Municipal Systems and Building Installations Lecture 2 ZI 2015

Building Installations and Municipal Systems

Dr in. Zsuzsanna Iwanicka

[email protected]

Water installation systems

pl.kan-therm.com

Water distribution in buildings

Source: Gd K. Sanitary Installation lecture notes

Riser mains

Branch pipes

Fixtures

Hot water

Cold water

Hot water recirculation

Fixtures

Definition:

Any device for the distribution and use of water in a building. Example: shower, urinal,

fountain, sink, water faucet, tap, hose bibs,

hydrant etc.

Source: www.rynekinstalacyjny.pl Source: lazienkowy.pl

Source:

www.thegreatfitnessexperiment.com

Criteria for material selection used in water distribution system

System operation criteria:

The pipes, valves, taps and other fittings must be capable of conveying water at a nominated internal pressure within a

prescribed environment.

Underground pipes and fixtures must be able to withstand external pressures.

Environmental factors: heat, cold, expansion, contraction, ground and drinking water corrosiveness, pH and bacteria levels.

Criteria for material selection used in water distribution system

Health criteria:

All pipes, valves, taps and other fittings used for the supply of drinking-water must not contain harmful substances above the

specified amount that could leach into the water (ex: Pb, Ca, As,

organic compounds).

Pipe materials

Galvanized steel or iron traditional piping material

Copper

Plastic:

Most common:

PEX - Cross-Linked Polyethylene

PE - polyethylene

PP - polypropylen

Other:

PCV - polyvinyl chloride

CPCV - chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (C,

PB - polybutylene

Source: http://www.js-ind.com

Galvanized steel or iron pipes

Characteristics:

High compressive, tensile and bending strengths.

High rigidity less anchors needed for mounting.

Low linear expansion coefficient heat expantion/contraction compensation is required only for very long straight pipe segments.

High pressure resistancy.

Easy to detect in walls and ground.

Widely used in fire protection systems.

www.blucher-marine.com

Galvanized steel or iron

Corrosion is a problem where connected to dissimilar materials, such

as copper alloy (brass) in taps and valves.

Internal corrosion can add iron compounds to the water.

Effects:

undesirable taste

precipitation of iron salts on clothes fixtures.

External corrosion results leaks and water loss.

High linear pressure drop

due to pipe wall friction.

http://www.bartosz.com.pl

Galvanized steel pipe corrosion

Soruce: Supply plumbing available at www.recampus.com/documents/plumb_c01.pdf

Pipe corrosion

http://www.e-lazienki.pl

Thread seal tape

winding direction

Pipe rotation direction during

screwing the components

Joined by threaded connection.

Sealants:

thread sealing compound teflon tape

Source: Gd K. Sanitary Installation lecture notes

Steel pipe installations

For direction change

use elbows, do not

bend the pipe!

Copper pipe characteristic

Advantages:

Higher corrosion resistance than steel pipe

Low linear pressure drop

Smaller in diameter and can be used in tight places

Inhibits bacterial growth the water is safe to drink

More resistant to flame than PVC pipes

Life expectancy indefinite, unless unusual water conditions or manufacturing defects are present

Disadvantages:

High costs, water condensation concerns, heat conductivity.

Copper pipe connection methods

1. Compression fittings Source: www.ehow.com

Source: www.spudfiles.com

2. Soldering (capillary fitting)

3. Coupling Source: www.shanghaimetal.com

Copper pipes

For tubing up to 50mm diameter, soft copper might be used.

It can be bent easily to travel around obstacles in the path of

the tubing.

Plastic pipes characteristic

Advantages:

Low-weight piping material that makes it easier to install;

Can withstand higher water pressure than the copper

Non-conductive no corrosion problems,

No water condensation problems

Less noisy at higher water pressure levels

Low heat losses

Source: www.purmo.com

Plastic pipes characteristic

Disadvantages:

Less flame resistant than metal pipes

Fitting failures and leakage may occur because of poor workmanship.

Plastic pipes can contain volatile compounds which are harmful to the environment and might be released to the water.

Source: www.rynekinstalacyjny.pl

Plastic pipe joints

1. Heat fusion

Plastic pipe welding machine Source: www.tmj.cc

Joined pipe

Heating

Welding machine

Pipe Pipe

Plastic pipe joint

2. Glued fittings

3. Compression fittings

Source http://www.quickfitting.com

Source: http://www.netplaces.com

Water distribution systems

Tee joint system

Distributors (Manifolds)

Source: instalacjeb2b.pl

Steel pipes should run the walls

Plastic pipes might run in the floor

Source: www.pioneerplumber.com Source: www.enaplastgroup.com

Hot and cold water pipes in the building

Source: muratordom.pl

Rough water

installation must be

tested to avoid

leaks.

Hot water installation

1. Source of hot water

a. Direct fired heaters

Electric

Oil or gas fired

Source: http://inspectapedia.com/heat/Flooded_Heaters.htm




Electric

Oil or gas fired

Source: www.calebclark.org

Oil fired heaters




Electric

Oil or gas fired

When using boiler

combustion proper room

ventilation is required!

