Open Access Week - University of Texas at Austin
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Transcript of Open Access Week - University of Texas at Austin
Garin Fons
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Open Educational ResourcesPast, Present...Future?
Interna'onalWEEK2013
ROCKIN’ RUSSIAN
the endthe presentthe pastthe beginning
the end - a shared, participatory culturethe present - OER, OA, OCW, eLearning, etc. the past - former initiatives, challenges, rumors the beginning - change in practice, in mentality.
ronsho ©
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the end
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Martin Gommelwhere does this all lead?
Why are we here today? Why are we interested in Open? What is our shared interest? Our intent in promoting Open? What is Open Access Week all about really?
toward a culture of open-ness.CC: BY-NC-SA sciencesque http://www.flickr.com/photos/apoptotic/2540055580/
toward a participatory culture using and reusing
creative materials for a variety of purposes.
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DailyPic
art
musicRecovering Sick Soul
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One Laptop per Child
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education
a shared culture.
It’s a culture of participation, of collaboration, of sharing, of freedom and access to information and ideas.
A cultural ideal that we build on the work of those who come before us.
that creativity and innovation don’t happen in vacuums, but in spaces where people can use and reuse.
Some rights reserved
Canned Muffinshow we get there is important.
by mandate
Public Domain Image: http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/4442673734/
by choice
cc: by-nc-sa jairoagua http://www.flickr.com/photos/31065898@N08/8220970905/
forming a shared culture• faculty, students, staff, administrators use,
create, and share openly licensed educational media.
• institutions support open access journals and open textbooks.
• developers use and contribute to openly licensed software initiatives that function on open source platforms.
• all parties participate in innovative teaching and learning exercises that uphold open principles.
getting there is a process.
Robert Farrow, Open University UK: “openness describes its use, not just what it is”
Peter Suber: “There is no benefit in being closed, only benefit in being high quality, peer reviewed.”
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/5679580299/
thepresent
“a universal educational resource available for the
whole of humanity” (UNESCO, 2002)
CC: BY-SA Opensourceway http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/
What are Open Educational Resources?
Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries. This group met to discuss the implications of MIT’s OpenCourseWare initiative; and in the report generated from this meeting they described an Open Education Resource as “a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity.”
bringing resources to the public for free, without restriction, and for the benefit of the public.
“Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under a copyright license that permits their free use and repurposing by others.”
Photo: License Undetermined http://davidwiley.org/
- Dr. David Wiley (Lumen Learning)
What are Open Educational Resources?
Wide Variety of OERTeaching & Learning Materials• Open Textbooks (Digital / Print-on-Demand)
• Open Courseware (Presentations, Recorded Lectures, Lecture Notes, Syllabi)
• Classroom activities, lesson plans, assessments• Homework and practice exercises• Online modules and exercises
Authentic content in the L2 (texts, video, audio, images, realia)
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/osucommons/3529534404/
What are Open Educational Resources ?
“...educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some license to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”
• free, as in no fees, does not mean open
• open access does not mean openly licensed
- Hewlett Foundation
No cost vs. Freedom to reuse, revise, remix, redistribute.
Of the vast number of online resources accessible for free; few are actually Open.
Free vs. Open
CC: BY-NC CodyHoffman http://www.flickr.com/photos/thepinklemon/3876034684/
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iley
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Free vs. Open
The 4Rs
CC: BY Ivan Zuber http://www.flickr.com/photos/ivanzuber/2776100984/
Reuse
Revise
Remix
Redistribute
use the content in its unaltered / verbatim form.
adapt, adjust, modify, improve, or alter (translate).
combine the original or revised content with another OER to create something new.
share copies of the original content, your revisions, or your remixes with others.
All Rights Reserved
C
Copyright protects your creativity against uses you
don’t consent to.
CC: BY-NC-SA Great Beyond http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonyjcase/7483795014/
exclusive right to: • make copies• distribute, share, sell• perform or display in public• make derivative works (adaptations,
translations, supplemental materials)• distribute, share, sell, and copy
derivative works • license others to do those things
Copyright limits the 4Rs
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/3915529903/
ArtWritings
Music
MoviesAll Images Public Domain Content
what is the purpose of copyright?
no known copyright restrictions
The U.S. National Archives
remember the earlier definition by UNESCO?
“to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for a limited Time to Authors
and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
Discoveries."
Purpose of Copyright?
- From The U.S. Constitution
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/
Resource available for the whole of humanity.
Purpose of Copyright?“to promote the Progress
of Science and useful Arts, by securing for a limited Time to Authors
and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
Discoveries."
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/
- From The U.S. Constitution
“seriously? Maybe 150 years before someone can use this photo?”
Copyright law is about the balance between the authors’ need to make money and society’s need for progress. But for progress to happen, people need to be able to share knowledge and create works based on other works.
