Risk assessment from pesticides in areas of high vulnerability in Colombia

Martha Villamizar

Pr. Martha Isabel Páez M Rodrigo Sarria

Ghisliene Echeverry

Chemistry Department

Universidad del Valle Research Group in Environmental Pollution by Metals and Pesticides (GICAMP)

Cartagena

Valle del Cauca (River Cauca)

1. HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A POPULATION NEAR TO A PESTICIDE

BURIAL IN CARTAGENA CITY

4 4 N

Ciudadela 2000

Containment area

44 Ha

School

100 m

Storage buildings

Baseball field

44 Hectáreas

STUDY AND CONTROL SITE

Metodología

Puntosdemuestreopreliminarensuelo

10

Preliminary study

Sampling points

AIR MONITORING

PASSIVE SAMPLER

ACTIVE SAMPLER 24 hours

Puntos Muestreadores Pasivos de aire

14

AU

GU

ST

FEB

RU

AR

Y

30

DA

YS

60

DA

YS

90

DA

YS

Muestreodeaire

Muestreodeaireempleando

muestreadores

Muestreodeaireempleando

muestreadorac vo

13

Muestreodeaire

Muestreodeaireempleando

muestreadores

Muestreodeaireempleando

muestreadorac vo

13

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF BLOOD AND URINE

DDT DDE

SOIL SAMPLING

MAIN FINDINGS

ACTIVE AIR SAMPLING

MAIN FINDINGS

CHLORPYRIFOS

SERUM SAMPLES (BLOOD)

(a) Distribution of pp-DDE concentrations (ng / g lipid) in the exposed group (n = 80) and control (n = 20).

(b) Box and whiskers of the logarithm of the concentrations of pp-DDE (ng / g lipid) in the exposed and control groups

Control Study Site

Control Study Site

LogC

on

c p

,p-D

DE

C

on

c p

,p-D

DE

(b) (a)

DDT

Lote Colombiatón y Ciudadela 2000

Ciudadela 2000

Cancha de

beisbol

Colegio Ciudadela 2000

Lote Colombiatón

Las personas que habitan en Ciudadela 2000, y las que frecuentan la cancha de beisbol y el Colegio NO TIENEN EXPOSICIÓN en este momento con los plaguicidas enterrados, y este contacto se debe seguir evitando.

49

COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT AND CIUDADELA 2000

SCHOOL

BASEBALL FIELD

COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT

THE PEOPLE AT CIUDADELA 2000, THE BASEBALL FIELD AND THE SCHOOL HAVE NO RISK BECAUSE OF THE BURIED PESTICIDES BUT SHOULD NOT HAVE CONTACT WITH COLOMBIATÓN EMPLACEMENT

COLOMBIATON EMPLACEMENT

REPORTED DATA FROM 2006

Organophosphorous pesticides

Organochlorine pesticides

chlorpyrifos diazinon

Dichlorvos Dimethoate disulfoton

ethyl parathion Ethoprophos Fenchlorphos

(Ronnel) Guthion

methyl Parathion O, O, O-triethyl

phosphorothionate Parathion propoxur

Prothiofos (Tokuthion)

Phorate Thionazin

metamidofos Malathion

Aldrin alpha BHC Beta BHC Chlordane

DDD DDE DDT

Dieldrin Endosulfan Endosulfan

sulfate

Endrin Endrin Aldehyde

Endrin Ketone Epsilon BHC gamma BHC

heptachlor Epoxide Heptachlor

Methoxychlor Toxaphene

Technical Concept 886 of June 15, 2006 the MAVDS.

Chlorpyrifos Toxaphene

Endrin Ketone Endrin Aldehyde

DDE DDT

DDD

SPATIAL ANALYSIS

SADA: Spatial Analysis And Decision Assistance

MODELS FOR HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

Carcinogenic risk by ingestion Carcinogenic risk by dermal contact

Carcinogenic risk by Inhalation Carcinogenic risk by vegetable ingestion

Total cancer Risk map

Risk > 10-5

18

Noncarcinogenic risk by soil ingestion Noncarcinogenic risk by dermal contact

Noncarcinogenic risk by vegetable ingestion Noncarcinogenic risk by inhalation

Total noncancinogenic risk map

Risk > 1

Risk assessment for possible uses of the emplacement

• Residential

• Industrial

• Agricultural

• Recreation

• Excavation

• Construction

RISK

2. PESTICIDES IN WATER AND SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVER CAUCA

SP1 (La Balsa), SP2 (Hormiguero), SP3 (Juanchito), SP4 (Puerto Isaacs), SP5 (Paso de la torre), SP6 (Mediacanoa), SP7 (Puente Guayabal) SP8 (Anacaro).

