Morphological Diversity in Philippine H yas

Joald G. CalpoBS Biology Major in Systematics

06 August 2008

This talk will…

…discuss the variations in floral and vegetative traits of Philippine wax plants

…show the clustering of Hoya based on morphological traits

…open minds on Hoya awareness and the opportunities it caters

• Very little study has been made on the medicinal qualities of the genus

• New species, varieties and hybrids are always of great interest to growers and collectors

Prospects of Philippine Hoyas

•Collectors are always interested in obtaining new species

•New species command a higher price

Prospects of Philippine Hoyas

The Genus Hoya

• Wax plant• Family Asclepiadaceae• Pollen in gelatinous

masses• Most are epiphytic

vines with milky sap• Can be found at all

altitudes

The Hoya flower

Parts of a Hoya corona Parts of a Hoya pollinarium

Distribution of Philippine Hoyas

Distribution of Philippine Hoyas

Meet our Philippine H yas

Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya buotii Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya coriacea Blume

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya crasssicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya cumingiana Decaisne

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya densifolia Turczaninow

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya merrillii Schlechter

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya mindorensis Schlechter

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya obscura Elmer ex Burton

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya pubicalyx Merrill

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Hoya siariae Kloppenburg

Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar

Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg

Floral Diversity in Philippine H yas

Hoya siariae

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana

Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii

Hoya mindorensis Hoya obscura Hoya pubicalyx

Hoya coriacea

Hoya pubicalyx Hoya siariae

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana

Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii

Hoya mindorensis Hoya obscura

Hoya coriacea

Hoya obscura Hoya siariae

Corona Diversity in Hoyas

Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana

Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii

Hoya mindorensis Hoya pubicalyx

Hoya coriacea

H. siariae

Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas

H. bicolor H. buotii H. coriacea H. cumingiana H. densifolia

H. meliflua H. merrillii H. mindorensis H. obscura

H. crassicaulis

H. pubicalyx

H. siariae

Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas

H. bicolor H. buotii H. coriacea H. cumingiana H. densifolia

H. meliflua H. merrillii H. mindorensis

H. crassicaulis

H. pubicalyxH. obscura

Floral Diversity in Hoyas

•Measurements of corona, pollinarium and retinaculum showed wide variations

2.16 1.64 1.12 0.60 0.08

H. bicolor

H. crassicaulis

H. densifolia

H. siariae

H. cumingiana

H. mindorensis

H. merrilllii

H. obscura

H. buotii

H. carnosa

H. meliflua

H. coriacea

H. pubicalyx

Coefficient

Genetic relationships of 13 Philippine Hoya species using UP- GMA

Floral Diversity in Hoyas

•H. pubicalyx and H. coriacea had the largest value for most traits

•H. obscura had the lowest values for most traits

Vegetative Diversity in Hoyas

• Venation pattern can either be pinnately or palmately netted

•Species can be delineated through the different characters of blade

•Morphometrics

•Tree Reconstruction

•Historical Biogeography

Uses of morphological diversity

Hoya phylogeny

Status in World Horticulture

• Most of the hoyas sold worldwide have Philippine origins.

• Positive indication of the diversity, rarity and world class beauty of Philippine hoyas

Status in World Horticulture

HOYA SPECIES Price range ($)

H. pubicalyx 7.50-15.00

H. mindorensis 7.50-15.00

H. siariae 12.00-25.00

H. buotii 12.00-25.00

H. bicolor 12.00-25.00

H. paziae 15.00-20.00

H. imperialis 25.00-75.00

H. meliflua 9.50-12.00

Future of Philippine Hoya

Philippines possess the richest and most diverse range of hoya species in the world

Philippine hoyas have created a niche in the global hoya industry

Diversity in Philippine Hoyas…

... is seen both in floral and vegetative traits… provided clustering based on degree of

similarity… caters several opportunities for scientists,

enthusiasts and ordinary household

Time to act now and capitalize on the

popularity of Philippine H yas!

References

RAMNEL, D. 2005. Useful Plants of the Philippines: A Scienific Guide to Modern Botanical Medicine Volume 1. Quezon City: C and E Publishing Inc.

SIAR, S.V. et al. 2007. “Corona and Pollinarium diversity in Philippine Hoyas” Asia Life Sciences 16 (2), pp 195- 208.

SIAR, S.V. 2005. Philippine Hoyas. Los Baños, Laguna: PCARRD. 23 p.

WANNTROP, L. et al. 2006. “Towards a Monophyleic Hoya (Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae): Inferences from the Chloroplast trnL Region and the rbcL- atpB Spacer” Systematic Botany 31(3).

pp 586- 596.

Acknowledgement

Dr. Simeona V. Siar, Institute of Plant Breeding

Dr. Robert Dale Kloppenburg

Professor Annalee C. Soligam- Hadsall, Institute of Biological Sciences

Miss Mary Ann Cajano, Botanical Herbarium, Museum of Natural History

Miss Ercie Vicencio, Institute of Plant Breeding

Thank y u!