Post on 12-Jan-2017
No. 1/2011
Abstracts of Selected Articles
Compiled by Library, UPP
Malaysian Rubber Board
February 2011
ECONOMICS
Glove Industry ............................................................................................................. 1
Glove Industry – Malaysia ........................................................................................... 1
Latex Industry – Asia ................................................................................................... 1
Nitrile Latex – Malaysia .............................................................................................. 2
NR Prices – China ........................................................................................................ 2
NR Prices – India ......................................................................................................... 2
Synthetic Rubber – History .......................................................................................... 3
Tyres– Prices ................................................................................................................ 3
HEVEA
Chilling Stress and Recovery ....................................................................................... 3
Intercropping ................................................................................................................ 4
Latex Biochemistry ...................................................................................................... 4-5
Molecular Cloning/Genetics ........................................................................................ 5-6
Tapping Panel Dryness ................................................................................................ 7
LATEX CHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
Electrical Conductivity ................................................................................................ 7
Gloves - Antimicrobial Technology ............................................................................ 7-8
Guayule Latex .............................................................................................................. 8
Latex Allergy ............................................................................................................... 8
RUBBER CHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
Fracture ........................................................................................................................ 9
Nanocomposites ........................................................................................................... 9
Fillers – Rice/Wheat Husk ........................................................................................... 10
Tearing Energy............................................................................................................. 10
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ..................................................................................... 11
Viscoelastic Properties ................................................................................................. 11
Vulcanized Rubber....................................................................................................... 11-12
TYRES
Rolling Resistance ....................................................................................................... 12
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Tyre Testing Centre – India ......................................................................................... 12
Tyres – Friction ............................................................................................................ 12-13
Tyres – Performance .................................................................................................... 13
Tyres – Silica and Silanes ............................................................................................ 13
Tyres-- Testing ............................................................................................................. 13-14
OTHERS
Alternative Crops ......................................................................................................... 14
Biofuel.......................................................................................................................... 14
Oil Palm Fibre Composites .......................................................................................... 15
Research Management ................................................................................................. 15-16
Fauziah A. Rahman
Chief Librarian
UPP
28th
February 2011
No. 1/2011
Abstracts of Selected Articles
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No. 1/2011
Abstracts of Selected Articles
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ECONOMICS
GLOVE INDUSTRY
Abraham, K.
SR (XNBR) complements NR in glove industry‟s growth : Dr. Soren Butz
Rubber Asia 2010 24(5) p. 39-43(No.1)
SR (XNBR) is a complementary addition to NR and a guarantee for long-term
growth of the glove industry, says Dr. Soren Butz, Global Head for Dipping Industry and
Director of Marketing, Sales and Application Technology, PolymerLatex. According to
Dr. Butz, SR (XNBR) is a very attractive choice for the glove industry due to a plenty of
reason that will support the growth of gloves industry in the world. Moreover, SR
(XNBR) latices are innovative products with a continuous development over the last
decade.
GLOVE INDUSTRY – MALAYSIA
Anon
Malaysia will retain No.1 slot in rubber gloves
Rubber Asia MARGMA Special 2010 p. 9-12(No.2)
Lee Kim Meow, President of Malaysian Rubber Gloves Manufacturers‟
Association (MARGMA), is the Executive Director of Top Glove Corporation Bhd, the
world‟s largest rubber gloves manufacturer, based in Malaysia. In this article are his
views on the industry.
LATEX INDUSTRY – ASIA
Ouseph, T.
World latex industry : Asia‟s leads, erratic supply makes market frenetic
Rubber Asia MARGMA Special 2010 p. 59-62(No.3)
Asia, dominates the world‟s latex industry, producing over 90% of the world
output. However, latex concentrate has been in the grip of price volatility for the most
part of time due to erratic supply, with prices currently ruling high at around US$ 2.2 in
the producing countries. World supply of latex concentrate has been estimated at around
one million tonnes a year in dry rubber content terms. This comes to about 13% of the
global supply of natural rubber. Of the world output of latex concentrate, over 90%
comes from Asia and the rest from the African and Latin American countries.
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NITRILE LATEX – MALAYSIA
Anon.
