 1985Some rights reserved

Freedom; not free beer.

It’s Good to Share

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/4900465601/

Create content using tools that make it easy to share

Share what you create; license it using Creative Commons

Encourage others to share

Support those who do share

how we learn, not what we learn.

Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4011523181/

where to start

let’s get back to the idea of education being an

organic environment.

our role to cultivate an environment for growth and

improvement and to personalize teaching and

learning.

“...life is not linear; it’s organic. We create our lives symbiotically as we explore our talents in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.”- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)

CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/

“...it’s not about scaling a new solution; it’s about creating a movement in education in which people develop their own solutions, but with external support based on personalized curriculum.”

- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)

CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/

“When we look at reforming education and transforming it, it isn’t like cloning a system. It’s about customizing to your circumstances and personalizing education to the people you’re already teaching. And doing that...is the answer to the future because it’s not about scaling a new solution; it’s about creating a movement in education in which people develop their own solutions, but with external support based on personalized curriculum.”

“We haven’t come close to tapping the full potential of OER. We need to help more people understand that these materials are not just free, they can also create communities of teachers and learners who collaborate on their continuous improvement, and that’s the real magic – in the actual reuse and remix.”

- Cathy Casserly (Creative Commons)

CC BY 3.0 Digital Public Library of America: http://dp.la/info/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/CCasserly_highres.jpg

Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Garin FonsCenter for Open Educational Resources and Language Learninggarin@austin.utexas.edu