Post on 25-Dec-2015
NATIONAL ICT CONVENTION
23-25 March 2004
Dennis Kabaara
CEO, Institute of Economic Affairs – Kenya
23 March 2004, Safari Park Hotel
“Top-Down” or “Bottom-Up”?Locating ICT Strategy in Kenya’s Growth, Equity
& Poverty Reduction Agenda
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PART I: ICT IN ECONOMIC GROWTH& DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
PART II: ICT AND KENYA’S GROWTH, EQUITY & POVERTY REDUCTION AGENDA
PART III: TOWARDS AN ICT-ENABLED GROWTHAND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
PART I
ICT IN ECONOMIC GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT: KENYA’S PEOPLE
Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1999 Population and Housing Census, Economic Survey 2003
Kenya (TOTA
L)
Spatial Distribution 937100
Nairobi
Rest of Kenya
PEOPLE DATA: Expressed as a proportion of every 100 Kenyans
Living below US$1 a day
52456
Working age population
47552
Paid employees 10212
Self-employed 261
Unemployed non-participants
11213
“Kids at work” (5-17)
13013
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Life Expectancy 44-645757
Male Life Expectancy
52-6353
Female Life Expectancy
54
48-686060
Infant survival probability past 1 year of age
64-899592
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Institute of Economic Affairs - Kenya-Institute of Economic Affairs Kenya
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT: KENYA’S HOUSEHOLDS
Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1999 Population and Housing Census
Kenya (TOTA
L)
Nairobi
Rest of Kenya
HOUSING DATA: Expressed per 100 households in Kenya
9010100
Rooms per house (average)
1.71.61.7
People per room (average)
2.722.6
Houses - 3 rooms or more
432
Self-Owned Houses 70272
Rented Houses 10818
45
Makuti, Grass, Tin Roof
30-30
Wood, Earth Floor 6264
Mud, Wood, Grass Wall
56157
2
52355
Pond, Dam, River, Well Water
Spatial Distribution - Households
85590Pit, Bucket, Bush Sanitation 78896Paraffin, firewood, charcoal
cooking 80585Lantern, lamp, wood lighting
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Figure I.1: National Gini Decomposition by Source of Consumption Inequality, Kenya 1997
Own food
Own maize
Own milk
Purchased food (34% of total consumption)
Purchased maize
Sugar
Purchased milk
Non durables
Entert.Water
Fuel
TransportHealth
Pers. care
Clothes, shoes
Education
Insurance
Education
Rent
Durables
Tobacco0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Gini Elasticity (GkRk/G)
Sh
are
of
Per
Cap
ita
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
Sk)
INEQUALITY-REDUCINGCHOICES: WHITHER ICT?
Source: World Bank. A Policy Agenda for Growth, August 2003
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ICT IN ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTEXT
ECONOMIC GROWTH is measured as the sum of• MORE CAPITAL• MORE LABOUR• BETTER TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
POINTER 1: STUDIES SHOW THAT ICT KEY CONTRIBUTION is• MORE CAPITAL (Equipment,Infrastructure, Software Assets) and not• BETTER TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (Productivity Paradox)• ICT ESTIMATED AT 0.3-0.9% of 3-4% OECD late1990’s GROWTH
POINTER 2: STUDIES ALSO REVEAL• LOCAL ICT PRODUCTION not as ICT DIFFUSION• ICT GROWTH LIMIT IS IN RAPID ASSET DEPRECIATION• SOME ICT GROWTH EFFECTS RESULT FROM REPLACINGOTHER FORMS OF CAPITAL
PART II
ICT IN KENYA’s GROWTH, EQUITY &
POVERTY REDUCTION AGENDA
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Financial Sector Framework
Land Administration
Information and Communications Technology
Environment and Natural Resources
Regional Development
5 Cross-cutting themes
Stable macro-economicframework
Strengthen institutionsOf governance
Rehabilitate and expandphysical infrastructure
Invest in the humancapital of the poor
4 Strategic Pillars
6 Macro-targets
500,000 jobsper annum
GDP Growth7% in 2007
Poverty down5 per centum
Annual inflationbelow 5% pa
Forex up 2.8 to 3.5
months
Increaseddomesticsavings
5 key growth sectors: Average growth projection during strategy period
Building and construction 16.7% pa
Manufacturing
8.6% pa
Tourism
5.4% pa
ICT
5% pa
Agriculture
3.1% pa
Source: Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation 2003
ERSWEC – A QUICK REFRESHER
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ERSWEC – THE PROMISED LAND
Source: Economic Survey 2003, Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation 2003, Central Bank of Kenya Monthly Economic Review December 2003
Hist. 5-yr average
2002 actual
2003 promise
ERS 5-yr average
8.6%Manufacturing
5.3%1.2%0.4%
5.4%Tourism 2.7%1.6%1.5%
5.0%ICT N/AN/AN/A
3.1%Agriculture 1.5%0.7%0.3%
16.7%Building & Construction
9.5%0.3%(0.2%)
OVERALL ECONOMY(including other sectors) 4.7%2.3%1.1%0.8%
Real Growth %ages for key sectors
5.3%Finance, Biz Services
2.7%0.7%1.0%
4.8%Elect. & Water
3.2%1.2%NIL
5.0%Trans& Comms
2.4%2.5%2.3%
0.2%
1.2%
2.5%
N/A
1.3%
1.5%
N/A
3.0%
1.4%
2003To Oct
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ERSWEC InvestmentProgramme
FinancingStrategy
Export/BoPStrategyGovt
(Reform)Saving
FDI ODADomestic
Invmt.
GovtInvmt.
DomesticSaving
ForeignSaving
THECONSUMPTION
FACTOR?
-Financial Infrastructure- Economic Infrastructure
- Social Infrastructure-Governance Superstructure
Rates ofReturn?
FROM ERSWEC TO IP…TO FINANCING
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SNAPSHOT OF ICT IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME
TOTAL GOK DONOR PSP GAP
Economic Infrastructure 210.3 38.4 16.6 80.8 74.5Social Infrastructure 132.4 37.6 10.1 0 84.7Governance and Productive Sectors 60.3 16.6 1.3 5.1 37.3Wealth Sharing and Poverty Reduction 47.4 13.3 4.3 2.9 26.9TOTAL 450.4 105.9 32.3 88.8 223.4
Telecommunications 0 0 0 0 0ICT Development 1.2 0.7 0 0 0.5TOTAL 1.2 0.7 0 0 0.5
GRAND TOTAL 451.6 106.6 32.3 88.8 223.9
Telecomms/ICT Share of Grand Total 0.27% 0.66% 0.00% 0.00% 0.22%
These data are 4-year estimates presented in Government’s Interim Investment Programme.
Billions of Kenya Shillings
PART III
TOWARDS AN ICT-ENABLED GROWTH &
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
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TOP-DOWN STRATEGICCONTEXT
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
BOTTOM-UP DEVELOPMENTCONTEXT
NATIONAL ICT STRATEGY:
• IS CROSS-CUTTING, NOT SECTOR-SPECIFIC. • HENCE MAINSTREAM WITHIN ALL SECTORS, DON’T MARGINALISE• MUST REFLECT OTHER CROSS-CUTTING CONSTITUENCIES E.G.THEMATIC PRSP GROUPS - GENDER, PASTORALISTS, M&E• REQUIRES A HOLISTIC FOCUS DRIVEN NOT BY LOCATIONS, OR INSTITUTIONS, BUT REAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURES (IS THERE A PRO-POOR NATIONAL ICT STRATEGY OR POLICY)
AT BOTTOM, CAN WE FIND A BALANCED NATIONAL ICT STRATEGY?
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Collechia A & Schreyer P, October 2001. “ICT Investment and Economic Growth in the 1990s: Is the United States a Unique Case? – A Comparative Study of 9 OECD Countries.” _______.
Central Bank of Kenya, December 2003. “Dec 2003 Monthly Economic Review”. Nairobi.
Central Bureau of Statistics. August 2002. “The 1999 Population and Housing Census”. Nairobi
Institute of Economic Affairs, 2002. “Telecommunications Policy in Transition: Mainstreaming Kenya into the Global Information Economy”. Research Paper Series No 2. Nairobi.
Institute of Economic Affairs, 2003. “A Quest for National Recovery: Repositioning ICT as a pillar for national economic growth” – Commissioned Paper (M Mureithi, Summit Strategies). Nairobi.
Kenya ICT Federation, March 2004. “From National ICT Policy to National ICT Strategy”. Nairobi.
Kenya ICT Federation, March 2004. “Sector-Based ICT Strategies for Kenya: Action Programme 2003-04”. Nairobi.
M Mureithi (Summit Strategies) & K Owino (Institute of Economic Affairs), November 2003. “An Inclusive ICT Policy Imperative for National Development in Kenya: A Field Survey of ICT Stakeholders”: UNESCO Commissioned Research. Nairobi.
