Post on 27-Mar-2015
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DDC number building for shelf arrangement
Julianne Beall
Assistant Editor, DDC
Library of Congress
July 4, 2006 Vienna
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Broad outline
Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers
Part 2. Class numbers
Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of subarrangement
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Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers
Call number = class number + book number (or other method of alphabetic subarrangement)
Example:
641.5972
.B3433
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Call number
A set of letters, numerals or other symbols (in combination or alone) used by a library to identify a specific copy of a work. A call number consists of the class number and book number (or Cutter number).
It may also contain other data such as date, volume number, copy number and location symbol.
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Class number
Notation that designates the class to which a given item belongs.
Example: 641.5972 Cooking characteristic of Mexico
Used for Rick Bayless's Mexican kitchen :capturing the vibrant flavors of a world-class cuisine
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Book number
The part of a call number that distinguishes a specific item from other items within the same class number, also called a Cutter number. A book number is composed of letters from the author's name and numbers.
Example: .B3433 for Bayless, Rick
From OCLC Cutter Four-Figure Table
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Other method of alphabetic subarrangement
Instead of formal book numbers, many libraries prefer simple methods of alphabetic subarrangement
Example: Bay for Bayless, Rick
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Part 2. Class numbers
Broad classification and logical abridgment
Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)
Building with add tables
Building with other add notes
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Broad classification
The classification of works in broad categories by logical abridgment, even when more specific numbers are available, e.g., the use of 641.5 Cooking instead of 641.5972 Mexican cooking for a cookbook of Mexican recipes.
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Logical abridgment
The abridged number is the same as the full number, but shorter
The number is abridged at a logical place
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Abridged edition
A shortened version of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system that is a logical truncation of the notational and structural hierarchy of the corresponding full edition on which it is based. The abridged edition is intended for general collections of 20,000 titles or less.
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Segmentation marks (/ or ‘)
Records from Library of Congress and Library and Archives Canada include segmentation marks in Dewey class numbers
These marks show end of abridged number
The slash (/) appears in MARC records
The prime mark (‘) appears in Cataloging in Publication printed in books
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Example of segmentation
641.5/6314
The abridged number (641.5) means cooking
The full number (641.56314) means cooking for people with diabetes
Never include segmentation marks in call numbers
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Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)
Numbers from auxiliary tables are never used alone for shelf arrangement
They may, however, be used alone in a database for resource discovery
Today we won’t be able to cover all six auxiliary tables; we will cover the following tables:
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Tables to be covered today
Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons
Table 1. Standard Subdivisions
Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors
Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More than One Author
Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups
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Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons
The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation T1—09 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., wages (331.29) in Japan (T2—52 in this table): 331.2952 ; railroad transportation (385) in Brazil (T2—81 in this table): 385.0981
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641.593-641.599 Cooking characteristic of specific continents, countries, localities
Add to base number 641.59 notation T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2 , e.g., Southern cooking (United States) 641.5975
T2—75 Southeastern United States (South Atlantic states)
Class here southern states
641.59+[T2—]75=641.5975
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641.59+[T2—]436=641.59436 (etc.)
641.59436 Austrian cooking
641.5943613 Cooking of Vienna
641.5944 French cooking
641.59442 Cooking of Normandy
641.59449 Cooking of Provence
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641.59+[T2—]45=641.5945 (etc.)
641.5945 Italian cooking
641.59455 Cooking of Tuscany
641.59458Cooking of Sicily
641.595 Asian cooking
641.5951 Chinese cooking
641.5952 Japanese cooking
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Facet
Any of the various categories into which a given class may be divided, e.g., division of the class "people" into the categories of ethnicity, age, education and language spoken. Each category contains terms based on a single characteristic of division, e.g., children, adolescents and adults are characteristics of division of the "ages" category.
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Facet indicator
A digit used to introduce notation representing a characteristic of the subject. For example, "0" is often used as a facet indicator to introduce standard subdivision concepts.
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Rule for logical abridgment
Never abridge a number so as to leave a “0” or other facet indicator at the end, in the part following the decimal point
Dewey numbers may end with “0” before the decimal point
Examples:630 is O.K.
630.90 is not O.K.
630.9 is O.K.
