Post on 17-Sep-2015
description
Building Installations and Municipal Systems
Dr in. Zsuzsanna Iwanicka
iwanicka@pk.edu.pl
Water installation systems
pl.kan-therm.com
Water distribution in buildings
Source: Gd K. Sanitary Installation lecture notes
Riser mains
Branch pipes
Fixtures
Hot water
Cold water
Hot water recirculation
Fixtures
Definition:
Any device for the distribution and use of water in a building. Example: shower, urinal,
fountain, sink, water faucet, tap, hose bibs,
hydrant etc.
Source: www.rynekinstalacyjny.pl Source: lazienkowy.pl
Source:
www.thegreatfitnessexperiment.com
Criteria for material selection used in water distribution system
System operation criteria:
The pipes, valves, taps and other fittings must be capable of conveying water at a nominated internal pressure within a
prescribed environment.
Underground pipes and fixtures must be able to withstand external pressures.
Environmental factors: heat, cold, expansion, contraction, ground and drinking water corrosiveness, pH and bacteria levels.
Criteria for material selection used in water distribution system
Health criteria:
All pipes, valves, taps and other fittings used for the supply of drinking-water must not contain harmful substances above the
specified amount that could leach into the water (ex: Pb, Ca, As,
organic compounds).
Pipe materials
Galvanized steel or iron traditional piping material
Copper
Plastic:
Most common:
PEX - Cross-Linked Polyethylene
PE - polyethylene
PP - polypropylen
Other:
PCV - polyvinyl chloride
CPCV - chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (C,
PB - polybutylene
Source: http://www.js-ind.com
Galvanized steel or iron pipes
Characteristics:
High compressive, tensile and bending strengths.
High rigidity less anchors needed for mounting.
Low linear expansion coefficient heat expantion/contraction compensation is required only for very long straight pipe segments.
High pressure resistancy.
Easy to detect in walls and ground.
Widely used in fire protection systems.
www.blucher-marine.com
Galvanized steel or iron
Corrosion is a problem where connected to dissimilar materials, such
as copper alloy (brass) in taps and valves.
Internal corrosion can add iron compounds to the water.
Effects:
undesirable taste
precipitation of iron salts on clothes fixtures.
External corrosion results leaks and water loss.
High linear pressure drop
due to pipe wall friction.
http://www.bartosz.com.pl
Galvanized steel pipe corrosion
Soruce: Supply plumbing available at www.recampus.com/documents/plumb_c01.pdf
Pipe corrosion
http://www.e-lazienki.pl
Thread seal tape
winding direction
Pipe rotation direction during
screwing the components
Joined by threaded connection.
Sealants:
thread sealing compound teflon tape
Source: Gd K. Sanitary Installation lecture notes
Steel pipe installations
For direction change
use elbows, do not
bend the pipe!
Copper pipe characteristic
Advantages:
Higher corrosion resistance than steel pipe
Low linear pressure drop
Smaller in diameter and can be used in tight places
Inhibits bacterial growth the water is safe to drink
More resistant to flame than PVC pipes
Life expectancy indefinite, unless unusual water conditions or manufacturing defects are present
Disadvantages:
High costs, water condensation concerns, heat conductivity.
Copper pipe connection methods
1. Compression fittings Source: www.ehow.com
Source: www.spudfiles.com
2. Soldering (capillary fitting)
3. Coupling Source: www.shanghaimetal.com
Copper pipes
For tubing up to 50mm diameter, soft copper might be used.
It can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of
the tubing.
Plastic pipes characteristic
Advantages:
Low-weight piping material that makes it easier to install;
Can withstand higher water pressure than the copper
Non-conductive no corrosion problems,
No water condensation problems
Less noisy at higher water pressure levels
Low heat losses
Source: www.purmo.com
Plastic pipes characteristic
Disadvantages:
Less flame resistant than metal pipes
Fitting failures and leakage may occur because of poor workmanship.
Plastic pipes can contain volatile compounds which are harmful to the environment and might be released to the water.
Source: www.rynekinstalacyjny.pl
Plastic pipe joints
1. Heat fusion
Plastic pipe welding machine Source: www.tmj.cc
Joined pipe
Heating
Welding machine
Pipe Pipe
Plastic pipe joint
2. Glued fittings
3. Compression fittings
Source http://www.quickfitting.com
Source: http://www.netplaces.com
Water distribution systems
Tee joint system
Distributors (Manifolds)
Source: instalacjeb2b.pl
Steel pipes should run the walls
Plastic pipes might run in the floor
Source: www.pioneerplumber.com Source: www.enaplastgroup.com
Hot and cold water pipes in the building
Source: muratordom.pl
Rough water
installation must be
tested to avoid
leaks.
Hot water installation
1. Source of hot water
a. Direct fired heaters
Electric
Oil or gas fired
Source: http://inspectapedia.com/heat/Flooded_Heaters.htm
Hot water installation
1. Source of hot water
a. Direct fired heaters
Electric
Oil or gas fired
Source: www.calebclark.org
Oil fired heaters
Hot water installation
1. Source of hot water
a. Direct fired heaters
Electric
Oil or gas fired
When using boiler
combustion proper room
ventilation is required!