Ministry of Planning and National Development. 2003. “Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation 2003-2007”. Nairobi.
Ministry of Planning and National Development. 2003. “Interim Investment Programme for the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation 2003-2007”. Nairobi.
Ministry of Planning and National Development. May 2003. “2003 Economic Survey”. Nairobi.
NGO Council, ActionAid Kenya, Institute of Economic Affairs and Christian Partners Development Agency. November 2003. “Civil Society Issues Paper - Response to Interim Investment Programme”. Nairobi.
REFERENCES
ANNEX
SECTOR-BY-SECTOR COMPARISON OF
ERSWEC,PRSP andINVESTMENT
PROGRAM
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• Legal and institutional reforms• Empowering resource-poor farmers through applied research• Improved extension services• Agricultural credit• Cooperatives
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Improved crop development, including extension services (including PSP) and credit through micro-finance
2. Food Security
3. Improved Local Market Infrastructure to support agricultural livelihoods is not covered by the ERS
4. Research and Development
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME1. Competition and legal reform to reduce the cost of agricultural inputs2. Commercialisation of farm and non-farm products as the means to increasing rural incomes. Possible reduced role for cooperatives?3. Review of laws relating to inheritance of agricultural land as a meansto mainstreaming gender4. Liberalisation of sugar and maize sectors to improve food security5. Liberalisation of pyrethrum sector6. Modelling of coffee sector on tea sector to increase farmer returns7. Support to livestock sector through better disease control, single permits formovement and private sector-owned slaughterhouse network8. Rationalisation of spending on agricultural parastatals9. Private sector participation in rural infrastructure, fisheries, and livestock exports
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
FUNDING GAP – KShs 17 billion(45% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 38 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 14 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 4 billion
Potential PSP – KShs 3 billion4 year FUNDING – KShs 21 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• UPE• Support for secondary enrolment in ASAL and poor families
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Early Childhood Development
2. Access, retention, completion and attainment at primary level
3. Monitoring and control of parent exploitation through rationalised curricula and control over user charges
4. Expansion of bursaries, subsidies (e.g. for exam fees for the poor) and school feeding (for the poor)
5. Provision of school equipment and other materials to day schools
6. Encourage PSP in school development
7. Non-formal education
8. Resource management (Quantitative and curriculum-based P/T ratios)
9. Adult education, especially young adults
10. Capacity-building for PTAs and School Boards
EDUCATION
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EDUCATION
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME1. Improve quality and internal efficiency through teacher training and redeployment2. Reform curriculum to focus on core skills, learning materials andlearning environment3. Redefine the role of local authorities in education4. Decentralise decision-making to district and school-level administrators
FUNDING GAP – KShs 50 billion(66% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 76 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 21 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 5 billion
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 26 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• Health
• National Social Health Insurance• Health care programmes for vulnerable groups• Rehabilitation of health facilities and equipment• Overhaul of drugs procurement and distribution
• HIV/AIDS• Reduce prevalence
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. HEALTH
1. Equity, quality, accessibility and affordability of health care, including specific poverty-focused resource allocations to districts
2. Essential package of health services, emphasis on women and children under 5
3. Decentralisation of health services
2. HIV/AIDS
1. Prevention and advocacy 2. Treatment and care of the infected and affected
3. Mitigation of socio-economic impact 4. Creation of improved work environment
HEALTH CARE (including HIV/AIDS)
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HEALTH CARE (including HIV/AIDS)
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMEHEALTH1. Interim health sector financing strategy prior to social health insurance scheme2. Focus investment on interventions for poor and vulnerable groups3. Improve cross-sectoral cooperation for health promotion4. Establish National Health Sector Strategy5. Increase government spending on health (by 115%)
HIV/AIDS1. Intensify advocacy campaigns2. Coordinate strategies for prevention, treatment and mitigation3. Develop a roll-out plan for treatment and intensify prevention activities
FUNDING GAP – KShs 36 billion(63% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 57 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 16 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 5 billion
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 21 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES • Increase urban housing• Improve urban sanitation and residential infrastructure
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Establish national housing policy
