Post on 19-Jan-2016
description
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Mapping the British Isles
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
based on Trudgill, Dialects, Routledge 1994, pages 37-39.
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
Mapping the British Isles
Scotland
Northeast
North
East CentralWest Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
Mapping the British Isles
Scotland
Northeast
North
East CentralWest Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
N. Ireland(Ulster)
S. Ireland(Eire)
Mapping the British Isles
+r
+r
-r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
NB!
arm
+r
+r
-r+r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
+r
+r
-r
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging+h
house
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
sun
Last
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
tongue
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
• R-Dropping• H-Dropping• FOOT-STRUT Split• NG Coalescence• FACE-Diphthonging
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Scotland
Northeast
North
East Central
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
West Central
Wales
Scotland 3
Northeast 3
North 4
East Central 5
Western SW 6
Eastern SW7
Southeast 8
West Central 4
Wales 5
HiglandScottish
Scotland
NortheastNorth
East Central
West Central
Wales
Western SW
Eastern SW
Southeast
N. Ireland(Ulster)
S. Ireland(Eire)
R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth. new
1 Scotland o o n n o 2
2 The Northeast n o o n o 2
3 The North n n o n o 3
4 Wales n n n n o 4
5 West Central n n o o n 3
6 East Central n n o n n 4
7 Western SW o n n n o 3
8 Eastern SW o n n n n 4
9 The Southeast n n n n n 5
R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth.
BATH-
TRAP Split
FOOT-
GOOSE Merger
Diph-thongShift new
1 Scotland o o n n o o n o 3
2 The Northeast n o o n o o o o 2
3 The North n n o n o o o o 3
4 Wales n n n n o o o o 4
5 West Central n n o o n o o o 3
6 East Central n n o n n o o o 4
7 Western SW o n n n o n o n 5
8 Eastern SW o n n n n n o n 6
9 The Southeast n n n n n n o n 7
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• BATH-TRAP Split
• FOOT-STRUT Split• BATH-TRAP Split
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• Diphthong Shift
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http://notendur.hi.is/peturk/KENNSLA/87/VARS/index.html
Were you looking at this?
R-Drop
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NGCo
Long Mid
Diphth.
BATH-
TRAP Split
FOOT-
GOOSE Merger
Diph-thongShift
NURSE
Merger new
1 Scotland o o n n o o n o o 3
2 The Northeast n o o n o o o o n 3
3 The North n n o n o o o o n 4
4 Wales n n n n o o o o n 5
5 West Central n n o o n o o o n 4
6 East Central n n o n n o o o n 5
7 Western SW o n n n o n o n n 6
8 Eastern SW o n n n n n o n n 7
9 The Southeast n n n n n n o n n 8
So I should have added another variable:
Particular variables:• reversing several several variables particularly
NG Coalescence– also others e.g. FOOT-GOOSE and FOOT-
STRUT - spoilt calculations
Report on assignment 4
Particular variables:• FOOT-GOOSE not an innovation?• FOOT-STRUT in Scotland may not be an
innovation either.
Report on assignment 4
Particular variables:• SW no Diphth Shift - difficulties with Diphth Shift• FOOT-GOOSE marked -/+ in the Northeast• use of schwa for STRUT in Wales (one answer)• R-Dropping negative in Northeast. Northumbrian
burr
Report on assignment 4
Reasons• “It is most likely that the areas that have the
highest number of innovative forms do so because they have been highly influenced by other languages.”
• French influence.• London a melting-point for foreigners and Brits
from all over.
Report on assignment 4
Reasons• Immigrants…• When did they appear in any numbers? What of
the variables we are discussing could be attributed to foreign influence?
• Not clear that any of the variables concerned could be attributed to French influence ….H-Dropping?? – What percentage of the population spoke French?– French influence in vocabulary
Report on assignment 4
Reasons• The Norse influence in the Middle Ages (before
the French):– Clear grammatical influence– But we are talking of the accents of Standard English,
which has the same grammar everywhere …– A Norse-English creole???
• … to be continued
Report on assignment 4
Reasons• Conditions for dissemination of innovation:
– assume random occurrence of innovations• but greater probability in denser
populations• remember the critical size of children’s
groups
Report on assignment 4
Reasons• the socio-linguistic effect must be in the
dissemination, not the occurence– otherwise notional association of linguistic
factors with quality: phonetics, grammar …• so the two factors are
– large population– prestige of the new form (group identity. NB
prestige works both ways)
Report on assignment 4
-r -h u X e:
-r -h Æ X e:
-r -h u X e: