Topic Name

NOUN

Prepared by:

Ali Sher

Asif Javed

Muhammad Javed Iqbal

Muhammad Arshad

What is Noun?

A noun is the name of person, place, thing or an

idea.

Nouns

A noun is

a place,

a thing,

or an idea.

a person,

Kinds of nounFollowing are some kinds of nouns:

A concrete noun is the name of thing or person that can be touched or seen.

Table ,Father ,Lahore etc.

Concrete noun

Example

Division of Concrete noun

Concrete noun is further divided into two kinds.

A proper noun is the name of some particular person,place or thing.

Proper noun

Personal names

Keats, Ali, Asia

Geographical names

Pakistan, Punjab, England

Example

Division of Concrete noun

Name of Things

Names of places

Lahore, Karachi, Vehari

Names of months

May, Friday, Spring

Plastic Jug, Revolving ChairWhite board marker

Common nounA common noun is name of common person, place, or

a thing.

Names of places

Village,City,Country,Park

Names of Persons

Man,Woman,boy,girl

Examples

Common nounA common noun is name of common person, place, or

a thing.

Examples

Name of Things

Jug,Marker,chair

Division of Common noun

Common noun are further divided into two kinds.

Countable nouns

Uncountable nouns

And

Countable and uncountable nouns nouns

Count Nouns

Uncountable Nouns

are nouns that you can count.

are nouns that you cannot count.

one chair two chairs

water money

Countable nouns

A countable noun is the name of thing or person that can be counted or divided into singular or plural.

A girl, a boy, a goat, a pencil, a book, a class, an army

See M

ore

Examp

les

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For nouns that end with a consonant, add s.one Chair two Chair

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For most nouns that end with a vowel, add s.

one bee two bees

(Nouns that end in o are exceptions. See the next two slides.)

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For most nouns that end in o, add s.

one piano two

(See the next slide for exceptions.)

pianos

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For some nouns that end in o, add es. one potato a lot of potatoes

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For nouns that end in a consonant and y, the y becomesies.

one lady five first ladies

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For nouns that end with a vowel and y, add s.one monkey two monkeys

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For nouns that end in fe, change the fe to v and adds.

one knife three knives

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

For nouns that end in sh, ch, x, s, z, add es.

one dress three dresses

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

Some plural forms are the same as the singular form.

one sheep two sheep

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

Some words have no singular form.

scissorsglasses

shorts

To count these nouns, you need to use a pair of, two pairs of, etc.

Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?

Some nouns have an irregular plural.

mouse tooth

mice

teeth

foot

feet

Uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are those nouns which cannot be counted.

Stars,hair,sands,milk, wool, oxygen, flour, wheat, air etc.

See M

ore

Examp

les

Uncountable nouns

There are a lot of different kinds of Uncountable nouns. Below are some examples.

Types of Uncountable Nouns Examples

No Distinct Parts milk coffee water

Parts That Are Small rice sugar grass

Categories mail furniture money

Abstractions love advice education

Sports/Recreation soccer chess baseball

Fields of Study grammar music law

Medical Conditions arthritis cancer flu

Note – Uncountable nouns take singular verbs.Grammar is useful.

Collective nounA collective noun is the name of a group of beings of

things regarded as a whole:

See m

ore

Examp

les

Forest,Army,Jury,Class,Crowd,Police

Example

A goose

A flock of geese

One hedgehog

A prickle of hedgehogs

An elephant

A herd of elephants

A bloat of Hippopotami

One Hippopotamus

Abstract nounAn abstract noun is the name of an idea ,state ,quality

or feeling:

It cannot be touched.

It cannot be seen.

Love, happiness ,bravery ,joy ,darkness ,honesty , hate etc.

Example

Animate nouns

Refer to a person, animal, or other creature;

(man, elephant, chicken...)

Animate nouns

Inanimate noun

Refers to a material object;

(stone, wood, table...)

An inanimate noun

Compound nouns

These are nouns which are made by combining two ormore items linked with or without a hyphen as;

Breads and butter, Father-in-law, Sidetable,Coffeecups,

Teaspoon, Everyone, Classroom, Timetable, homework etc.

Examples

Material noun

A material noun is a word for a material, a substance, or an ingredient thatother things are made from.

• Brass, calcium ,cement ,cocoa, concrete, cotton, eggs,gold,iron

Examples

GenderThere are three kinds of gender:

Masculine gender show the name of male persons or animals forinstance men, boy, cock, fox,bull,dog

NeuterFeminine Masculine

Masculine

Gender

Feminine gender points out female persons or animals aswomen, girl, hen, vixen,cow,bitch,bird,queen

Neuter gender denotes the name of things that have neither masculine nor feminine gender but belong to both sexes as;

Baby, , student,teacher,goat,crow, Player etc.