WATER AND SEDIMENTS

RIVER CAUCA

460 Km

SPE Ultrasonic extraction Pesticide Concentration

(mg/l)

Mean

recovery (%)

LOD

µg/l

Concentration

(mg/l)

Mean

recovery (%)

LOD

mg/kg α-BHC 0.06 112,00 (25,00) 0,0250 0.10 107,00 (2,83) 0,0050 b-BHC 0.09 94,00 (13,00) 0,0260 0.16 144,00 (2,83) 0,0050

g-BHC 0.07 88,00 (12,00) 0,0120 0.09 81,00 (8,49) 0,0020 p,p'-DDT 0.73 166,60 (171,00) 0,0460 0.22 106,50 (17,68) 0,0090

p,p'-DDD 0.07 60,10 (55,60) 0,0140 0.08 93,00 (8,49) 0,0030 p,p'-DDE 0.04 106,00 (28,00) 0,0130 0.07 102,00 (1,41) 0,0030 Aldrin 0.06 79,00 (19,00) 0,0120 0.08 79,00 (14,14) 0,0020 Dieldrin 0.06 80,00 (6,00) 0,0130 0.10 107,00 (1,41) 0,0030 Endrin 0.07 46,90 (25,40) 0,0150 0.10 115,50 (13,44) 0,0030

Endrin ketone 0.30 102,00 (1,00) 0,0280 0.45 107,50 (2,12) 0,0060 Endosulphan-α 0.28 78,00 (9,00) 0,0130 0.20 128,00 (11,31) 0,0030 Endosulphan-b 0.15 92,00 (5,00) 0,0070 0.20 98,00 (8,49) 0,0010

Heptachlor 0.04 89,00 (29,00) 0,0240 0.07 103,00 (4,24) 0,0050 Methoxychlor 0.69 87,40 (40,40) 0,0660 0.50 99,00 (4,24) 0,0130 Dichlorvos 1.00 58,20 (19,92) 0,0240 0.50 55,97 (12,41) 0,0240

Sulfotep 0.50 61,52 (11,21) 0,0990 2.10 52,84 (9,09) 0,0990

Thionazin 1.25 88,30 (5,22) 0,0580 1.10 63,50 (3,95) 0,0580 Prophos 2.90 125,15 (11,93) 0,2870 2.40 88,76 (3,36) 0,2870 Dimethoate 0.70 100,80 (7,62) 0,7190 3.70 79,57 (6,92) 0,7190 Diazinon 1.00 186,67 (15,90) 0,1090 1.40 83,19 (4,84) 0,1090 Disulfoton 0.40 13,80 (9,40) 0,1150 2.00 75,20 (5,48) 0,1150

Parathion 4,20 86,12 (3,90) 1,1160 4.96 75,72 (2,92) 1,1160 Parathion-methyl 0.20 94,22 (4,49) 0,0460 0.80 78,80 (6,42) 0,0460 Fenchlorvos 0.30 73,29 (11,05) 0,0070 0.50 77,47 (3,08) 0,0070 Chlorpyriphos 4.20 81,84 (6,50) 0,0440 0.55 119,20 (4,85) 0,0440 Prothiofos 0.20 52,10 (9,04) 0,0540 0.50 84,91 (4,84) 0,0540

Famphur 0.50 157,30 (18,23) 0,0540 1.10 89,33 (6,35) 0,0540 Carbaryl 0.05 99,84 (4,04) 0,0025 0.05 82,46 (5,05) 0,0012 Simazine 0.1 77,04 (5,53) 0,0101 0.1 83,76 (9,38) 0,0050 Atrazine 0.1 87,18 (6,29) 0,0046 0.1 92,54 (3,46) 0,0023 Methomyl 0.2 14,68 (3,64) 0,0155 0.2 85,08 (6,91) 0,0077

Diuron 0.2 101,92 (4,02) 0,0089 0.2 87,02 (1,44) 0,0045 Propanil 0.2 106,90 (7,40) 0,0111 0.2 92,75 (8,40) 0,0056

33 PESTICIDES

14 ORGANOCHLORINE

13 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS

2 CARBAMATES

3 TRIAZINES

1 DIMETHYLUREA

EPA 508.1

EPA 3550 C MODIFIED EPA METHODS

Sampling period 2010 and 2011 3 times

Above the levels established by the US EPA

Water (21 pesticides) Sediment (22 pesticides)

α-HCH Heptachlor Methoxychlor Endrin ketone Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Methyl parathion Parathion Carbaryl Diuron Atrazine Simazine

α-BHC -BHC Aldrin Dimethoate Thionazin Prophos Prothiofos Famphur

Parathion-methyl

Endosulfan Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Dieldrin α-BHC p,p'-DDT p,p'-DDE Heptachlor Methoxychlor Dichlorvos Sulfotep

Prophos Dimethoate Atrazine Simazine Diuron Aldrin Endrin ketone Thionazin Parathion-methyl Prothiophos Carbaril

0

10

20

30

I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II IIISP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7 SP8

59

.4

79

.0

56

.0

44

.0

11

2.0

52

.0

24

0.5

1

19

.0

50

.6

17

7.0

2

16

.0

ug/

l

∑ OCs

∑ OPs

∑ OP

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II IIISP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP6 SP7 SP8

mg/

kg

∑ OCs

∑ OPs

∑ OP

Distribution of total pesticides in the River Cauca water

sediment

Next step: Catchment modelling in the River Cauca

Renaud, F. G., Bellamy, P. H. and Brown, C. D. (2008). Simulating pesticides in ditches to assess ecological risk (SPIDER): I. Model description. Science of the Total Environment, 394(1), 112-123.

SPIDER

Modelling the fate of pesticides in the Wensum catchment in the UK

Villamizar, M.L., Brown, C.D.

University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK

Poster 12

Conclusions

Agricultural activities in countries like Colombia need to be adjusted to GAP standards to decline pesticide impacts

Urgent to continue monitoring programmes to confirm disturbing result risk