Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2 Remote Sensing 2.3.

Mapping our WorldMapping our WorldChap. 2Chap. 2Chap. 2Chap. 2

Latitude and Longitude 2.1

Types of Maps 2.2

Remote Sensing 2.3

Latitude and Longitude – 2.1

ObjectivesObjectives• Compare & contrast latitude & longitude• Describe how time zones vary

Science of mapmakingScience of mapmaking

I.I. CartographyCartography

II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere

A.A. LatitudeLatitude

(Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and (Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and tell how far North or South an object istell how far North or South an object is

A.A. LatitudeLatitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere

1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center

2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel

3.3. 9090º N is at the north poleº N is at the north pole

http://www.lakelandsd.com

Practice Problem 1The Earth’s circumference is about 40 000 km. There are 360º in a circle. What is the distance betweendegrees?

40 000 km

4.4. Each latitude line is 111kmEach latitude line is 111km

5.5. Degrees are divided into Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds.minutes and seconds.

1 1 º = 60’ º = 60’ 1’ = 60”1’ = 60”

B.B. LongitudeLongitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere

These are ‘long’. They go up These are ‘long’. They go up and down and tell how far and down and tell how far East or West an object isEast or West an object is

1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the polesB.B. LongitudeLongitude

1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the poles

2.2. They are NOT parallelThey are NOT parallel

B.B. LongitudeLongitude

3.3. The prime meridian is 0The prime meridian is 0º º longitude and goes through longitude and goes through Greenwich, EnglandGreenwich, England

4.4. On the opposite side of the On the opposite side of the globe the prime meridian is globe the prime meridian is the International date line.the International date line.

Practice Problem 2What is the distance betweenlongitudedegrees?

III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones

A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zonesIII.III. Time ZonesTime Zones

Practice Problem 3How many degrees for each time zone? (Remember there is a total of 360º)

A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zones

B.B. The dividing lines may be slightly The dividing lines may be slightly adjustedadjusted

C.C. The International Date line marks The International Date line marks a division betweena division between

1.1. When you cross this traveling When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar dayWest you add a calendar day

2.2. When you cross this East you When you cross this East you move the calendar back a daymove the calendar back a day

The End

Types of Maps – 2.2

ObjectivesObjectives• Compare and contrast different map projections• Analyze topographic maps• Describe map characteristics, such as map scales and legends

A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator ProjectionsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps

1.1. Map with parallel lines of Map with parallel lines of latitude and longitudelatitude and longitude

2.2. It distorts shapesIt distorts shapes

Mercator Projection

A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections

B.B. Conic ProjectionsConic Projections

I.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps

1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines onto a coneand lines onto a cone

2.2. Some object not distortedSome object not distorted

Conic Projection

C.C. Gnomonic ProjectionsGnomonic Projections

1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines to paper that and lines to paper that touches globe at single pointtouches globe at single point

C.C. Gnomonic ProjectionsGnomonic Projections

1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines to paper that and lines to paper that touches globe at single pointtouches globe at single point

2.2. Useful for navigationUseful for navigation

Gnomonic Projection

D.D. Topographic MapsTopographic MapsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps

Drawn through places at the same elevationDrawn through places at the same elevation

1.1. Contour linesContour lines

2.2. Index contoursIndex contours

Labeled contour lines.Labeled contour lines.

2.2. Index contoursIndex contours

3.3. Depression contour lines have Depression contour lines have hachureshachures

A.A. Map LegendsMap LegendsII.II. Other featuresOther features

Gives names of map featuresGives names of map features

A.A. Map LegendsMap Legends

B.B. Map ScalesMap Scales

II.II. Other featuresOther features

Tells ratio of map distances to real distancesTells ratio of map distances to real distances

Practice Problem 4What is the distance from Buffalo to Albany?

The End

Remote Sensing – 2.3

ObjectivesObjectives• Compare & contrast the different forms of radiation in the EM spectrum• Describe how satellites and sonar are used to map Earth’s surface•Describe the Global Positioning System

I.I. On-site observationsOn-site observations

You go to the location you want to mapYou go to the location you want to map

II.II. Remote sensingRemote sensing

A.A. Satellites are often usedSatellites are often used

B.B. The electromagnetic The electromagnetic spectrum is used, toospectrum is used, too

Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum

Radio waves

Micro-waves

Long waves

Short waves

Infra-red

Visible

Ultra-violet

X-rays

Gamma rays

III.III. SatellitesSatellites

A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites

A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites1.1. uses visible and infrared lightuses visible and infrared light

2.2. measures light radiated by measures light radiated by Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface

3.3. useful for comparisons of useful for comparisons of landforms over timelandforms over time

4.4. imagesimages

Black Hills Fire - 2000Black Hills Fire - 2000

Mississippi DeltaMississippi Delta

New Orleans – before & afterNew Orleans – before & after

B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite

1.1. uses high frequency radio wavesuses high frequency radio waves

2.2. looks at ocean surface, which looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floorindicates features of ocean floor

3.3. studies tides and currentsstudies tides and currents

4.4. imagesimages

Southeastern USSoutheastern US

C.C. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)

1.1. 24 satellites working together24 satellites working together

2.2. uses microwavesuses microwaves

3.3. used primarily for navigationused primarily for navigation

IV.IV. Ship based technologyShip based technology

A.A. Sea BeamSea Beam

1.1. uses sonaruses sonar

2.2. maps the ocean floormaps the ocean floor

Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2 Remote Sensing 2.3.

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