Mood DisordersBy: Angela Pabon

What are the differences between bipolar disorder and depression?

How is depression different between sex and age?

What are some causes of these mood disorders?

What are the different types of treatment for each disorder?

Essential Questions

A psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood

Also known as “Affective Disorders”

It affects a person's everyday emotional state.

Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have/have had a mood disorder

What is a mood disorder?

Three main types of mood disorders: ◦ depressive disorders◦ bipolar disorders◦ other mood disorders (which are substance-

induced or due to general medical conditions) Depressive disorder is relatively common Bipolar disorders are much less common

*seem to be affected by a variety of cultural, economic, and environmental factors

Mood Disorders

What are the similarities and differences between

bipolar disorder and depression?

Both include:

◦ A depressive state◦ Insomnia◦ Excessive emotion(s) present within the individual◦ Suspect to suicide

* However, they are different…

Bipolar Disorder & Depression

The “common cold” of psychological disorders.

Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and anxiety (pessimism)

Depression

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day Significant weight loss or weight gain/decrease or

increase in appetite Insomnia or hypersomnia Psychomotor agitation or retardation Fatigue Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or

inappropriate guilt Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or

indecisiveness Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal

ideation

Symptoms of Depression

Major depression◦ Severe symptoms

Psychotic depression◦ Severe depression + some form psychosis

(hallucinations, delusions, etc.) Postpartum depression

◦ Women experience overwhelming anxiety/sadness of having the responsibility of dealing with a baby

Seasonal affective disorder◦ Depression during the winter season, less of

natural sunlight = less happiness/optimism Bipolar disorder…..

Types of Depression

Manic-depressive illness

Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (shifts in mood, energy, activity levels)

Bipolar disorder often develops in a person's late teens or early adult years (however, some symptoms are experienced during childhood)

Bipolar Disorder

Inflated self-esteem

Decreased need for sleep ( one feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)

More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking

Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing

Attention is easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant items

Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually)

Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences

What is Mania?

* Manic episodes =

at least a week if

diagnosed w/

bipolar disorder

Bipolar I Disorder ◦ Mainly defined by manic or mixed episodes that last

at least seven days*The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person's normal behavior

Bipolar II Disorder◦ Expressed by a pattern of depressive episodes

shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes*no full-blown episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia◦ Mild form of bipolar disorder

*episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression (2+ years)

Types of Bipolar Disorder

How is depression different between sex

and age?

Higher depression rate◦ Biological, life cycle,

hormonal, and psychosocial factors that women experience

Very emotion-based Sadness Worthlessness Guilt

Lower depression rate

More likely experience Fatigue Irritability Insomnia Loss of interest in

activities Turn to alcohol and

drugs more often Lash out/ become

abusive

Women vs. Men

Grief after loss of a loved one

Medical conditions

Bad relationships or environment

Usually gets help and gets past it

When developed in childhood, may continue to adulthood

Puberty Identity Co-occurs with

other disorders : Anxiety Eating disorder Substance abuse

Adults vs. Adolescents

What are some causes of these mood disorders ?

Combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors

◦ Neurotransmitters are out of balance ◦ Some types of depression tend to run in families◦ Trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult

relationship, or any stressful situation

CAUSES DEPRESSION…

There is no SINGLE cause to bipolar disorder.. Substance abuse

◦ Mania is often trigged even more so because of drugs/alcohol

Anxiety disorders◦ PTSD

Genetics◦ “building blocks” of heredity◦ 6 times more likely to develop when a parent or

sibling has the disorder Brain structure

CAUSES BIPOLAR DISORDER

What are the different types of treatments for

each?

Mood stabilizing medications: Lithium, Depakote, Lamictal, Topamax, etc.

Atypical antipsychotic medications: Zyprexa, Abilify, Seroquel, Risperdal, etc.

Antidepressant medications: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, etc.

Bipolar disorder = Medication

Antidepressants

Psychotherapy “Talking it out”

ETC (Electroconclusive Therapy)

Depression = Medication + Therapy

Works CitedBipolar Disorder. (n.d.). NIMH Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved March 30, 2014, from

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml

Bipolar Disorder Manic Depression.

(n.d.). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from

http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/bipolar-disorder

Depression. (n.d.). NIMH Depression. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml

Depression Dysthymia, Mood

Disorders, SAD. (n.d.). Depression: Varieties of Depression. Retrieved March 21, 2014,

from http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/depression/varieties-depression

What's the difference between depression and manic depression?. (n.d.). This Emotional Life.

Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/thisemotionallife/blogs/whats-

difference-between-depression-and-manic-depression

What’s the Difference Between Bipolar Disorder and Depression? | Psych Central. (n.d.).

Psych Central.com. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/whats-

the-difference-between-bipolar-disorder-and-depression/000906