More About Matter. Physical vs. Chemical Properties Physical Properties Physical Properties Observed...

More About MatterMore About Matter

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical PropertiesProperties

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties Observed without changing identity of substance.Observed without changing identity of substance.

Ex: color, hardness, density, odor, malleability, ductility, MP temp.Ex: color, hardness, density, odor, malleability, ductility, MP temp.

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Observed during chemical changesObserved during chemical changes

Ex: flammable, explosive, corrosive, rusts, decomposesEx: flammable, explosive, corrosive, rusts, decomposes

Chemical vs. Physical Changes Chemical vs. Physical Changes

Physical ChangePhysical Change Does not alter chemical composition. Does not alter chemical composition. Substance still has same chemical formula.Substance still has same chemical formula.

Ex: bend, cut, grind, dissolve, undergo a phase changeEx: bend, cut, grind, dissolve, undergo a phase change

Chemical ChangeChemical Change Chemical composition changes as a reaction occurs.Chemical composition changes as a reaction occurs. New products formed.New products formed.

Ex: cook food, sour milk, burn wood, explode dynamiteEx: cook food, sour milk, burn wood, explode dynamite

What Type of Change? What Type of Change?

What Type of Change?What Type of Change?

HH22O(s) O(s) → H→ H22O(l)O(l)

2H2H22O (l) → 2HO (l) → 2H22(g) + O(g) + O22(g)(g)

NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)

CHCH44(g) + O(g) + O22(g) → CO(g) → CO22(g) + H(g) + H22O(g)O(g)

Is it Chemical or Physical?Is it Chemical or Physical? Sometimes it is possible to determine a Sometimes it is possible to determine a

chemical change using the naked eye.chemical change using the naked eye.

Things to look for:Things to look for: Gas bubbles produced, unusual color change, Gas bubbles produced, unusual color change,

new odor produced, precipitate formsnew odor produced, precipitate forms

PrecipitatePrecipitate: an insoluble solid that forms : an insoluble solid that forms when two solutions are mixed.when two solutions are mixed.

Types of MatterTypes of Matter

Pure Substance vs. MixturesPure Substance vs. Mixtures

Pure SubstancesPure Substances

ElementsElements

• Made up of atoms of one specific typeMade up of atoms of one specific type

• Have specific physical and chemical properties.Have specific physical and chemical properties.

• Cannot be brokenCannot be broken down by chemical reactions down by chemical reactions

• Ex: Fe, K, Na, SiEx: Fe, K, Na, Si

CompoundsCompounds

Two or more different elements chemicallybonded together.

Have different chemical and physical propertiesthan elements that make them up.

Definite fixed proportions by mass.

• Ex: CEx: C66HH1212OO66, MgCl, MgCl22, CO, CO22, NaCl, NaCl

MixturesMixtures

Two or more pure substances Two or more pure substances physically combinedphysically combined..

Mixtures can be solid, liquid or gaseous.Mixtures can be solid, liquid or gaseous.

Composition Not FixedComposition Not Fixed

Composition of a mixture is NOT FIXEDComposition of a mixture is NOT FIXED..Can vary depending on how much of each Can vary depending on how much of each component is added.component is added.

Retaining Their PropertiesRetaining Their Properties

Substances in Substances in mixtures mixtures retain their retain their own propertiesown properties..

Ex: Iron filings (Fe) Ex: Iron filings (Fe) and sand (SiOand sand (SiO22))

Even if mixed the iron Even if mixed the iron retains its magnetic retains its magnetic propertiesproperties

ClipsClips

Mixtures vs. Pure SubstancesMixtures vs. Pure Substances

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88MBCyiaPSM

Types of MixturesTypes of Mixtures

Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures

Components are Components are distributed uniformlydistributed uniformly at the molecular at the molecular level.level.

All true All true solutionssolutions are are homogeneous.homogeneous.

Aqueous = Aqueous = (aq)(aq)

dissolved in water or dissolved in water or “in solution”“in solution”

If you see If you see (aq)(aq) it is a it is a homogeneous mixturehomogeneous mixture

Ex: NaCl (aq) Ex: NaCl (aq)

Heterogeneous MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures

Components are Components are not uniformly not uniformly distributeddistributed at the at the molecular level.molecular level.