Source: www.ehi.eu

Gas heaters

Source of hot water

b. Indirect heaters

Heat source is remotely located heat exchanger

Often applied in multi family

housing, when heat is supplied

from the heating plant.

Source: www.gd-wholesale.com



2. Storage of hot hot water

Storage type water heaters

Instantaneous type heaters

Semi-instantaneous type heaters

Source: www.consumerenergycenter.org


2. Storage of hot hot water

Storage type water heaters

Instantaneous type heaters

Semi-instantaneous type heaters

Source: www.saintbest.pl

Pipe insulation

Reason:

Condensation controll applied when the pipes operate at below-ambient temperatures to prevent the condensation of water vapor

on the pipe surface.

Heat loss prevention applied for hot water pipes to save energy

To prevent cold water temperature increase.

Pipe freeze protection applied to pipes in unheated areas, when the temperature drops below 0C

Source: rynekisntalacyjny.pl

Insulation thickness for hot water pipes

Min. insulation thickness [mm]

Room characteristic

Nominal pipe diameter DN [mm]

12 C 15 15 15 15 20

Heated area T-2 C

Unheated area T

Pipe insullation

Source: energyefficiencyandretrofits.blogspot.com

Pipe hangers and supports

Used to attach the pipe to the building construction.

1. Wall bracket

2. Floor mount

Source: www.easyfit.com

3. Pipe hangers

Source: export.rsdelivers.com

Maximum distance between pipe support for steel pipes [m]

Diameter [mm] Vertical pipe Other

DN 10-DN 20 2,0 1,5

DN 25 2,9 2,2

DN 32 3,4 2,6

DN 40 3,9 3,0

DN 50 4,6 3,5

DN 65 4,9 3,8

DN 80 5,2 4,0

DN 100 5,9 4,5

Maximum distance between pipe supports for PE-X and PP-R cold and hot water pipes [m]

Diameter [mm] Vertical

pipe

Other Vertical

pipe

Other

Hot water Cold water

PE-X DN 12-DN 25 1,0 0,8 1,0 0,8

PP-R DN 16 0,8 0,6 0,9 0,7

DN 20 0,8 0,6 1,0 0,8

DN 25 0,9 0,7 1,1 0,8

DN 32 1,1 0,8 1,3 1,0

DN 40 1,2 0,9 1,4 1,1

DN 50 1,3 1,0 1,6* 1,2

DN 63 1,5 1,2 1,8* 1,4

DN 75 1,7 1,3 2,0* 1,5

DN 90 1,9 1,4 2,1* 1,6

mmtLL ,

L thermal expansion/contruction

linear expansion coefficient, mm/m*K

L pipe length, m,

t temperature difference between ambient temperature

and operating temperatures K

Temperature change results pipe length change:

Rozszerzalno

Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations lecture notes

Linear expansion coefficient

- Axial stress

MPa ,EL

L

MN ,fP

- axial stress , MPa

f - pipe cross section, m2,

P- Axcial force at the anchor L thermal expansion, m,

L pipe segment length, m,

E modulus of elasticity, MPa,


Ls lenght of leg, mm, mm,

Dz External diameter, mm

L thermal expansion, mm

a coefficient - depends on pipe materia:

Steel: a=70, Copper: a=61

Plastic: a= 1575 data provided by producent

mm,LDzaLs


PP- sliding support

PS - anchor

Anchor Sliding support


Source: http://www.spiraxsarco.com

Expansion loops

It is a common way to absorb the temperature expansion in pipes. Expansion

loops can be fabricated from standard pipes

and elbows.

Full loop Horse shoe (lyre loop)

Source: http://www.spiraxsarco.com

mm,LDzaLs

Ls lenght od leg, mm,

Dz External pipe diameter, mm

Amin min. expansion loop width

L thermal expansion, mm

a Coefficient depends on pipe materia:

Steel: a = 20, Copper: a=33

Plastic: a= 8 38 data provided by producent

Expansion loop

mm ,2

LDzaLs

PP- sliding support

PS - anchor


Pipe expansion joints

Source: K. Gd Sanitary Installations Lecture notes

Source http://www.roth-kompensatoren.de

Pipe installation rules

Minimal distance between pipes wall (or its insulation) and building construction elements (walls, floor etc.) depends on the

pipe diameter:

Water installation must run below hot water pipe, gas pipe and electric cables.

Minimal distance between water pipes and electric cables is 0,1m.

Dn 25 mm 32-50mm 65-80 mm 100 mm

Distance 3 cm 5 cm 7 cm 7 cm

Pipe protection sleeves

It is a fixed cylindrical insert, that is located where the pipe is to pierce a slab. It should pass completely through the partision

and extend 2cm above the surface and 1 cm below it.

Protection sleeves inner diameter should be:

min. 1 cm higher than pipes external diameters when crossing across the floor

min. 2 cm higher than pipes external diameters when crossing arcoss the wall

It should be extended 2cm both sides of the wall

Source: www.nullifirefirestopping.co.uk


New buildings Existing buildings

Source: www.instalpack.pl


Source: www.integra.gliwice.pl Source: swbh.pl/

Municipal Systems and Building Installations Lecture 2 ZI 2015

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