Notes

Welcome to Welcome to CATSCATS

“There are two types of speakers: “There are two types of speakers: those that are nervous those that are nervous

and those that are liars.”and those that are liars.”

- Mark Twain- Mark Twain

Taking Chances“If you’re never scared or embarrassed or

hurt, it means you never take any chances.”

- Julia Sorel, Author

“If you’re not failing every once in a while, you’re living life too cautiously.”

- The Natural Speaker on p. 20

What is a Public Speaker?A person who prepares and delivers a

presentation to a group that listens, generally without interrupting the flow of ideas.

Examples of Public SpeakingCamp Counselor telling stories to kidsKayak Instructor teaching beginnersWedding ToastAnnouncementsReportsPresentation in classShow and TellJob InterviewClient PresentationFamily Gatherings

What Will We Learn?

Planning SpeechesPresenting SpeechesEvaluating SpeechesManaging Anxiety

You Won’t Pass Out

It’s Okay: Everyone is Afraid

We WillAct as a team.Build a learning community.Deliver speeches extemporaneously. Work from an outline, not a verbatim script.Use emotion.

We WillTalk about subjects we care about.Learn how to critique our speeches and other

people’s speeches effectively.Enjoy the experience.Learn a set of procedures for preparing a speech

and set of skills for delivering a speech that we can use in any public speaking situation.

Enjoy the experience.

We Won’tStand at a podium.Make boring presentations.Pass out during a speech.Write a script out in advance.Talk about subjects we don’t care about.

Strengths and AFI’sStrengths: these are areas that you

did well in a speech. It doesn’t mean they’re perfect. There is always room for growth.

Areas For Improvement: we won’t use the word “weakness” in this class. Public speakers are always evolving. There is no such thing as a “perfect” speech.

Why Does Public Speaking Matter?98% of personnel interviewers identified

both verbal and written communication skills as significant factors in hiring decisions.

What are the Symptoms of Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA)?SweatUpset StomachStutterHands shakeBlotchinessCotton MouthSpeech rate increases

What Can I Do about PSA?Proper attitudeExperience PreparationBody MovementProper breathing

What Can I Do about PSA?Concentrate Audience won’t notice all your symptoms

Audience wants you to succeedAudience AnalysisVisualization

Introductions1. Grab the audience’s attention2. Preview the speech

ConclusionsSummarize the speechLeave the audience with something memorable.

Extemporaneous StyleShould feel like a conversation. You will work from an outline. No memorized texts allowed.Keep your eyes focused on the audience

most of time, simply glancing down at their outline when necessary.

Best speaking style for most public speaking situations.

What Makes an Effective Speech?Two Major Audience Questions1. Why should they care about this topic?2. Why should they believe you about this

topic?

What Non-Verbal Elements Make an Effective Speech?1. Posture2. Body Movement3. Gestures & Facial Expressions4. Eye Contact5. Pacing6. Voice Projection7. Enunciation & Pronunciation8. Inflection 9. Enthusiasm & Animation10. Rehearsal11. Confidence

PostureAn upright posture is important for

credibility, and for putting your body in the best position to project your voice and gesture effectively.

Body MovementAdds emphasis and enhances meanings.Engages the audience by increasing the

visual elements of the speech.Helps guard against ineffective listening.

Gestures and Facial ExpressionsEnhances and emphasizes meanings in your

speech.

PacingRapid pacing makes it difficult for the

audience to absorb the material in your speech.

Eye ContactBuilds trust and credibility with the audience.

Voice ProjectionYou need to be heard throughout the room.

Enunciation and PronunciationSpeaking clearly and saying the word in the

proper way.

InflectionThe emphasis you place on words.Where you pause.Where you take a breath.

Enthusiasm and AnimationEnthusiasm helps engage the audience.If you don’t care, why should the audience.

HumorEngages the audience, and tends to relax the

speaker.

RehearsalEnough that you know the material and

movements the day you deliver the speech.Not so much that it begins to sound

memorized and programmed.

Outlines

Major ideas and their relationship to one another.

Written in full sentences or phrases with a heading, indentation, coordination, and subordination.

Software programs have formatting features or style tools that automatically format outlines .

The OutlineInstead of writing out the entire speech word

for wordA brief organization of the main thoughts of a

speech. Allows the speaker to speak from the heart

and present a conversational way.

I. Major pointA.First-level supporting point

1. Second-level supporting point2. Second-level supporting point

a. Third-level supporting pointb. Third-level supporting point

B. First-level supporting point

II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point

Coordination – points are arranged into various levels

Points ona specificlevel havethe same valueor weight

I. Major pointA. First-level supporting point

1. Second-level supporting point2. Second-level supporting point

a. Third-level supporting pointb. Third-level supporting point

B. First-level supporting point

II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point

Indentation – formatting by spacing inward various levels of points

Alternateletters andnumbers

I. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point

II. Major pointA. First-level supporting pointB. First-level supporting point

Subordination Placement of supporting points under major points

Outlines have 3 Basic PartsIntroduction: includes attention getter and

previewBody: 75-80% of your speaking time and outlineConclusion: sum up and leave them with

something memorableThese will start fairly simply and get more

complicated as the speeches get longer and more complex

Note CardsKey words and phrases.For example, Story about MonksKey word approach helps jar your memory.

Creating Speaking Note Cards Write legibly – print or type key words. Number your cards. Write on only one side of each card. Delete nonessential words. Use five or six lines per card. Highlight important ideas. Practice in front of another person—your most

critical friend. Use cards unobtrusively.

8 Attention GettersAudience QuestionAmusing AnecdoteStartling StatementStartling StatisticHypothetical SituationQuotationJokePaint a Picture