• Matter can cycle through the biosphere because biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.

• Matter is Recycled within and between the ecosystems.

• Matter is assembles into living tissues or passed out of the body as waste.

• Just think, with every breath you take, you inhale hundreds of oxygen atoms that might have been inhaled by dinosaurs millions of years ago!!

Plants and animals need water to live Natural processes constantly recycle

water throughout the environmentAnimals breathe out water vapor,

return water to the environment through urination

Plants pull water from the ground and lose water from their leaves through transpiration

21 The diagram shows physical changes that

occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows

condensation?A QB RC SD T

PrecipitationRun Off of ground waterEvaporation

• All life on earth is based on carbon. Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue.

• Begins during photosynthesis in which CO2 gas is converted to carbon molecules

• Carbon molecules are then used for energy and growth

• As heterotrophs eat plants, they also gain this energy from carbon

• When the carbon is used, CO2 is released and returned to the atmosphere

• Glucose C6H12O6 is produced by plants, eaten by animals.

Photosynthesis • Animals and plants

exhale CO2 which is taken in by plants to make glucose

Cellular Respiration

Lightening and bacteria in the ground “fix” Nitrogen into a form usable by plants.

It is absorbed by plants, through their roots as nitrates, so they can be used to build amino acids essential for building proteins, enzymes and the nitrogen bases of DNA.

All organisms require phosphorus for growth

Phosphorus cycles in two ways In the short term cycle, phosphorus is

found in plants, animals eat plants, they die, and the phosphorus returns to the soil

In the long term cycle, phosphorus is washed into the sea and is incorporated into rock

WILL REWRITE

The paths of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pass from the nonliving environment to living organisms and then back to the nonliving environment

Ground Water: water retained beneath the surface of the Earth

Evaporation: water is heated by the sun and reenters the atmosphere

Transpiration: water is drawn from stomata in leaves of plants

Water that is not evaporated travels from plants to the atmosphere through transpiration and returns to the Earth as rain.

Respiration: carbon dioxide is given off as a byproduct of cellular respiration

Combustion: carbon is released when fossil fuels are burned

Erosion: Shells of dead organisms (made of calcium carbonate) form limestone. As limestone erodes, carbon becomes available for other organisms

79% of the atmosphere is Nitrogen

Most organisms cannot use Nitrogen in its atmospheric form

Nitrogen Fixation: a few bacteria (found in the soil and on roots of some plants) have enzymes that will break down atmospheric nitrogen and form ammonia

Assimilation: absorption and incorporation of nitrogen into plant and animal compounds

Ammonification: the production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of nitrogen-containing urea

Nitrification: the production of nitrate from ammonia

Denitrification: the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

Phosphorous used in ATP and DNA

Phosphorous in rock dissolves in water and is absorbed by plants

Nonrenewable: Do not replenish themselves naturally

Renewable: Replenish themselves naturally

Alternative Fuels Recycling (reduce, reuse,

recycle)