CCSome Rights Reserved
Benefits of Open Licenses
http://creativecommons.org/license/
Public Domain
All Rights Reserved
Some rights reserved: a spectrum
least restrictive most restrictive
Benefits of Open Licenses
Users allowed to:• Copy & distribute (don’t have to ask
permission from the copyright holder)
• Legally download and publish (don’t have to rely just on linking)
• Adapt and customize the material (in most cases)
CC: BY-NC DoimSioraf http://www.flickr.com/photos/cleanslatephotography/7899423426/
Difference between OA and OER
OA: Open AccessOER: Open Educational Resources
• OA focuses on sharing content, but there is no underlying licensing requirement.
• OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license (nix ND).
• OER and OA are friends
OA // OER - buddies
OA
OERopenly licensed educational content available online, for download, use, reuse, redistribution.
free, permanent, full-text, online
access to scientific and
scholarly works.
Difference between OCW & OER
OCW: Open CourseWareOER: Open Educational Resources
• OCW focuses on sharing open content that is developed specifically to instruct a course (locally taught).
• OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license, whether or not it is a part of a course.
• OCW is a subset of OER
OCW // OER - overlap
OER
OCWsyllabi, lecture notes, presentation slides, assignments, lecture videos - all related to a course.
OCW, single images, general
campus lectures, image collections,
singular learning modules, papers
or articles, videos, modules,
workbooks, etc.
OER and eLearning: a relationship
OER• may exist in electronic or paper form• may not contain enough context to be
“instructional”.• are always licensed for reuse, redistribution,
and re-mixing.
eLearning resources• exist only in electronic form.• are generally designed to be instructional.• may not always be licensed for open use.
eLearning // OER - intersection
OER
eLearning
intersection represents openly licensed, electronic,
educational resources
MOOCs
a creative spark
What we believe about OER
CC: BY-NC-SA Lotus Carroll http://www.flickr.com/photos/thelotuscarroll/8634893717/
CC: BY-NC-nd de.laina http://www.flickr.com/photos/delainamonster/2849056106/
an adaptable resource
CC: By Robert S. Donovan hhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/booleansplit/4211421316/
a driver of innovation
an investment in a new educational paradigm
CC: BY-NC-nd jessica lucia http://www.flickr.com/photos/theloushe/4812675727/
the past
gioiadeantoniis
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source: The New York Times
source: MIT
Increase in Involvement
source: OCW Consortium
2008 - 2012: period of adoption
source: OCW Consortium
2008 - 2012: period of innovation
“There’s not much GoodOpen Content out there.”
Michał Sacharewicz
Some rights reservedthere are many myths.
17 million free media files (photos, videos, sounds)
240 million free, sharable photos (with CC license)
42,000 public domain books (65 languages)
4 million openly licensed videos (lectures, modules, etc.)
The Numbers
Language Specific OER
mjzitek
Some rights reservedthere are many challenges.
Challenges & Difficulties in Search
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nlscotland/3011974213/
a lack of consistent metadata makes it difficult to always find resources
various repositories use different APIs
broken links
lack of clear licensing information, difficult to determine if something is OER or not
no single repository
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C
outdated teaching methodsuniinnsbruck
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A B vs.
A B c d e f g
h
2
4 18
we are part of the problem.
I like
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the beginning
PtM 1985Some rights reserved
Freedom; not free beer.
It’s Good to Share
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/4900465601/
Create content using tools that make it easy to share
Share what you create; license it using Creative Commons
Encourage others to share
Support those who do share
how we learn, not what we learn.
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4011523181/
where to start
let’s get back to the idea of education being an
organic environment.
our role to cultivate an environment for growth and
improvement and to personalize teaching and
learning.
“...life is not linear; it’s organic. We create our lives symbiotically as we explore our talents in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.”- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)
CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/
“...it’s not about scaling a new solution; it’s about creating a movement in education in which people develop their own solutions, but with external support based on personalized curriculum.”
- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)
CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/
“When we look at reforming education and transforming it, it isn’t like cloning a system. It’s about customizing to your circumstances and personalizing education to the people you’re already teaching. And doing that...is the answer to the future because it’s not about scaling a new solution; it’s about creating a movement in education in which people develop their own solutions, but with external support based on personalized curriculum.”
“We haven’t come close to tapping the full potential of OER. We need to help more people understand that these materials are not just free, they can also create communities of teachers and learners who collaborate on their continuous improvement, and that’s the real magic – in the actual reuse and remix.”
- Cathy Casserly (Creative Commons)
CC BY 3.0 Digital Public Library of America: http://dp.la/info/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/CCasserly_highres.jpg
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Garin FonsCenter for Open Educational Resources and Language [email protected]