Violence and Injury Prevention

Mr. Ramos

Objectives

◦ Explain how to be prepared for a medical emergency.

◦ Identify the steps to take in an emergency.

◦ Describe the steps involved in rescue breathing and CPR.

◦ Explain how to use abdominal thrusts for choking.

◦ Explain how to give first aid for shock and bleeding.

◦ Discuss first aid procedures for burns, poisoning, broken bones, dislocations, and sprains.

Lesson 5

First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly becomes ill.

An emergency is a serious situation that occurs without warning.

First Aid Skills

Before you can give first aid, you must have consent, or permission.

If the victim is unconscious, you may act according to the Good Samaritan Law.

Follow universal precautions when giving first aid to avoid contact with pathogens. ◦ Vinyl or Latex Gloves◦ Wash hands with soap ◦ Use face mask for CPR◦ Cover cuts or scrapes on body◦ Do not touch your mouth, eyes, or nose

while caring for victim◦ Do not eat while giving first aid

What to do in an Emergency

Survey the scene Tap person on shoulder & shout “hey are you

ok?” Ask someone to call 9-1-1 & get an AED. Check if person is breathing. (if not breathing) Check for pulse. (if no pulse) perform CPR

What to do in an Emergency

Performing CPR on Adult: Video

Rescue breathing is used to restore breathing to a person who is unconscious and not breathing but has a pulse.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is used when the person has no pulse.

Rescue Breathing & CPR

Performing CPR on Child: Video

Using an AED: Video

Performing CPR on Infant: Video

Choking is an emergency in which the airway is blocked by a piece of food or other small object.

Encourage victim to cough.

If the victim cannot talk or cough, then the airway is completely blocked.

The universal distress signal is a warning that a person has difficulty breathing.

Choking

Abdominal thrusts are a series of thrusts to the abdomen to force air from the lungs to dislodge an object.

First Aid Choking

Heimlich Maneuver Adult: Video

First Aid Choking: Infant

Heimlich Maneuver Infant: Video

Shock is a dangerous reduction in blood flow.◦ Signs: fainting, dizziness, confusion or weakness;

cool and clammy skin; blue fingernails and lips; weak but rapid pulse with shallow breaths.

Call 9-1-1 Lie down with legs raised above heart level. Loosen tight clothing. Keep victim warm. Do not give victim food or drink.

Shock and Bleeding

Call 9-1-1 if excess bleeding Follow universal precautions Place a clean cloth or sterile dressing on wound &

apply pressure Raise the wound above heart level Use a roller bandage to cover the cloth when the

bleeding stops.

How to Stop Bleeding

Shock and Bleeding Control: Video

First degree burn is a mild burn that affects the first, or outer, layer of skin.◦ Run cool water over burn◦ Don’t use ice, cream, butter or grease◦ Cover small burns◦ Healing takes about 6 days to heal

Treating Burns: 1st degree

Second degree burns are serious & affect the 2nd & 3rd layer of skin.◦ White or red skin appearance◦ Rinse with cool water◦ Call 9-1-1◦ Do not break blisters◦ Takes 2-4 weeks to heal

Treating Burns: 2nd degree

A third degree burn is an extremely serious burn that damages all layers of the skin, & sometimes the tissues below the skin, causing loss of fluid & sometimes shock.◦ Dark & charred skin◦ Use cool water◦ Call 9-1-1◦ Use rescue breathing if needed & treat for shock

Treating Burns: 3rd degree

Signs of poisoning: ◦ Nausea◦ Difficulty breathing◦ Vomiting ◦ Chest pain ◦ Abdominal cramps◦ Sweating ◦ Rashes◦ Seizures

Treating Poisoning

Call 1-800-222-1222

U.S. National Poison Hotline

Do not induce vomiting or give fluids unless instructed to do

so.

For poisons on the skin, wash gently with soap & run water

for 10 minutes.

Signs of broken bones include hearing or feeling a snap or difficulty moving the injured area.

Call 9-1-1 Never move a victim with a neck or back injury. Use a splint to keep the injured part from moving. Apply ice or a cold pack.

Broken Bones

A dislocation occurs when a bone moves from its joint.

Call 9-1-1 Keep joint from moving Use a splint & apply a cold compress

Dislocations

A sprain is a torn or over stretched ligament.

Sprains cause swelling & pain. Bruises may appear.

Remember PRICE to treat sprains◦ Protect – splint, tape, or brace◦ Rest◦ Ice – 15 to 20 minutes for 3 to 5 times a day◦ Compression – wear elastic bandage for 2 days◦ Elevate – elevate injury above heart

Sprains