2. Establish a mortgage-based securities market
3. Facilitate provision of decent, affordable housing
4. Prolong economic lifespan of government buildings
5. Complete all outstanding, viable building projects
6. Terminate all stalled and suspended building projects
7. Suspend initiation of new government projects except in emergencies
SHELTER AND HOUSING (incl. SLUM UPGRADING)
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SHELTER AND HOUSING (incl. SLUM UPGRADING)
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME1. Develop slum upgrading and relocation plans2. Construct 150,000 housing units annually3. Complete stalled housing projects4. Provide new tenant purchase housing schemes5. Promote secondary mortgage market6. Invite PSP in construction of low-cost housing
FUNDING GAP – KShs 8.26 billion(96% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 8.6 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 0.04 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 0.3 billion
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 0.34 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• Civil service reform• Local government reform• Privatisation• Regulation• Competition
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Improve efficiency and effectiveness of local authorities
2. Creation of a leaner, efficient public sector, with pay reform
3. Enhance economic planning and development administration
4. Strengthen financial management (budgeting, control, monitoring, accounting, audit)
5. Better disaster and emergencies management
PUBLIC SERVICE (excl. SAFETY LAW AND ORDER)
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PUBLIC SERVICE (excl. SAFETY LAW AND ORDER)
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME1. Cabinet review of viability of 136 state corporations2. Expenditure restructuring
1. Wages and salaries restructuring through retrenchment of 45,000 publicemployees (including parastatals and public universities), delayedimplementation of salary awards and hiring freeze
2. Pensions restructuring through introduction of contributory pensionscheme
3. Debt interest restructuring using privatisation proceeds and liquidationof non-core state corporations
4. Cost savings in goods and services purchases through streamlinedprocurement and better governance
5. Cost savings in Defence/NSIS through restrictions in purchase ofequipment through short-term commercial borrowing
3. Privatisation proceeds are not factored into the financing framework
FUNDING GAP – KShs 6.3 billion(90% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 7 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 0.2 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 0.5 billion
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 0.7 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• GOVERNANCE - Good governance and anti-corruption strategy• SECURITY
• Improved service delivery• Improved welfare for disciplined forces
• IMMIGRATION - Regulate and control entry, exit, residence and citizenship• RULE OF LAW
• Predictable and impartial justice system• Speed up prosecutions to clear backlog• Improve service delivery in civil legislation
• PRISONS - Less congestion and crime (NO ACTION SPECIFIED)
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Protect national sovereignty
2. Institute offendor rehabilitation programmes
3. Decentralise probation services
4. Gender mainstreaming
PUBLIC SAFETY, LAW AND ORDER
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PUBLIC SAFETY, LAW AND ORDER
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMEPOLICE1. Implement a framework for cross-border policing and collaboration2. Provide decent accommodation for police3. Establish anti-banditry units4. Comprehensive intelligence research in crime and securityANTI-CORRUPTION1. Cancel all stalled projects (but refer to SHELTER AND HOUSING)
NOTE: Main thrusts from the ERSWEC are retained
FUNDING GAP – KShs 13 billion(46% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 28 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 15 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs NIL
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 15 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• Investment Code• Export Promotion• Tourism – increased arrivals and diversified source markets• Manufacturing – export-focused growth• Medium and Small-Scale Enterprises – Growth and employment creation• Trade policy• Fisheries development• Forestry development• Mining development• Quarrying
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Enhanced TTI information networks (Industrial Database)
2. Specific internal and external trade strategy
TOURISM, TRADE AND INDUSTRY
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TOURISM
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME1. Security2. Review of tax structures in tourism sub-sector3. Pro-poor thrusts
1. Foster community-based and eco-tourism in northern and westernKenya, targeted at backpackers and nationals
2. Compensation policy for human-wildlife conflict3. Guidance, credit and incentives to SMEs4. Review park tariffs in less-visited areas5. Restructure KTDC into an investment and SME credit institution
FUNDING GAP – KShs 8 billion(53% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 15 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 2 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs NIL
Potential PSP – KShs 5 billion4 year FUNDING – KShs 7 billion
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TRADE, INDUSTRY AND SMEs