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Table 1. Standard Subdivisions
The following notation is never used alone, but may be used as required with any regular schedule number, e.g., workbooks (T1—076 in this table) in arithmetic (513): 513.076. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number
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T1—09 Historical, geographic, persons
treatment
T1—092 PersonsBiography, autobiography, description and critical appraisal of work, diaries . . .
Class here treatment of individuals
T1—093-T1—099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds
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T1—09 Historical, geographic, persons
treatment
T1—093-T1—099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds
Add to base number T1—09 notation T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2, e.g., the subject in North America T1—097, in Brazil T1—0981
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630 Agriculture and related technologies
Standard subdivisions are added for agriculture and related technologies together, for agriculture alone
630.9 Agriculture—history
630.92 Agricultural workers, farmers
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63+[T1—]09+[T2—]4=630.94 (etc.)
630.94 Agriculture—Europe
630.9436 Agriculture—Austria
630.94363Agriculture—Salzburg province
630.944 Agriculture—France
630.94438 Agriculture—Lorraine
630.945 Agriculture—Italy
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634.9+[T1—]09=634.909 (etc.)
634.9 Forestry
634.909 Forestry—history
634.9092 Foresters
634.9094 Forestry—Europe
634.909436 Forestry—Austria
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Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups
The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation T1—089 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., civil and political rights ( 323.11 ) of Navajo Indians ( T5—9726 in this table): 323.119726 ; ceramic arts ( 738 ) of Jews ( T5—924 in this table): 738.089924 . They may also be used when so noted with numbers from other tables, e.g., notation T2—174 from Table 2
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Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups (2)
Except where instructed otherwise, and unless it is redundant, add 0 to the number from this table and to the result add notation T2—1 or T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2 for area in which a group is or was located, e.g., Germans in Brazil T5—31081 , but Germans in Germany T5—31 ; Jews in Germany or Jews from Germany T5—924043
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305.805-305.89 Specific ethnic and national groups
Add to base number 305.8 notation T5—05-T5—9 from Table 5, e.g., comprehensive works on Jews 305.8924, Chinese 305.8951, Chinese Australians 305.8951094, Inuit 305.89712
305.8+[T5—]951+0+[T2—]94= 305.8951094
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305.8+[T5—]31 (etc.)
305.831 Germans
305.835 Swiss
305.836 Austrians
305.841 French
305.851 Italians
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305.8+[T5—]41+0+[T2—]494=305.8410494
305.835 Swiss
305.836 Austrians
305.841 French
305.8410494 French-speaking Swiss
305.851 Italians
305.8510494 Italian-speaking Swiss
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830.1-838 Subdivisions of German literature
Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German literature 830.8
T3B—08 Collections of literary texts in more than one form
83+[T3B—]08=830.8
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Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More than One Author
T3B—08 Collections of literary texts in more than one form
T3B—09 History, description, critical appraisal of works in more
than one form
830.8 German literature—collections
830.9 German literature—history and criticism
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830.1-838 Subdivisions of German literature
Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German literature 830.8
PERIOD TABLE
. . . . .
912 1900-1945
914 1945-1990
92 1990-
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Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors
T3A—1 Poetry
T3A—11-T3A—19 Poetry of specific periods
Add to T3A—1 notation from the period table for the specific literature in 810-890, e.g., earliest period T3A—11; do not add standard subdivisions
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83+[T3A—]1+912=831.912 (etc.)
Specific literature (German) + specific form (poetry) + literary period (1900-1945) (etc.)
831.912 German poetry—1900-1945
831.914 German poetry—1945-1990
831.92 German poetry—1990-
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598 *Aves (Birds)
Class here land birds, ornithology
*Add as instructed under 592-599
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Add table at 592-599
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592-599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals
Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows:
1 General topics of natural history of animals
Add to base number 1 the numbers following 591 in 591.3-591.7, e.g., beneficial animals 163
598+1+[591.]63=598.163
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“1” as facet indicator
In the add table at 592-599, “1” introduces the facet: General topics of natural history of animals
Never abridge a number built using this add table with the facet indicator “1” at the end of the number after the decimal point
“1” is also used as facet indicator elsewhere in life sciences (570-590) and in music (780)
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598+1+[591.]63=598.163
591 Specific topics in natural history of animals
591.6 Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of animals
591.63 Beneficial animals
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598+1+[591.]38=598.138 (etc.)