Feminine

Neuter

Note

It may be noted that vehicles, countries areregarded as feminine gender. She is used forthem as pronoun. Things known as a symbolof beauty as moon, cuckoo and cars arefeminine.,

Gender in people

Boy, girl; son, daughter; husband, wife; man, woman; father, mother; uncle,

aunt; nephew niece; etc.

Gender in animals

Bull, cow; duck, drake; ram, awe; cock, hen;stage, deer; dog, bitch; tiger, tigress; lion,lioness etc.

Number in Nouns

Countable nouns have two numbers as singular and plural. A noun which denotes one or a single person, place or thing is

known as singular.

Similarly

A noun that denotes more than one person, place, or thing is a plural noun.

Change of Noun

Regular Plural Nouns:The plural of nouns is usually formed by

adding ‘s’ to a singular noun is called a regular plural noun as

Lamp/lamps, flower/flowers, cat/cats etc.

Noun ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel letter, their plurals by adding ‘s’.

day/days, toy/toys, valley/valleys etc.

If nouns end in ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘z’, ‘o’, ‘ch’, and ‘sh’ they form the plural by adding ‘es’ as

moss/mosses, box/boxes/ buzz/buzzes,

potato/potatoes, dish/dishes, lunch/lunches

arch/arches, mango/mangoes etc.

Irregular Plural Nouns

Irregular plural nouns are nouns that when they change from singular form to plural, their spelling changes in a different way as in mouse and mice. For example:

Nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant are formed into a plural by changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’ as lady/ladies, city/cities, baby/babies,

If ‘y’ preceded by a vowel then only ‘s’ added for plural as

day/days, clay/clays, gray/grays etc.

There are some nouns that form the plurals differently. Some nouns change their vowels in the middle of the singular form when forming the plural as

goose/geese, foot/feet, man/men etc.

if a noun end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ then we add ‘ves’ for plural as

Wife/wives, thief/thieves, knife/knives etc.

several nouns form the plural by adding the letters ‘en’ as

Ox/oxen, child/children, man/women etc.

There are some nouns which are the same in singular and plural as

Deer/deer, sheep/sheep, fish/fish

Function of Noun

Function

Nominative Possessive Dative Apposition

Nominative case

when a noun is used as a subject of verb it is usedto be in the Nominative case.

Noun can work as the subject of a verb :

For example.

Ali arrived.

Ali noun as a subject of verb

Arrived verb

Definition

Accusative Case

When noun is used as the object of a verb, it is said to be Accusative case.

For example,

I saw Ali.

Ali Noun as the object of verb(saw)

Definition

Possessive or genitive Case

It shows ownership or possession OR

It also shows authorship ,origin or kind etc.

For example:

This is Ali’s book.

Ali’s book noun as a possessive case.

Definition

Dative Case

DefinitionIt is an indirect object of verb that’s why it

is said to be Dative case.

For example:

Javed gave Ali a book.

She gave the postman a letter.

Ali and the postman is an indirect object of the verb(gave)

Dative Case

Apposition Case

When one noun follows another to describe it, thenoun which follows is said to b Apposition noun.

Yesterday, I met your uncle the doctor.

The doctor is the Apposition of Uncle.

My brother Ali is a nice man.

Ali is the apposition of brother.

Definition

For example

Noun as the complement of verb

When a noun works as the complement of a verb, it is called complement of verb.

Ali is a teacher.

Asif is a singer

teacher noun as a complement of verb.

singer noun as a complement of verb.

Noun as the Object of Preposition

Noun can work as the object of preposition.

For example,

I spoke to Ali.

Ali noun as the object of a preposition(to)

Gerund as nounGerund can also be used as a noun of verb in

the form of subject.

For example,

Hunting tiger is a favorite sport in this country.

Gerund noun as a subject of verb.

Gerund noun as the object of verb

Gerund can also be used in the form of noun as an object of verb.

For example,

I like reading poetry.

Gerund noun as an object of verb (like).

Infinitive as nounInfinitive noun as the subject of verb

Infinitive in the form of noun can also be used as a subject of verb.

For example.

To work hard is the key of success.

Infinitive in the form of noun used as the subject of verb (is)

Infinitive noun as the object of verb:

Infinitive in form of noun can be used as an object of verb.

,

Birds love to sing.

Infinitive in the form of noun used as an object of verb(love).

For example

Questions Sessions