Source: www.ehi.eu
Gas heaters
Source of hot water
b. Indirect heaters
Heat source is remotely located heat exchanger
Often applied in multi family
housing, when heat is supplied
from the heating plant.
Source: www.gd-wholesale.com
Hot water installation
Hot water installation
2. Storage of hot hot water
Storage type water heaters
Instantaneous type heaters
Semi-instantaneous type heaters
Source: www.consumerenergycenter.org
Hot water installation
2. Storage of hot hot water
Storage type water heaters
Instantaneous type heaters
Semi-instantaneous type heaters
Source: www.saintbest.pl
Pipe insulation
Reason:
Condensation controll applied when the pipes operate at below-ambient temperatures to prevent the condensation of water vapor
on the pipe surface.
Heat loss prevention applied for hot water pipes to save energy
To prevent cold water temperature increase.
Pipe freeze protection applied to pipes in unheated areas, when the temperature drops below 0C
Source: rynekisntalacyjny.pl
Insulation thickness for hot water pipes
Min. insulation thickness [mm]
Room characteristic
Nominal pipe diameter DN [mm]
12 C 15 15 15 15 20
Heated area T-2 C
Unheated area T
Pipe insullation
Source: energyefficiencyandretrofits.blogspot.com
Pipe hangers and supports
Used to attach the pipe to the building construction.
1. Wall bracket
2. Floor mount
Source: www.easyfit.com
3. Pipe hangers
Source: export.rsdelivers.com
Maximum distance between pipe support for steel pipes [m]
Diameter [mm] Vertical pipe Other
DN 10-DN 20 2,0 1,5
DN 25 2,9 2,2
DN 32 3,4 2,6
DN 40 3,9 3,0
DN 50 4,6 3,5
DN 65 4,9 3,8
DN 80 5,2 4,0
DN 100 5,9 4,5
Maximum distance between pipe supports for PE-X and PP-R cold and hot water pipes [m]
Diameter [mm] Vertical
pipe
Other Vertical
pipe
Other
Hot water Cold water
PE-X DN 12-DN 25 1,0 0,8 1,0 0,8
PP-R DN 16 0,8 0,6 0,9 0,7
DN 20 0,8 0,6 1,0 0,8
DN 25 0,9 0,7 1,1 0,8
DN 32 1,1 0,8 1,3 1,0
DN 40 1,2 0,9 1,4 1,1
DN 50 1,3 1,0 1,6* 1,2
DN 63 1,5 1,2 1,8* 1,4
DN 75 1,7 1,3 2,0* 1,5
DN 90 1,9 1,4 2,1* 1,6
mmtLL ,
L thermal expansion/contruction
linear expansion coefficient, mm/m*K
L pipe length, m,
t temperature difference between ambient temperature
and operating temperatures K
Temperature change results pipe length change:
Rozszerzalno
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes
Linear expansion coefficient
- Axial stress
MPa ,EL
L
MN ,fP
- axial stress , MPa
f - pipe cross section, m2,
P- Axcial force at the anchor L thermal expansion, m,
L pipe segment length, m,
E modulus of elasticity, MPa,
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes
Ls lenght of leg, mm, mm,
Dz External diameter, mm
L thermal expansion, mm
a coefficient - depends on pipe materia:
Steel: a=70, Copper: a=61
Plastic: a= 1575 data provided by producent
mm,LDzaLs
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes
PP- sliding support
PS - anchor
Anchor Sliding support
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes
Source: http://www.spiraxsarco.com
Expansion loops
It is a common way to absorb the temperature expansion in pipes. Expansion
loops can be fabricated from standard pipes
and elbows.
Full loop Horse shoe (lyre loop)
Source: http://www.spiraxsarco.com
mm,LDzaLs
Ls lenght od leg, mm,
Dz External pipe diameter, mm
Amin min. expansion loop width
L thermal expansion, mm
a Coefficient depends on pipe materia:
Steel: a = 20, Copper: a=33
Plastic: a= 8 38 data provided by producent
Expansion loop
mm ,2
LDzaLs
PP- sliding support
PS - anchor
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes
Pipe expansion joints
Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations Lecture notes
Source http://www.roth-kompensatoren.de
Pipe installation rules
Minimal distance between pipes wall (or its insulation) and building construction elements (walls, floor etc.) depends on the
pipe diameter:
Water installation must run below hot water pipe, gas pipe and electric cables.
Minimal distance between water pipes and electric cables is 0,1m.
Dn 25 mm 32-50mm 65-80 mm 100 mm
Distance 3 cm 5 cm 7 cm 7 cm
Pipe protection sleeves
It is a fixed cylindrical insert, that is located where the pipe is to pierce a slab. It should pass completely through the partision
and extend 2cm above the surface and 1 cm below it.
Protection sleeves inner diameter should be:
min. 1 cm higher than pipes external diameters when crossing across the floor
min. 2 cm higher than pipes external diameters when crossing arcoss the wall
It should be extended 2cm both sides of the wall
Source: www.nullifirefirestopping.co.uk
Pipe protection sleeves
New buildings Existing buildings
Source: www.instalpack.pl
Pipe protection sleeves
Source: www.integra.gliwice.pl Source: swbh.pl/