Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2 Remote Sensing 2.3.
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Transcript of Mapping our World Chap. 2 Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2 Remote Sensing 2.3.
Mapping our WorldMapping our WorldChap. 2Chap. 2Chap. 2Chap. 2
Latitude and Longitude 2.1
Types of Maps 2.2
Remote Sensing 2.3
Latitude and Longitude – 2.1
ObjectivesObjectives• Compare & contrast latitude & longitude• Describe how time zones vary
Science of mapmakingScience of mapmaking
I.I. CartographyCartography
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
A.A. LatitudeLatitude
(Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and (Lat = fLat) These lines are horizontal and tell how far North or South an object istell how far North or South an object is
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
A.A. LatitudeLatitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
A.A. LatitudeLatitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel
A.A. LatitudeLatitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel
3.3. 9090º N is at the north poleº N is at the north pole
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II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel
3.3. 9090º N is at the north poleº N is at the north pole
A.A. LatitudeLatitude
Practice Problem 1The Earth’s circumference is about 40 000 km. There are 360º in a circle. What is the distance betweendegrees?
40 000 km
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel
3.3. 9090º N is at the north poleº N is at the north pole
4.4. Each latitude line is 111kmEach latitude line is 111km
A.A. LatitudeLatitude
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Equator drawn at centerEquator drawn at center
2.2. Lines are parallelLines are parallel
3.3. 9090º N is at the north poleº N is at the north pole
4.4. Each latitude line is 111kmEach latitude line is 111km
5.5. Degrees are divided into Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds.minutes and seconds.
1 1 º = 60’ º = 60’ 1’ = 60”1’ = 60”
A.A. LatitudeLatitude
B.B. LongitudeLongitudeII.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
These are ‘long’. They go up These are ‘long’. They go up and down and tell how far and down and tell how far East or West an object isEast or West an object is
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the polesB.B. LongitudeLongitude
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the poles
2.2. They are NOT parallelThey are NOT parallel
B.B. LongitudeLongitude
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the poles
2.2. They are NOT parallelThey are NOT parallel
3.3. The prime meridian is 0The prime meridian is 0º º longitude and goes through longitude and goes through Greenwich, EnglandGreenwich, England
B.B. LongitudeLongitude
II.II. Locating objects on a sphereLocating objects on a sphere
1.1. Travel through the polesTravel through the poles
2.2. They are NOT parallelThey are NOT parallel
3.3. The prime meridian is 0The prime meridian is 0º º longitude and goes through longitude and goes through Greenwich, EnglandGreenwich, England
4.4. On the opposite side of the On the opposite side of the globe the prime meridian is globe the prime meridian is the International date line.the International date line.
B.B. LongitudeLongitude
Practice Problem 2What is the distance betweenlongitudedegrees?
III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zonesIII.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
Practice Problem 3How many degrees for each time zone? (Remember there is a total of 360º)
A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zones
B.B. The dividing lines may be slightly The dividing lines may be slightly adjustedadjusted
III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zones
B.B. The dividing lines may be slightly The dividing lines may be slightly adjustedadjusted
C.C. The International Date line marks The International Date line marks a division betweena division between
III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zones
B.B. The dividing lines may be slightly The dividing lines may be slightly adjustedadjusted
C.C. The International Date line marks The International Date line marks a division betweena division between
III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
1.1. When you cross this traveling When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar dayWest you add a calendar day
A.A. The Earth is divided into 24 zonesThe Earth is divided into 24 zones
B.B. The dividing lines may be slightly The dividing lines may be slightly adjustedadjusted
C.C. The International Date line marks The International Date line marks a division betweena division between
III.III. Time ZonesTime Zones
1.1. When you cross this traveling When you cross this traveling West you add a calendar dayWest you add a calendar day
2.2. When you cross this East you When you cross this East you move the calendar back a daymove the calendar back a day
The End
Types of Maps – 2.2
ObjectivesObjectives• Compare and contrast different map projections• Analyze topographic maps• Describe map characteristics, such as map scales and legends
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator ProjectionsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator ProjectionsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Map with parallel lines of Map with parallel lines of latitude and longitudelatitude and longitude
2.2. It distorts shapesIt distorts shapes
Mercator Projection
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections
B.B. Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
I.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections
B.B. Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
I.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines onto a coneand lines onto a cone
2.2. Some object not distortedSome object not distorted
Conic Projection
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections
B.B. Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
C.C. Gnomonic ProjectionsGnomonic Projections
I.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines to paper that and lines to paper that touches globe at single pointtouches globe at single point
A.A. Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections
B.B. Conic ProjectionsConic Projections
C.C. Gnomonic ProjectionsGnomonic Projections
I.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Made by projecting points Made by projecting points and lines to paper that and lines to paper that touches globe at single pointtouches globe at single point
2.2. Useful for navigationUseful for navigation
Gnomonic Projection
D.D. Topographic MapsTopographic MapsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
D.D. Topographic MapsTopographic MapsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
Drawn through places at the same elevationDrawn through places at the same elevation
1.1. Contour linesContour lines
900
D.D. Topographic MapsTopographic MapsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Contour linesContour lines
2.2. Index contoursIndex contours
Labeled contour lines.Labeled contour lines.