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMETRADE AND INVESTMENT1. World Bank-GoK trade diagnostic study – to influence trade policy2. New regulatory framework for finance and infrastructure3. Investment authority and investment road map by 2005INDUSTRY1. Liberalise trade2. Deepen financial market3. Facilitate use of technology licenses4. Review mechanisms for wage determination5. Improve access to quality training6. Benchmarking studies of textiles (AGOA?) and sugar (But refer to Agriculture)SMEs1. Strengthen credit institutions, including KIE2. Develop training market for SMEs
FUNDING GAP – KShs 8.2 billion(91% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 9 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 0.8 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs NIL
Potential PSP – KShs NIL4 year FUNDING – KShs 0.8 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVESROADS• Efficient road transportENERGY• Adequate affordable supply (KPLC, Ken-Gen)• Increased oil refinery efficiency• Oil pipeline extension to KampalaWATER• Rural access to water• Sustainable management of water resources
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
ROADS
1. Improved road transport, focus on rural areas
2. Road network maintenance
3. Reform of Mechanical and Transport Dept operations
ENERGY1. Rural access2. Diversified energy sources3. Reduced dependence on imported petroleumWATER
1. Improved access to water and sanitation, especially poor and vulnerable groups
2. Increased coverage of urban sewerage and sanitation
ROADS, ENERGY AND WATER
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ROADS, ENERGY AND WATER
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMEROADS1. Road inventory and condition survey2. Conventional tolling for 1,208 kms of Northern Corridor. 3 concessions – (1) Mombasa
-Machakos (2) Machakos-Rironi (3) Rironi-Malaba via Eldoret and to Busia viaKisumu
3. First concession – Machakos-Nairobi under BOT4. Rehabilitate 2,805 km5. Reconstruct 150km roads per annumENERGY1. Create Rural Electrification Authority2. Increase rural electrification penetration from 4% to 40%3. Develop framework for solar powerWATER1. Increase fresh water resource availability by over 250% by 20072. Rehabilitate 600 rural water schemes by 20063. Rehabilitate and hand to communities 100 dams per year4. Drill and hand to communities 500 boreholes per year
FUNDING GAP – KShs 69 billion(43% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 162 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 40 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 16 billion
Potential PSP – KShs 37 billion4 year FUNDING – KShs 93 billion
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ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES• RAIL
• Develop an efficient railway (Kenya Railways) and sell gulf marine services• MARINE
• Develop efficient marine transport• Replace ferry service at Likoni with Dongo Kundu bypass
• AIR• Improve and strengthen management and operations to ICAO standards• Increase handling capacity of regional airports• PSP in airports management
• PORTS• KPA as a landlord port, with outsourced services
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
METEOROLOGY
• Improved efficiency and capacity of meteorological services
RAIL, MARINE, AIR, PORTS AND MET
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RAIL, MARINE, AIR, PORTS AND MET
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMERAIL1. New legal framework for PSP in rail2. Kisumu line upgrading3. Thika-Nanyuki line relaying4. Nairobi-Mombasa mainline spot rehabilitation5. Joint concessioning of KR and Uganda Railways? KR Staff retrenchment?AIR1. Achieve FAA/ICAO Category 1 rating2. Relocate domestic terminal to old airport at Embakasi3. PSP in airport management and financingMARINE AND PORTS1. KPA as a landlord port2. Privatise all KPA inland container terminals (Nairobi, Kisumu, Eldoret)3. Purchase 2 new ferries for Mombasa
FUNDING GAP – KShs 4.3 billion(9% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 48.7 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 1.2 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs 0.2 billion
Potential PSP – KShs 43 billion4 year FUNDING – KShs 44.4 billion
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Institute of Economic Affairs - Kenya-Institute of Economic Affairs Kenya
ERSWEC PRIORITY OBJECTIVES • Reliable, efficient and affordable communications (Telkom Kenya)• Improved public access to information
SELECTED PRSP PRIORITIES NOT IN ERSWEC ACTION PLAN
1. Strengthen ICT capacity to support core government functions
2. Support communications workflow processes and service delivery
3. Facilitate information management and sharing
4. Stimulate and support the nation’s participation in the global economy
5. REDUCE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
TELECOMMS AND ICT
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TELECOMMS AND ICT
NEW THRUSTS INTRODUCED IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMMETELECOMMS1. East cost submarine cableICT1. Countrywide ICT awareness campaign2. ICT skill enhancement campaign3. E-government initiative – centrally, then to districts
FUNDING GAP – KShs 0.5 billion(42% of TOTAL NEED)
4 year NEEDKShs 1.2 billion
Available GoK Funding – KShs 0.7 billionAvailable donor funding – KShs NIL billion
Potential PSP – KShs NIL billion4 year FUNDING – KShs 0.7 billion
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but ignores the following thematic groups from PRSP
1.Gender
2.Disabilities
3.Youth
The ERSWEC and IP identifies special interest groups as:• ASALs/Pastoralists
THE CASE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS