Morphological Diversity in Philippine Hoyas
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Morphological Diversity in Philippine H yas
Joald G. CalpoBS Biology Major in Systematics
06 August 2008
This talk will…
…discuss the variations in floral and vegetative traits of Philippine wax plants
…show the clustering of Hoya based on morphological traits
…open minds on Hoya awareness and the opportunities it caters
• Very little study has been made on the medicinal qualities of the genus
• New species, varieties and hybrids are always of great interest to growers and collectors
Prospects of Philippine Hoyas
•Collectors are always interested in obtaining new species
•New species command a higher price
Prospects of Philippine Hoyas
The Genus Hoya
• Wax plant• Family Asclepiadaceae• Pollen in gelatinous
masses• Most are epiphytic
vines with milky sap• Can be found at all
altitudes
The Hoya flower
Parts of a Hoya corona Parts of a Hoya pollinarium
Distribution of Philippine Hoyas
Distribution of Philippine Hoyas
Meet our Philippine H yas
Hoya bicolor Kloppenburg
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya buotii Kloppenburg
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya coriacea Blume
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya crasssicaulis Elmer ex Kloppenburg
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya cumingiana Decaisne
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya densifolia Turczaninow
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya merrillii Schlechter
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya mindorensis Schlechter
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya obscura Elmer ex Burton
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya pubicalyx Merrill
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Hoya siariae Kloppenburg
Photos of Hoya flowers from Dr. S.V. Siar
Photomicrographs of pollinarium and corona from Dr. R.D. Kloppenburg
Floral Diversity in Philippine H yas
Hoya siariae
Corona Diversity in Hoyas
Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana
Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii
Hoya mindorensis Hoya obscura Hoya pubicalyx
Hoya coriacea
Hoya pubicalyx Hoya siariae
Corona Diversity in Hoyas
Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana
Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii
Hoya mindorensis Hoya obscura
Hoya coriacea
Hoya obscura Hoya siariae
Corona Diversity in Hoyas
Hoya bicolor Hoya buotii Hoya cumingiana
Hoya crassicaulis Hoya densifolia Hoya meliflua Hoya merrillii
Hoya mindorensis Hoya pubicalyx
Hoya coriacea
H. siariae
Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas
H. bicolor H. buotii H. coriacea H. cumingiana H. densifolia
H. meliflua H. merrillii H. mindorensis H. obscura
H. crassicaulis
H. pubicalyx
H. siariae
Pollinarium Diversity in Hoyas
H. bicolor H. buotii H. coriacea H. cumingiana H. densifolia
H. meliflua H. merrillii H. mindorensis
H. crassicaulis
H. pubicalyxH. obscura
Floral Diversity in Hoyas
•Measurements of corona, pollinarium and retinaculum showed wide variations
2.16 1.64 1.12 0.60 0.08
H. bicolor
H. crassicaulis
H. densifolia
H. siariae
H. cumingiana
H. mindorensis
H. merrilllii
H. obscura
H. buotii
H. carnosa
H. meliflua
H. coriacea
H. pubicalyx
Coefficient
Genetic relationships of 13 Philippine Hoya species using UP- GMA
Floral Diversity in Hoyas
•H. pubicalyx and H. coriacea had the largest value for most traits
•H. obscura had the lowest values for most traits
Vegetative Diversity in Hoyas
• Venation pattern can either be pinnately or palmately netted
•Species can be delineated through the different characters of blade
•Morphometrics
•Tree Reconstruction
•Historical Biogeography
Uses of morphological diversity
Hoya phylogeny
Status in World Horticulture
• Most of the hoyas sold worldwide have Philippine origins.
• Positive indication of the diversity, rarity and world class beauty of Philippine hoyas
Status in World Horticulture
HOYA SPECIES Price range ($)
H. pubicalyx 7.50-15.00
H. mindorensis 7.50-15.00
H. siariae 12.00-25.00
H. buotii 12.00-25.00
H. bicolor 12.00-25.00
H. paziae 15.00-20.00
H. imperialis 25.00-75.00
H. meliflua 9.50-12.00
Future of Philippine Hoya
Philippines possess the richest and most diverse range of hoya species in the world
Philippine hoyas have created a niche in the global hoya industry
Diversity in Philippine Hoyas…
... is seen both in floral and vegetative traits… provided clustering based on degree of
similarity… caters several opportunities for scientists,
enthusiasts and ordinary household
Time to act now and capitalize on the
popularity of Philippine H yas!
References
RAMNEL, D. 2005. Useful Plants of the Philippines: A Scienific Guide to Modern Botanical Medicine Volume 1. Quezon City: C and E Publishing Inc.
SIAR, S.V. et al. 2007. “Corona and Pollinarium diversity in Philippine Hoyas” Asia Life Sciences 16 (2), pp 195- 208.
SIAR, S.V. 2005. Philippine Hoyas. Los Baños, Laguna: PCARRD. 23 p.
WANNTROP, L. et al. 2006. “Towards a Monophyleic Hoya (Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae): Inferences from the Chloroplast trnL Region and the rbcL- atpB Spacer” Systematic Botany 31(3).
pp 586- 596.
Acknowledgement
Dr. Simeona V. Siar, Institute of Plant Breeding
Dr. Robert Dale Kloppenburg
Professor Annalee C. Soligam- Hadsall, Institute of Biological Sciences
Miss Mary Ann Cajano, Botanical Herbarium, Museum of Natural History
Miss Ercie Vicencio, Institute of Plant Breeding
Thank y u!