Colloids and Colloids and suspensions are suspensions are included in this included in this category.category.

How to Tell if a True SolutionHow to Tell if a True Solution

Tyndall EffectTyndall Effect Suspensions and colloids have larger particles that Suspensions and colloids have larger particles that

will scatter a beam of light. In a true solution the light will scatter a beam of light. In a true solution the light will not be scatteredwill not be scattered

Techniques to Separate Techniques to Separate MixturesMixtures

Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtures

Components Components retain their own propertiesretain their own properties, , so use these properties to separate them.so use these properties to separate them.

Ex: density, particle size differences, solubility Ex: density, particle size differences, solubility differences, BP temperature, magnetic propertiesdifferences, BP temperature, magnetic properties

FiltrationFiltration

Ex: Separate water & sandEx: Separate water & sand

Can be used to separate Can be used to separate heterogeneous mixturesheterogeneous mixtures

Technique Technique cannotcannot be used be used to separate components of to separate components of solutionssolutions

Separatory FunnelSeparatory Funnel

Ex: Separate oil and Ex: Separate oil and waterwater

What type of mixture?What type of mixture?

EvaporationEvaporation

Ex: Separate sugar Ex: Separate sugar from waterfrom water

ChromatographyChromatography

Solvent runs up paper and Solvent runs up paper and components separate out components separate out along length of paper along length of paper depending on level of depending on level of attraction to solvent.attraction to solvent.

Ex: Separate different types Ex: Separate different types of chlorophyllof chlorophyll

DistillationDistillation

Separates two or more Separates two or more liquids, due to liquids, due to differences in boiling differences in boiling point temppoint temp. .

Ex: Separate alcohol Ex: Separate alcohol and waterand water

ClipsClips

Separating MixturesSeparating Mixtureshttp://youtu.be/fJXBlfwB_Nwhttp://youtu.be/fJXBlfwB_NwDistillationDistillationhttp://youtu.be/tcJXGIJA9Wohttp://youtu.be/tcJXGIJA9Wo

Density CalculatingDensity Calculating

DensityDensity Because all matter has mass and volume, all Because all matter has mass and volume, all

matter has density.matter has density.

No matter the size of the sample, the density No matter the size of the sample, the density doesn’t change.doesn’t change.

It is a physical property.It is a physical property.

See Reference Table S for the density of elements.See Reference Table S for the density of elements.

D D = = MMVV https://www.youtube.com/https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=GnBQ6vIutDMwatch?v=GnBQ6vIutDM

Density of WaterDensity of Water

Density of Pure Water = 1.0 g/mlDensity of Pure Water = 1.0 g/ml

If a substance has a density greater than water it If a substance has a density greater than water it will sink, if not it will float.will sink, if not it will float.

When you dissolve a substance in water it When you dissolve a substance in water it makes it more dense.makes it more dense.

http://youtu.be/7xGo-HPGKmYhttp://youtu.be/7xGo-HPGKmY

Measuring Density (D = M/V)Measuring Density (D = M/V)

MassMass Measured on a Measured on a

scale, often you scale, often you need to use a need to use a weighing dish or a weighing dish or a beaker.beaker.

VolumeVolume Can be measured Can be measured

in different ways.in different ways. For solids the For solids the

method of method of water water displacementdisplacement is is often used.often used.

Density columnDensity columnhttp://youtu.be/-CDkJuo_LYshttp://youtu.be/-CDkJuo_LYsCoke vs Diet cokeCoke vs Diet cokehttp://youtu.be/5HCmRCGv37shttp://youtu.be/5HCmRCGv37s

Cool ClipsCool Clips

Chemical Reactions (Bill Nye)Chemical Reactions (Bill Nye)http://youtu.be/1MiVyBHQmJkhttp://youtu.be/1MiVyBHQmJkhttp://youtu.be/66kuhJkQCVMhttp://youtu.be/66kuhJkQCVMSteve Spangler (clock reactions)Steve Spangler (clock reactions)http://youtu.be/BqeWpywDuiYhttp://youtu.be/BqeWpywDuiYDiet Coke and MentosDiet Coke and Mentoshttp://youtu.be/9vk4_2xboOEhttp://youtu.be/9vk4_2xboOE

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Transcript of More About Matter. Physical vs. Chemical Properties Physical Properties Physical Properties Observed...

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