Healthcare Ethics Dede Carr, BS, LDA Karen Neu, MSN, CNE, CNP.
Minnesota Healthcare Core Curriculum Created by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA.
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Transcript of Minnesota Healthcare Core Curriculum Created by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA.
Awareness & Sensitivity to Client Needs
Minnesota Healthcare Core CurriculumCreated by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA
These materials are made available by the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities through a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Fun Quotes to Ponder“There’s only one corner of the world that you can be certain of improving, and that’s your own self.” Aldous Huxley
“The great thing in the world is not so much where we stand but in what direction it is moving.” Oliver Wendall
“If you wish to achieve worthwhile things in your personal and career life, you must become a worthwhile person in your own self-development.” Brian Tracy
Competency 11. Describe the major stages of human development and the basic health needs of humans.a. Describe five common characteristics of
growth and development.b. Describe human needs theory regarding
human actualization
Growth & DevelopmentGrowth – physical changes that place in the
bodyDevelopment – increase in mental,
emotional and social capabilities
Growth & Development from a total process that affects the person physically, mentally and socially.\
5 Common Characteristics of Growth & Development1. Occur in an orderly pattern from simple to
complex.2. Continuous process characterized by spurts of
growth3. Affects all body systems but at different time
periods4. Varies from person to person5. Forms a total process that affects the person
physically, mentally and socially
Stages & Developmental Tasks
As people mature from infancy to old age, person pass through several stages.
Developmental task have to be accomplishedTasks are social, emotional and psychological
growth experiences
Erikson’s Stages of Development (1950)
STAGE AGE ERIKSON’S STAGE
Prenatal Conception - Birth
Infancy Birth – 1 year Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddler 1 – 3 years Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Preschooler 3 – 6 years Initiative vs. Guilt
Erikson’s Stages of Development, cont
STAGE AGE ERIKSON’S STAGE
School Age Child 6 – 12 years Industry vs.Inferiority
Adolescences 12 – 20 years Identity vs. Role Confusion
Young Adulthood 20s and 30s Intimacy vs.Isolation
Middle Adulthood 40s and 50s Generativity vs. Stagnation
Later Adulthood 60s to death Ego Integrity vs.Despair
Early Adulthood1. Late teens 30s2. Development tasks
1. Personal & economic independence2. Support group of friends and others3. Developing work skills/career4. Establishing a family5. Managing optimal health & healthy lifestyle
Middle Adulthood1. From 30s mid 60s2. Developmental tasks
1. Expanding personal & social involvement & responsibility
2. Adjusting to the physiological & emotional changes of middle age
3. Reaching & maintaining job satisfaction4. Maintaining health & managing emerging
chronic health conditions
Late Adulthood – Mid 60s to Death
Age is influenced by heredity, nutrition, exercise and lifestyleYoung – old (65 – 74 years) Development Tasks: No change from middle age if healthy Decreasing physical strength & changes in
body – social Adjustments to retirement Adjustments to changing family roles with
spouse, adult children, grandchildren
Late Adulthood - Mid 60s to Death, cont
Middle – Old ( 75 – 84 years) Developmental TaskMore chronic conditions such as arthritisAdjustments to losses – car, siblings, friendsNeed to accept life’s experiencesAccepting one’s immortalityOld – Old ( 85 and older) Developmental TaskAcceptance of physical limitsDependence on others for helpLosses increase related to social activities & deathAcceptance of relocation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow, 1908 – 1970, Brooklyn, NY,
studied law, studied psychology at University of WI, theory of psychology
Studied people such as Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Fredrick Douglass
Studied the healthiest 1% of the college student population
Physiological NeedsWater, oxygen, protein, salt, sugar, body tempAlso a need to be active, to rest, eliminate
waste, avoid pain
These are individual needs
Safety & Security NeedsFinding safe circumstancesStabilityProtectionA need for structure, for order, for limits
Becoming concerned with your fears and anxieties
Have a home in a safe neighborhood, nest egg, job security, good retirement, medical insurance
Love & Belonging NeedsFeel the need for a friend, a lover, children, a
sense of community, a need to belong
Become vulnerable to loneliness & social anxieties
Exhibited through our need to marry, have a family, be part of a gang or softball team, a church, a community
Self-Esteem Needs“Belonging” the need to feel
important
Internal esteem = self respect & achievement confidence, independence, freedom, mastery
External esteem = social status & recognitionfame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation
Self-ActualizationGrowth motivation, being needed, self
actualizationThese things do not involve balanceWill become stronger as we “feed” themFulfill potentials - - “be all that you can be”YOUSelf – Actualization = having your lower
needs metIf lower needs are not met = cannot devote
yourself to your full potential
The Needs of Self-Actualizers
Truth Goodness BeautyUnity Wholeness AlivenessUniqueness PerfectionCompletionJustice OrderSimplicityRichness PlayfulnessMeaningfulness
Competency 22. Describe the needs of clients across the
lifespan and how those needs can affect behaviors and attitudes.
a. Describe the 3 different types of needs that humans have across the life span.
b. List the basic needs of infants, children and adolescents.
c. List the developmental needs of young adults and older adults
Three types of needs include:PhysicalEmotionalSpiritual
(in some cultures these needs are described as Body/Mind/Spirit)
Age of child determines rate of development in each area.
