Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Mood DisordersBy: Angela Pabon
What are the differences between bipolar disorder and depression?
How is depression different between sex and age?
What are some causes of these mood disorders?
What are the different types of treatment for each disorder?
Essential Questions
A psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood
Also known as “Affective Disorders”
It affects a person's everyday emotional state.
Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have/have had a mood disorder
What is a mood disorder?
Three main types of mood disorders: ◦ depressive disorders◦ bipolar disorders◦ other mood disorders (which are substance-
induced or due to general medical conditions) Depressive disorder is relatively common Bipolar disorders are much less common
*seem to be affected by a variety of cultural, economic, and environmental factors
Mood Disorders
What are the similarities and differences between
bipolar disorder and depression?
Both include:
◦ A depressive state◦ Insomnia◦ Excessive emotion(s) present within the individual◦ Suspect to suicide
* However, they are different…
Bipolar Disorder & Depression
The “common cold” of psychological disorders.
Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and anxiety (pessimism)
Depression
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day Significant weight loss or weight gain/decrease or
increase in appetite Insomnia or hypersomnia Psychomotor agitation or retardation Fatigue Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or
inappropriate guilt Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or
indecisiveness Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal
ideation
Symptoms of Depression
Major depression◦ Severe symptoms
Psychotic depression◦ Severe depression + some form psychosis
(hallucinations, delusions, etc.) Postpartum depression
◦ Women experience overwhelming anxiety/sadness of having the responsibility of dealing with a baby
Seasonal affective disorder◦ Depression during the winter season, less of
natural sunlight = less happiness/optimism Bipolar disorder…..
Types of Depression
Manic-depressive illness
Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (shifts in mood, energy, activity levels)
Bipolar disorder often develops in a person's late teens or early adult years (however, some symptoms are experienced during childhood)
Bipolar Disorder
Inflated self-esteem
Decreased need for sleep ( one feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)
More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
Attention is easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant items
Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually)
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
What is Mania?
* Manic episodes =
at least a week if
diagnosed w/
bipolar disorder
Bipolar I Disorder ◦ Mainly defined by manic or mixed episodes that last
at least seven days*The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person's normal behavior
Bipolar II Disorder◦ Expressed by a pattern of depressive episodes
shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes*no full-blown episodes
Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia◦ Mild form of bipolar disorder
*episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression (2+ years)
Types of Bipolar Disorder
How is depression different between sex
and age?
Higher depression rate◦ Biological, life cycle,
hormonal, and psychosocial factors that women experience
Very emotion-based Sadness Worthlessness Guilt
Lower depression rate
More likely experience Fatigue Irritability Insomnia Loss of interest in
activities Turn to alcohol and
drugs more often Lash out/ become
abusive
Women vs. Men
Grief after loss of a loved one
Medical conditions
Bad relationships or environment
Usually gets help and gets past it
When developed in childhood, may continue to adulthood
Puberty Identity Co-occurs with
other disorders : Anxiety Eating disorder Substance abuse
Adults vs. Adolescents
What are some causes of these mood disorders ?
Combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors
◦ Neurotransmitters are out of balance ◦ Some types of depression tend to run in families◦ Trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult
relationship, or any stressful situation
CAUSES DEPRESSION…
There is no SINGLE cause to bipolar disorder.. Substance abuse
◦ Mania is often trigged even more so because of drugs/alcohol
Anxiety disorders◦ PTSD
Genetics◦ “building blocks” of heredity◦ 6 times more likely to develop when a parent or
sibling has the disorder Brain structure
CAUSES BIPOLAR DISORDER
What are the different types of treatments for
each?
Mood stabilizing medications: Lithium, Depakote, Lamictal, Topamax, etc.
Atypical antipsychotic medications: Zyprexa, Abilify, Seroquel, Risperdal, etc.
Antidepressant medications: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, etc.
Bipolar disorder = Medication
Antidepressants
Psychotherapy “Talking it out”
ETC (Electroconclusive Therapy)
Depression = Medication + Therapy
Works CitedBipolar Disorder. (n.d.). NIMH Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved March 30, 2014, from
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
Bipolar Disorder Manic Depression.
(n.d.). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from
http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/bipolar-disorder
Depression. (n.d.). NIMH Depression. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml
Depression Dysthymia, Mood
Disorders, SAD. (n.d.). Depression: Varieties of Depression. Retrieved March 21, 2014,
from http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/depression/varieties-depression
What's the difference between depression and manic depression?. (n.d.). This Emotional Life.
Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/thisemotionallife/blogs/whats-
difference-between-depression-and-manic-depression
What’s the Difference Between Bipolar Disorder and Depression? | Psych Central. (n.d.).
Psych Central.com. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/whats-
the-difference-between-bipolar-disorder-and-depression/000906