Post on 15-Dec-2014
description
Jordan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Architecture and Design / Department of Architecture Arch. 331 Modern Architecture Instructor: Dr. Raed Al Tal Summer 2012
Sculptural ArchitectureExpressionist Architecture
Expressionist architecture, Early expressionism, from 1910 until ca. 1924
The style was characterised by :
1- an early modernist adoption of novel materials, 2- formal innovation, 3- and very unusual massing, sometimes inspired by natural biomorphic forms, sometimes by the new technical possibilities offered by the mass production of brick, steel and especially glass.
Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953)
German architect , known for his thumbnail sketches To control the concept
· Einstein Tower · near Potsdam, Germany
Notre- Dame-du-Haut/ Ronchamp ChapelLe Corbusier (1950-1954)
Notre- Dame-du-Haut/ Ronchamp Chapel
Le Corbusier (1950-1954)
A small pilgrimage church in France , contains a miraculous statue which attracts thousands of people on special occasions
There had been a pilgrimage chapel on the site dedicated to the Virgin Mary, but it had been destroyed during the Second World War. After the war, it was decided to rebuild on the same site.
The chapel at Ronchamp is singular in Corbusier's oeuvre, in that it departs from his principles of standardization and the machine aesthetic, giving in instead to a site-specific response.
It was the site that provided an irresistible genius loci / (spirit of the place) for the response, with the horizon visible on all four sides of the hill and its historical legacy for centuries as a place of worship.
Structure
The structure is made mostly of concrete
and is comparatively small,
enclosed by thick walls,
with the upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls, like a sail billowing in the windy currents on the hill top.
Eero Saarinen (1910-1961)
Was a Finnish American architect and product designer of the 20th century famous for varying his style according to the demands of the project: simple, sweeping, arching structural curves or machine-like rationalism
TWA terminal at the J.F.Kennedy International Airport, New York 1956-62
Technological setting:
The development of single arched shell into double-arched saddle; the civil engineering achievements in covering and constructing vast span structures;
-Structural feat, steel structure, space frame, three dimensional systems for evenly distributing load in all directions, all has achieved remarkable spans.
-Dynamic, up swinging roofs in every imaginable curving form
-It is in principle composed of four arched shells of spectacular cut. They each stand on two feet, their tips meeting above the centre of the hall
The architectural concept was based on function and experimental form; the concept of a passenger terminal for air travelers invented a futuristic approach
The organic character of the building / the over all image the building as a bird with spreading wings
Eero Saarinen,TWA terminal
Negative aspect of the structure was the costly large wooden frames required for their casting, which can account for more than half of total construction costs
MIT Chapel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, Cambridge, Massachusetts - interior. Architect Eero Saarinen
MIT Chapel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus, Cambridge, Massachusetts - interior. Architect Eero Saarinen
Jorn Utzon (1918- )Danish architect work for Frank Lloyd Wright and Alvar Alto
Sydney Opera House (1957-1973)