900
D.D. Topographic MapsTopographic MapsI.I. Types of MapsTypes of Maps
1.1. Contour linesContour lines
2.2. Index contoursIndex contours
3.3. Depression contour lines have Depression contour lines have hachureshachures
A.A. Map LegendsMap LegendsII.II. Other featuresOther features
Gives names of map featuresGives names of map features
A.A. Map LegendsMap Legends
B.B. Map ScalesMap Scales
II.II. Other featuresOther features
Tells ratio of map distances to real distancesTells ratio of map distances to real distances
Practice Problem 4What is the distance from Buffalo to Albany?
The End
Remote Sensing – 2.3
ObjectivesObjectives• Compare & contrast the different forms of radiation in the EM spectrum• Describe how satellites and sonar are used to map Earth’s surface•Describe the Global Positioning System
I.I. On-site observationsOn-site observations
You go to the location you want to mapYou go to the location you want to map
I.I. On-site observationsOn-site observations
II.II. Remote sensingRemote sensing
I.I. On-site observationsOn-site observations
II.II. Remote sensingRemote sensing
A.A. Satellites are often usedSatellites are often used
I.I. On-site observationsOn-site observations
II.II. Remote sensingRemote sensing
A.A. Satellites are often usedSatellites are often used
B.B. The electromagnetic The electromagnetic spectrum is used, toospectrum is used, too
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
Radio waves
Micro-waves
Long waves
Short waves
Infra-red
Visible
Ultra-violet
X-rays
Gamma rays
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites1.1. uses visible and infrared lightuses visible and infrared light
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites1.1. uses visible and infrared lightuses visible and infrared light
2.2. measures light radiated by measures light radiated by Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites1.1. uses visible and infrared lightuses visible and infrared light
2.2. measures light radiated by measures light radiated by Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
3.3. useful for comparisons of useful for comparisons of landforms over timelandforms over time
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
A.A. Landsat SatellitesLandsat Satellites1.1. uses visible and infrared lightuses visible and infrared light
2.2. measures light radiated by measures light radiated by Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
3.3. useful for comparisons of useful for comparisons of landforms over timelandforms over time
4.4. imagesimages
Black Hills Fire - 2000Black Hills Fire - 2000
Mississippi DeltaMississippi Delta
New Orleans – before & afterNew Orleans – before & after
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite
1.1. uses high frequency radio wavesuses high frequency radio waves
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite
1.1. uses high frequency radio wavesuses high frequency radio waves
2.2. looks at ocean surface, which looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floorindicates features of ocean floor
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite
1.1. uses high frequency radio wavesuses high frequency radio waves
2.2. looks at ocean surface, which looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floorindicates features of ocean floor
3.3. studies tides and currentsstudies tides and currents
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
B.B. Topex/Poseidon SatelliteTopex/Poseidon Satellite
1.1. uses high frequency radio wavesuses high frequency radio waves
2.2. looks at ocean surface, which looks at ocean surface, which indicates features of ocean floorindicates features of ocean floor
3.3. studies tides and currentsstudies tides and currents
4.4. imagesimages
Southeastern USSoutheastern US
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
C.C. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
C.C. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)
1.1. 24 satellites working together24 satellites working together
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
C.C. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)
1.1. 24 satellites working together24 satellites working together
2.2. uses microwavesuses microwaves
III.III. SatellitesSatellites
C.C. Global Positioning System Global Positioning System (GPS)(GPS)
1.1. 24 satellites working together24 satellites working together
2.2. uses microwavesuses microwaves
3.3. used primarily for navigationused primarily for navigation
IV.IV. Ship based technologyShip based technology
A.A. Sea BeamSea Beam
IV.IV. Ship based technologyShip based technology
A.A. Sea BeamSea Beam
1.1. uses sonaruses sonar
IV.IV. Ship based technologyShip based technology
A.A. Sea BeamSea Beam
1.1. uses sonaruses sonar
2.2. maps the ocean floormaps the ocean floor