598.138 Birds—evolution
598.139 Baby birds
598.1468 Eggs—birds
598.15 Behavior—birds
598.156 Life cycle—birds
598.1564 Birds' nests
598.1568 Migratory birds
598.176 Aquatic birds
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338.4 Secondary industries and services
338.47001-338.47999 Subdivisions for products and services
Add to base number 338.47 notation 001-999, e.g., gasoline production industry 338.4766553827, tourist industry 338.4791 . . . .
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338.47+004=338.47004 (etc.)
338.47004 Computer industry
338.47004678 Internet industry
338.470705 Publishing industry
338.47374013 Adult vocational education and
training services industry
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338.47+6151=338.476151 (etc.)
338.476151 Drugs (Pharmaceuticals) industry
338.476205 Nanotechnology industry
338.47621381 Electronic equipment industry
338.4762382 Shipbuilding industry
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338.47+624=338.47624 (etc.)
338.47624 Construction industry
338.4764794 Hotel industry
338.4764795 Food services industry
338.4766 Chemical industries
338.476621 Fireworks industry
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338.47+664853=338.47664853 (etc.)
338.47664853 Frozen vegetables industry
338.476649 Meat processing industry
338.4766492 Beef processing industry
338.4766493 Chicken (Meat) processing industry
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338.47+666=338.47666 (etc.)
338.47666 Ceramics industry
338.476691 Iron industry—metallurgy
338.47669142 Steel industry—metallurgy
338.47674 Lumber industry
338.47674142 Hardwood lumber industry
338.4767483 Composite woods industry
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Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of subarrangement
All methods of subarrangement are optional and not part of DDC proper
Many different methods of subarrangement are used in Dewey libraries
In a very few places in the DDC there are instructions for subarrangement—but they are optional
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Arrange alphabetically
Rare instruction in DDC
Always optional
006.74 Markup languages
Arrange alphabetically by name of language, e.g., XML
006.74
.X6
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Arrange chronologically
Rare instruction in DDC
Optional
796.98 Winter Olympic games
Arrange specific games chronologically
796.98
2006
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Individual biographies
Arrange alphabetically by name of biographee
Example: biography of forester Emile Grandjean
634.9092
.G764
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Double Cuttering
If you use Cutter numbers to arrange alphabetically by topic (e.g., name of biographee), you may then add a second Cutter number for the author’s name.
As with all forms of subarrangement, double Cuttering is not part of DDC proper
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Example of double Cuttering
Biography of forester Emile Grandjean
Grandjean : man of the forests
By Gordon S. Bowen
634.9092
.G764B6754
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Dewey Cutter Program
http://www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.htm
Free download
OCLC Four-Figure Cutter Tables
Compatible with Cutter Three-Figure Author Table
Compatible with Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Table
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Dewey Cutter Program
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Cutter Four-Figure Table: examples
Sa565 (Sanders, Margaret)
Sch721 (Schreiber, Albert)
Sch723 (Schreiber, John)
Sch7243 (Schreiber, Nancy)
Sch7247 (Schreiber, Robert)
Sch725 (Schreiber, William)
St835 (Streeter, Joan)
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Cutter-Sanborn Four-Figure Table: examples
S2156 (Sanders, Margaret)
S3781 (Schreiber, Albert)
S3783 (Schreiber, John)
S37843 (Schreiber, Nancy)
S37845 (Schreiber, Robert)
S37847 (Schreiber, William)
S9154 (Streeter, Joan)
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Other methods of alphabetic subarrangement
Many libraries use all or part of an author’s name for alphabetic subarrangement
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Example of another method of alphabetic subarrangement
Sanders
Schreiber, A
Schreiber, J
Schreiber, N
Schreiber, R
Schreiber, W
Streeter
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Resources and links (1)
ddc-deutsch:
http://www.ddc-deutsch.de/
Dewey Cutter Program:
http://www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.htm
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Resources and links (2)
Comaromi, John P. Book numbers: a historical study and practical guide to their use. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1981
Lehnus, Donald J. Book numbers: history, principles, and application. Chicago: American Library Association, 1980
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Resources and links (3)
Online DDC Catalogs:
http://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/worldwide/default.htm