Motivation Across Cultures

Ashley SandersTara Kern

Dylan Parks

Motivation

0Psychological process through which unsatisfied wants/needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals/incentives0 Determinants: intrinsic, extrinsic

0Basic Motivation Process

Unsatisfied need

Drive toward goal to satisfy

need

Need satisfaction

The Universalist Assumption

0Motivation process = universal0 Content and goals not0 Why?

0 Interest of the worker varies by country

The Assumption of Content and Process

0Content Theories0 What initiates behavior0 Broad generalization of country

0Process Theories0 How behavior is initiated0 Individual oriented

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs0Assumptions:

0 Lower level first0 Satisfied need no longer

motivator0 More ways to satisfy

higher

Physiological

Safety

Social

Esteem

Self Actualization

Maslow Cont’d

0Too Westernized 0 Focused on individual needs0 Some countries have different order to needs

0Asian cultures focus on society’s needs0 Social, Physiological, Safety, Self

Hofstede’s View of Maslow’s Needs

0Need satisfaction profile NOT useful to address motivation

0 Job categories0 Self & esteem = professionals0 Safety & physiological = low-level workers0 Physiological & Social = unskilled workers

0Universal

Top 10 Ranking Goals for Professionals

Training

ChallengeAutonomy

Up-to-dateness

Use of Skills

Advancement

RecognitionEarnings

Cooperation

Manager

Top 10 Ranking Goals for Professionals

Ranking Need1 Training2 Challenge3 Autonomy4 Up-to-Dateness5 Use of Skills6 Advancement7 Recognition8 Earnings9 Cooperation

10 Manager

The Herzberg Theory

0When feel good/bad about job?0Two-factor theory of motivation

0 Hygiene factor: job context factors (psychological, higher levels)

0 Motivators: job content factors (environmental, lower levels)

0Relate to job satisfaction