N.S. 100 Lecture 4a– Cell Part 1 There are two versions of this file on my web

site. It is a large file and it may be more convenient for you to view the pdf version of

this file online.

CELLS~ smallest unit of life

~ highly organized

Adult human stem cell

http://www.petitmusee.org/images/ameba_jpg.jpg

Algae cell Protozoan cell

Protozoan cell

Algae cell

Cells come in all shapes and sizes

Blood cellsNerve cell

Bacteria cells

…….more cell shapes and sizes

Fungus infected skin cells

~ All cells are chemical factories ~

http://images.pennnet.com/gallery/cgw/0600_cancer_cells.jpg

Cancer cells = abnormal cell products

make them look and behave abnormally

Two basic types of cells:Proc(k)aryotic Cells

Lack internal membranes or compartments

Bacteria and blue green bacteria

Euc(k)aryotic Cells

Contain organelles (internal membranes & membrane bound compartments)

Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protista

Spirals

spheres

Rods

Three prokaryotic cell shapes

~Bacteria~ example of prokaryotic

Eucaryotic cells found in: plants, fungi, protista, and animals

http://www.oup.co.uk/images/oxed/children/yoes/nature/animalcell.jpg

http://www.escellinternational.com/images/content%20images/cell1.jpg

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01541a.jpg

Eucaryotic cells contain organelles =

internal membrane structures

“Oily” membranes surround cells and organelles

Water

Oil Drop

Organelles are like oil drops (liposomes, lipo = fat, some = body)

and they do not dissolve in water

Water

Oil

Organelles = oil drops with enzymes inside

Human cheek cells magnified 400 times

Nucleus (organelle)

NucleusEukaryotic cells

DNA called chromatin = blueprint for proteins

surrounded by nuclear envelope (membrane)

Nuclear pores

Nucleolus

Nuclear membrane with pores

DNA

Nucleolus

DNA or Chromatin -

appears as dots, but it is really a threadlike material

DNA

Chromatin

Each human cell has 9 feet of chromatin

Human brain 100 billion cells 900 billion feet of

DNA

Biology by Mader, 2001

Nuclear membrane or envelope

Nuclear membrane with protein lined pores

chromatin

Nuclear pore

Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

Nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

organelle

organelle

organelle

organelle

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm all living material in cell minus the nucleusCytosol = cytoplasm minus organelles = fluid

Nucleus

Nucleus

Endomembrane System ~series of connected membranes ~manufacture & delivery of products

Endomembrane system

Cell product

Endomembrane System:Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ~ ribosomes ~ ribosomes make proteins

Smooth ER ~ enzymes detoxify carcinogens, pesticides

~ lipid synthesis

Golgi Complex ~ tags proteins for delivery options

Biology by Solomon, 2002

3 parts of the Endomembrane

system

Rough Endoplasmsic Reticulum

Membranes

Ribosomes