Stakeholders’ Dialogue 12/03/2018 Transport and climate challenge

Tackling maritime GHG emissions – at international and European level

Benoit AdamPolicy advisor

DG NavigationService Public Fédéral Mobilité et

TransportBenoit.adam@mobility.fgov.be

DG Shipping

Port StateFlag State Coastal State

Direction Safety and environment Benoit Adam

Policy advisor

DG Shipping

What is Maritime transport today ?

Maritime Transport today:Essential to sustain the global economy

South to South

• Factor of development for

developing countries

seaborne trade = engine for

inclusive and sustainable

growth and development.

• Shift toward the South

https://www.shipmap.org/

Maritime Transport today

• Most efficient mode of transport

• Most goods traveling on ships

(90% in tons, over 80 % by volume and 70

% by value)

• 93.000vessels

Bigger& biggervessels

On a growing trend

10y

10y

10y

Unctad 2017

Flags

Unctad 2017

Unctad 2017

Ownership

• Belgium FLEET is the 30th biggest flag- international shipping :

~ 120 ships.

• Economy of the MARITIME CLUSTER = 6,6% of national

employment and 9,5 % of GDP (2010)

• Belgium is a MAJOR DOOR TO EU

4 SEAPORTS (Antwerp, Gent, Zeebrugge, Ostende):

> considered as a whole : in the top 10 of world ports.

• Belgium at the center of EU logistic chain

o Antwerp handles the second largest tonnages of short sea

shipping in EU (in 2011) .

o Good hinterland connections (inland navigation, rail, road

)

BELGIUMImportance of the maritime sector

GHG emissions from shipping

Globally (2007-2012)• 15% of NOx emissions• 13 % of SOx emissions• 2-3% of CO2 emissions

NOx SOx

BC

CFCCH4

Air Emissions

CO2 Eu 28 in 2015• 16% of NOx emissions• 16 % of SOx emissions• 4-7% PM

NOx SOx

BC

CFCCH4

CO2

Impact on climate

Short term vs long term effects :

• Short term: maritime transport has a cooling effect on climate !

• Long term: warming effect.

( )

…

2nd GHG IMO update study

CO2 emissions from shipping

Projections

RegulationsHow to adress the challenge ?

1997: Kyoto Protocol

2015 Paris agreement

2003 : IMO Assembly decision (on policies and practices)

2000 1st IMO GHG study

2005 eif : Kyoto Protocol

1992 : UN framework convention on climate change

2020: end of Doha Protocol 2nd period

1997 IMO adresses GHG

2009 : 2nd IMO GHG study

2014 : 3rd IMO GHG study

2006 : MEPC work plan to identify and develop mechanisms

2009 : MEPC agreement on a package of measures : 3 pilars

2016: ICAO agreement on MBM

OperationalTechnical

Market

A bit of history

2011 : new regulation EEDI for new ships

>>> Common but differentiated responibility

2013: resolution on promotion of technical co-operation

and transfer of technology

2016 : revision of phase 3 + consideration of phase 4

Technical

• phase 1: built between 2015 and 2019 : 10%• phase 2: built between 2020 and 2024 : 15 to 20%, depending on the ship type; • phase 3: built after 2024 : 30% more efficient

EEDI

EEDI : future Projections

2016 mandatory IMO Data Collection System (DCS)

2013 - 3 step approach agreed

2012 - Relaunched (Belgium and likeminded countries)

2015 : EU Regulation Monitoring Reportingand Verification (MRV)

2011 –Ship Energy Efficiency Monitoring Plan – SEEMP for

all ships

> no mandatory EEOI

Operational

2012 > no agreement on MBM : kept in abeyance

2009 – Plan to further consider and develop MBM

2012 : inclusion of aviation in EU ETS

Market

Objectives for the sector

2009

2018 In April : adoption of the initial IMO GHG reductionstrategy at MEPC 72

2016 IMO roadmap to develop a strategy to reduce GHG

2015 Marhsall islands (Tony De Brum) + other Pacific MS asked IMO to define a target

Pacific MS asked for help to EU some MSStart of willing/ fair share/ SHAC coalition

Taboo

2017 State Secretary De Backer leader of the High Ambition Coalition for shipping

Partnership between Belgium and Solomon Islands

Objectives for the sector

Levels of ambition for the strategy

ISSWG 2

ISSWG 3

submissions

Levels of ambition : EU – PacificWell below 2°c and aiming at 1,5°c

Level of ambition expressed as a range to be

consistent with the Paris agreement:

• proportionate to the emission reduction effort of

comparable sector (transport and industry) = well

below 2°c objective.

• Pursuing efforts to attain the 1,5°c objective

Levels of ambition : EU – PacificWell below 2°c and aiming at 1,5°c

Levels of ambition : Sense of urgencyPeak year

average lifespan of ships today

Levels of ambition : EU – PacificWell below 2°c and aiming at 1,5°c

Levels of ambition

The strategy will also be a signal for the whole sector:• For shipping it will require time to mature and adopt

technology, the sooner a reliable signal is provided for that change, the better.

> R&D to develop fuels, technologies, > develop infrastructure> Financing : make the appropriate investments

Next steps …

Next steps …

2018 In April ISSWG3 and adoption of the initial strategy at MEPC 72

Analysis of data from DCS

2023 revised Strategy + adoption of mid and long term measures

Or EU proposal …. (revised ETS directive )

Consideration of measures2020

2018 Revision of EU MRV

Adoption of short term measures

20212022

Thanks for your attention

EU MRV & IMO Data Collection System

IMO Data Collection System

EU MRV

31 August 2017 Monitoring Plan

2018: 1st collection period

Technical Data + Activity Data (fuel consumption +

distance travelled + Cargo carried)

30 April 2019 Verified (independent verifiers) emission report

30 Junes 2019 Publication of data by EC

EMSA platform to exchange information

2019 : First monitoring period:

Technical data + activity data (Fuel consumption +

distance travelled + hours underway)

30 April 2020: verified reports ( Flag State or RO)

Publication of aggregated date by IMO secretariat

31 May 2020: statement of compliance on board

Breaks and accelarators

EU parliament deadline for IMO in 2011

EU parliaent negotiations 2017 new deadline in 2023

ICAO

Paris agreement

UNFCCC

Pacific representation in IMO

Absence of US

No tight link between flag and ship

Cbdr-rc and differentiation in UNFCCC framework

Shipping is the most efficient mode of transport

Vector of development

Globalization = more trade between developping country

Split incentive for investments in energy efficiency technologies