Basic Needs by Age GroupsInfantsChildrenYoung AdultsOlder Adults
Age Group Needs1. Needs across Lifespan
Physical Body
Emotional MindSpiritual Spirit
Infant/Children/TeensPhysical, emotional, spiritual
AGE DETERMINESEx: small children prioritize food, warmth,
rest, emotional comfort
Competency 33. Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental
health and social needs of clients and their families.a. Define family.b. List five functions of familiesc. Describe family influence on healthcare d. Describe emotional needs of clients and their
families. e. Describe spiritual needs of clients and their families. f. Describe mental health issues of clients and their
families. g. Describe social needs of clients and their families.
Family Quotes to PonderThe family is a haven in a heartless world.
~Christopher Lasch
Families are like fudge – mostly sweet with a few nuts
~Author Unknown
Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one.
~Jane Howard
FamilyTwo or more people who have chosen to live
together and share their interests, roles, and resources
Types of families
6 Functions of Family1. Growth & development of its members2. Protection3. Nurturance4. Reproduction5. Recreation6. Socialization & Education
Family Influence on HealthcareFirst to recognize illness in its membersFamilies determine:
Whether or not to seek treatmentWhat type of treatment is appropriateWho should provide the treatmentWhere should the treatment be provided
Emotional Needs of Clients and Families
Available support from team membersConversations appropriate to situationAccurate informationAcceptance of array of emotions
Spiritual Needs of Clients and Families
Respect religious needs/valuesMake available proper religious clergy
RabbiPriestImanNative American Tribal ElderChaplainPastorEtc.
Mental Health IssuesDepressionAvoidanceAngerFearIsolation
Defense MechanismsDenialProjectionEnableSuppressionRationalization
Successful Coping StrategiesRelaxation techniquesPrioritizationTime ManagementSelf-Care
Societal Needs of Clients and Families
Activity inclusionActive role in careCare Conference participationSupport Group availability
Competency 44. Explain how different diseases can influence the functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals including dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease.a. Describe how chronic illness affects
individual coping and behaviors.b. Describe how acute illness affects coping
and behaviors.
Diseases – Chronic IllnessChronic Illness – health problem of long duration in which the disease condition shows little change or slowly gets worse
Chronic illness affects the person’s ability to meet their needs for self actualization.
Chronic illness includes stressors that impact the client & family over time.
StressorsEmotional – depressionPhysical – chronic pain, limited mobilitySocial – isolationFinancial – healthcare costsFamily dynamics – not able to fulfill family
role
Family Dynamic May be Affected by
The type of illnessThe duration of the illnessClients ability to fulfill the family role
Diseases – Acute IllnessAcute Illness – a health problem of short duration in which the condition improves or resolvesStress is still presentCrisis = people act differently – angerHospitalizationChronic illness stressors are present
Dementia/Alzheimer’sChronis illness
Impact on loved onesBehavior modificationPersonal feelings providing care to clients with
dementia/Alzheimer’s
For additional information: Share the Alzheimer’s PP
Competency 55. Describe selected client service strategies, including customer service their impact on quality client care and the importance of client participation in group/family activities.a. Identify ways that healthcare workers can
promote client services.b. Discuss ways that quality client care can be
enhanced in the health care setting. c. List common expectations for service.d. Discuss importance of client/family inclusion
group activities
Service StrategiesHealthcare workers promote client servicesa) Stay focused on their needsb) Avoid personal feelingsc) Recognize stage developmentd) Recognize impact of family
CLIENTS ARE………….Internal customers = work in healthcareExternal customers = come to care
Service StrategiesHow to bring quality care to setting
Focus on the clientCare for selfLeave personal problems at homeSeek professional development to assist
in developing your own service strategiesRemember
Patient/client’s vulnerabilityMaybe in a crisis
Expectations for ServiceService is……..
TimelyPatient centeredCompassionate
Importance of Inclusion Group Activities
May reduce lonelinessProvide socializationIncreases self-worthRefocus negative thoughts to positivePromotes feeling of acceptance
Competency 66. Define the stages and processes of death
and dying and the influences those stages have on clients and their families.a. List the emotional stages of grief that occurs
in death and dying.b. List the needs of the dying client and their
familyc. List the different causes of death and
describe how this may affect the client and families ability to progress through the stages of death.
Death5 Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)
1. Denial2. Anger3. Bargaining4. Depression5. Acceptance
DeathNEEDS of dying client/patient
SpiritualFamily SupportLearning needsPhysiologicalHospiceHome care
Causes of Death and the Affect on Families
Unexpected = shockAnticipated = family is tired, prolonged
grievingTraumatic = Homicide, suicide
Competency 77. Describe how to care for the clients’ environment
a. Discuss importance of clean environmentb. Describe proper care of clients’ personal
items
Avoid ClutterClean surface items appropriatelyReduce allergensPromote infection control
Care of Personal ItemsDo not move personal items to new location
Cause or increase confusionPrecipitate anxiety that item is lost
Ask client for cleaning suggestionsPromotes feeling of inclusion Encourages pride in surroundings
Competency 88. Using a problem solving process applied to healthcare situations; describe how healthcare workers can be aware and sensitive to their clients’ needs/ behaviors.a. Discuss the problem solving process as
applied to awareness and sensitivity to clients utilizing a team approach.
Problem SolveIdentify the problemGather informationCreate solutionsSelect a solutionAct/evaluate/revise