People Places Religion Events Words & Terms

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Scribes

People who could read and write that held positions of power for

keeping written records.

Monarch

Rulers of city states also called kings and queens.

Hammurabi

Babylonian king best known for his strict code of law.

Sargon I

First to have a permanent army that led him to become the world’s

first emperor.

Gilgamesh

King of Uruk known through Sumerian literature as a legendary

figure.

Iraq

Middle Eastern country where Mesopotamia was once located.

Fertile Crescent

A large arc of fertile farmland shaped like a crescent moon.

Mesopotamia

An area where progress occurred by people settling where crops could grow, population then grew, and

civilization was able to form.

Phoenicia

Well known powerful peoples who gained power due to trade since

their land wasn’t suitable for farming.

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

The two land features that caused the Greeks to give Mesopotamia its

name.

The Gods

The Sumerians believed they possessed the characteristics of wanting to be worshipped and

pleased.

To honor the gods.

The most likely reason ziggurats were tall.

Ziggurat

A towering pyramid-shaped temple.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods and goddesses.

Priest

Served an important role in society where they intervened between the Sumerians and their Gods.

Cuneiform

The world’s first form of writing in which a stylus is used to make wedged shape symbols in clay.

City walls

To protect the cities the Sumerians began building between 3000 BC

and 4000 BC they built these.

Social Hierarchy

Divisions of the people by their rank or class in society.

Sumer

The first civilization to arise in Mesopotamia.

Canals

The altering of their environment in order to better survive by building

a series of these to divert flood waters.

Surplus

The word for – having 200 bushels of barley and your family only

needs 100.

City-state

A city and its surrounding land which was fought over for enough

farmland to survive.

Division of labor

Allowed workers to do other jobs due to inventions such as the plow that improved farming methods.

Assyrians

Cruel warriors with a well-organized standing army.

Cylinder Seals

Small stone cylinders engraved with designs for the main purpose of marking property (ownership.)