Awareness & Sensitivity to Client Needs

Minnesota Healthcare Core CurriculumCreated by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA

These materials are made available by the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities through a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 License.

Fun Quotes to Ponder“There’s only one corner of the world that you can be certain of improving, and that’s your own self.” Aldous Huxley

“The great thing in the world is not so much where we stand but in what direction it is moving.” Oliver Wendall

“If you wish to achieve worthwhile things in your personal and career life, you must become a worthwhile person in your own self-development.” Brian Tracy

Competency 11. Describe the major stages of human development and the basic health needs of humans.a. Describe five common characteristics of

growth and development.b. Describe human needs theory regarding

human actualization

Growth & DevelopmentGrowth – physical changes that place in the

bodyDevelopment – increase in mental,

emotional and social capabilities

Growth & Development from a total process that affects the person physically, mentally and socially.\

5 Common Characteristics of Growth & Development1. Occur in an orderly pattern from simple to

complex.2. Continuous process characterized by spurts of

growth3. Affects all body systems but at different time

periods4. Varies from person to person5. Forms a total process that affects the person

physically, mentally and socially

Stages & Developmental Tasks

As people mature from infancy to old age, person pass through several stages.

Developmental task have to be accomplishedTasks are social, emotional and psychological

growth experiences

Erikson’s Stages of Development (1950)

STAGE AGE ERIKSON’S STAGE

Prenatal Conception - Birth

Infancy Birth – 1 year Trust vs. Mistrust

Toddler 1 – 3 years Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Preschooler 3 – 6 years Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson’s Stages of Development, cont

STAGE AGE ERIKSON’S STAGE

School Age Child 6 – 12 years Industry vs.Inferiority

Adolescences 12 – 20 years Identity vs. Role Confusion

Young Adulthood 20s and 30s Intimacy vs.Isolation

Middle Adulthood 40s and 50s Generativity vs. Stagnation

Later Adulthood 60s to death Ego Integrity vs.Despair

Early Adulthood1. Late teens 30s2. Development tasks

1. Personal & economic independence2. Support group of friends and others3. Developing work skills/career4. Establishing a family5. Managing optimal health & healthy lifestyle

Middle Adulthood1. From 30s mid 60s2. Developmental tasks

1. Expanding personal & social involvement & responsibility

2. Adjusting to the physiological & emotional changes of middle age

3. Reaching & maintaining job satisfaction4. Maintaining health & managing emerging

chronic health conditions

Late Adulthood – Mid 60s to Death

Age is influenced by heredity, nutrition, exercise and lifestyleYoung – old (65 – 74 years) Development Tasks: No change from middle age if healthy Decreasing physical strength & changes in

body – social Adjustments to retirement Adjustments to changing family roles with

spouse, adult children, grandchildren

Late Adulthood - Mid 60s to Death, cont

Middle – Old ( 75 – 84 years) Developmental TaskMore chronic conditions such as arthritisAdjustments to losses – car, siblings, friendsNeed to accept life’s experiencesAccepting one’s immortalityOld – Old ( 85 and older) Developmental TaskAcceptance of physical limitsDependence on others for helpLosses increase related to social activities & deathAcceptance of relocation

Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow, 1908 – 1970, Brooklyn, NY,

studied law, studied psychology at University of WI, theory of psychology

Studied people such as Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Fredrick Douglass

Studied the healthiest 1% of the college student population

Physiological NeedsWater, oxygen, protein, salt, sugar, body tempAlso a need to be active, to rest, eliminate

waste, avoid pain

These are individual needs

Safety & Security NeedsFinding safe circumstancesStabilityProtectionA need for structure, for order, for limits

Becoming concerned with your fears and anxieties

Have a home in a safe neighborhood, nest egg, job security, good retirement, medical insurance

Love & Belonging NeedsFeel the need for a friend, a lover, children, a

sense of community, a need to belong

Become vulnerable to loneliness & social anxieties

Exhibited through our need to marry, have a family, be part of a gang or softball team, a church, a community

Self-Esteem Needs“Belonging” the need to feel

important

Internal esteem = self respect & achievement confidence, independence, freedom, mastery

External esteem = social status & recognitionfame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation

Self-ActualizationGrowth motivation, being needed, self

actualizationThese things do not involve balanceWill become stronger as we “feed” themFulfill potentials - - “be all that you can be”YOUSelf – Actualization = having your lower

needs metIf lower needs are not met = cannot devote

yourself to your full potential

The Needs of Self-Actualizers

Truth Goodness BeautyUnity Wholeness AlivenessUniqueness PerfectionCompletionJustice OrderSimplicityRichness PlayfulnessMeaningfulness

Competency 22. Describe the needs of clients across the

lifespan and how those needs can affect behaviors and attitudes.

a. Describe the 3 different types of needs that humans have across the life span.

b. List the basic needs of infants, children and adolescents.

c. List the developmental needs of young adults and older adults

Three types of needs include:PhysicalEmotionalSpiritual

(in some cultures these needs are described as Body/Mind/Spirit)

Age of child determines rate of development in each area.

Basic Needs by Age GroupsInfantsChildrenYoung AdultsOlder Adults

Age Group Needs1. Needs across Lifespan

Physical Body

Emotional MindSpiritual Spirit

Infant/Children/TeensPhysical, emotional, spiritual

AGE DETERMINESEx: small children prioritize food, warmth,

rest, emotional comfort

Competency 33. Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental

health and social needs of clients and their families.a. Define family.b. List five functions of familiesc. Describe family influence on healthcare d. Describe emotional needs of clients and their

families. e. Describe spiritual needs of clients and their families. f. Describe mental health issues of clients and their

families. g. Describe social needs of clients and their families.

Family Quotes to PonderThe family is a haven in a heartless world.

~Christopher Lasch

Families are like fudge – mostly sweet with a few nuts

~Author Unknown

Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one.

~Jane Howard

FamilyTwo or more people who have chosen to live

together and share their interests, roles, and resources

Types of families

6 Functions of Family1. Growth & development of its members2. Protection3. Nurturance4. Reproduction5. Recreation6. Socialization & Education

Family Influence on HealthcareFirst to recognize illness in its membersFamilies determine:

Whether or not to seek treatmentWhat type of treatment is appropriateWho should provide the treatmentWhere should the treatment be provided

Emotional Needs of Clients and Families

Available support from team membersConversations appropriate to situationAccurate informationAcceptance of array of emotions

Spiritual Needs of Clients and Families

Respect religious needs/valuesMake available proper religious clergy

RabbiPriestImanNative American Tribal ElderChaplainPastorEtc.

Mental Health IssuesDepressionAvoidanceAngerFearIsolation

Defense MechanismsDenialProjectionEnableSuppressionRationalization

Successful Coping StrategiesRelaxation techniquesPrioritizationTime ManagementSelf-Care

Societal Needs of Clients and Families

Activity inclusionActive role in careCare Conference participationSupport Group availability

Competency 44. Explain how different diseases can influence the functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals including dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease.a. Describe how chronic illness affects

individual coping and behaviors.b. Describe how acute illness affects coping

and behaviors.

Diseases – Chronic IllnessChronic Illness – health problem of long duration in which the disease condition shows little change or slowly gets worse

Chronic illness affects the person’s ability to meet their needs for self actualization.

Chronic illness includes stressors that impact the client & family over time.

StressorsEmotional – depressionPhysical – chronic pain, limited mobilitySocial – isolationFinancial – healthcare costsFamily dynamics – not able to fulfill family

role

Family Dynamic May be Affected by

The type of illnessThe duration of the illnessClients ability to fulfill the family role

Diseases – Acute IllnessAcute Illness – a health problem of short duration in which the condition improves or resolvesStress is still presentCrisis = people act differently – angerHospitalizationChronic illness stressors are present

Dementia/Alzheimer’sChronis illness

Impact on loved onesBehavior modificationPersonal feelings providing care to clients with

dementia/Alzheimer’s

For additional information: Share the Alzheimer’s PP

Competency 55. Describe selected client service strategies, including customer service their impact on quality client care and the importance of client participation in group/family activities.a. Identify ways that healthcare workers can

promote client services.b. Discuss ways that quality client care can be

enhanced in the health care setting. c. List common expectations for service.d. Discuss importance of client/family inclusion

group activities

Service StrategiesHealthcare workers promote client servicesa) Stay focused on their needsb) Avoid personal feelingsc) Recognize stage developmentd) Recognize impact of family

CLIENTS ARE………….Internal customers = work in healthcareExternal customers = come to care

Service StrategiesHow to bring quality care to setting

Focus on the clientCare for selfLeave personal problems at homeSeek professional development to assist

in developing your own service strategiesRemember

Patient/client’s vulnerabilityMaybe in a crisis

Expectations for ServiceService is……..

TimelyPatient centeredCompassionate

Importance of Inclusion Group Activities

May reduce lonelinessProvide socializationIncreases self-worthRefocus negative thoughts to positivePromotes feeling of acceptance

Competency 66. Define the stages and processes of death

and dying and the influences those stages have on clients and their families.a. List the emotional stages of grief that occurs

in death and dying.b. List the needs of the dying client and their

familyc. List the different causes of death and

describe how this may affect the client and families ability to progress through the stages of death.

Death5 Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)

1. Denial2. Anger3. Bargaining4. Depression5. Acceptance

DeathNEEDS of dying client/patient

SpiritualFamily SupportLearning needsPhysiologicalHospiceHome care

Causes of Death and the Affect on Families

Unexpected = shockAnticipated = family is tired, prolonged

grievingTraumatic = Homicide, suicide

Competency 77. Describe how to care for the clients’ environment

a. Discuss importance of clean environmentb. Describe proper care of clients’ personal

items

Avoid ClutterClean surface items appropriatelyReduce allergensPromote infection control

Care of Personal ItemsDo not move personal items to new location

Cause or increase confusionPrecipitate anxiety that item is lost

Ask client for cleaning suggestionsPromotes feeling of inclusion Encourages pride in surroundings

Competency 88. Using a problem solving process applied to healthcare situations; describe how healthcare workers can be aware and sensitive to their clients’ needs/ behaviors.a. Discuss the problem solving process as

applied to awareness and sensitivity to clients utilizing a team approach.

Problem SolveIdentify the problemGather informationCreate solutionsSelect a solutionAct/evaluate/revise