A stepping stone into Asia
Rubber Asia 2010 24(5) p. 38-39(No.4)
With the launch of the world-scale nitrile latex plant in Johor, PolmerLatex will
be able to encourage Malaysia‟s growth within the latex industry which is already the
world‟s largest exporter and producer of both nitrile and natural rubber gloves. What‟s
even more important, this strategically located plant will also act as a stepping stone for
PolymerLatex‟s foray into Asia, says Vinny Bhalla, the seasoned Managing Director &
CEO, in an interview to Rubber Asia.
NR PRICES – CHINA
Anon.
High NR prices hit China firms
Polymers & Tyre Asia 2010 1(4) p.16(No.5)
China, the world‟s number one tyre manufacturer in volume terms, is facing
natural rubber shortages. The country‟s limited NR yield is unable to meet the rising
demand of the tyre and non-tyre industry, according to China Natural Rubber
Association. China‟s natural rubber output has shown a remarkable 13.6% increase in
2009 touching 644,000 tonnes, but it has been insufficient to meet the tyre and rubber
manufacturing companies.
NR PRICES – INDIA
Anon.
NR price rise hurts industry growth
Polymer & Tyre Asia 2010 1(4) p.14, 22(No.6)
The Indian tyre industry, which is at a critical juncture of its growth and
development, is facing tight squeeze on margins because of runaway rubber prices and a
flood of cheap imports. With billions of new investment-dollars on the ground and in the
pipeline, it is facing unprecedented challenges to its future growth.
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SYNTHETIC RUBBER - HISTORY
Sharifah Zohra Jabeen
History of SR : SR will stay strong on burgeoning demand
Rubber Asia 2010 24(5) p. 73-74(No.7)
A war-born material, synthetic rubber has become indispensable to the modern
world thanks to its wide–ranging applications and the volatility of natural rubber supply
globally. Tracing the resilience of the synthetic rubber industry from its creation to
current challenges offers valuable lessons for today‟s expanding industry.
TYRES – PRICES
Moore, M.
Tire prices aren‟t done escalating
Rubber & Plastic News 2010 40(8) p. 1-20(No.8)
A “perfect storm” of circumstances-including floods in Thailand, a weaker U.S
dollar and higher commodity prices in general; have caused natural rubber prices to leap
to unprecedented levels. Furthermore, because of the long-term nature, NR prices will
continue to increase in the foreseeable future.
HEVEA
CHILLING STRESS AND RECOVERY
Mai, J., et al.
Contrasting strategies to cope with chilling stress among clones of tropical tree, Hevea
brasiliensis
Tree Physiology 2010 0 p. 1-12(No.9)
Eight Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. clones (GT1, YUNYAN77-4, IRCA707,
IRCA317, PB217, PB260, PR107 and RRIM600) were compared for their tolerance
towards chilling stress. Net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), optimal and
effective photochemical efficiencies (Fᵥ/Fm and Fʹᵥ/Fʹm), non-photochemical quenching,
cellular lysis and leaf necrosis were measured on trees chilled at 10°C for 96 h, as well as
upon recovery at 28°C. In addition, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate
reductase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and superoxide
dismustase activities were monitored.
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INTERCROPPING
Gonkhamdee, S., et al.
Effect of cern (Zea mays L.) on the local and overall root development of young rubber
tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg)
Plant Soil 2010 334 p. 335-351(No.10)
Understanding better the root systems in crops is significant for basic knowledge
in plant science and designing the crop systems. Current research on inter-specific root
interactions concentrates on static descriptions of the horizontal extension of root systems
or on the dynamics of provoked root encounters. This study considers detailed
observations of the dynamics of inter-specific root interactions, in the vertical plane, at
both the whole root system and the individual root levels.
LATEX BIOCHEMISTRY
Chui, F-C; Pan, X-L; Liu, J-Y.
Catalytic mechanism of Hydrogenitrile Lyase from Hevea brasiliensis : a theoretical
investigation
J. Phys. Chem. 2010 114 p. 9622-9628(No.11)
Hydroxynitrile lyases, HNLs(EC 4.1.2.39), are important enzymes for the
catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides during cyanogenesis¹ and metabolism seedling
development in several species of cyanogenic plants.
Dusotoit-Coucaud, A., et al.
Ethylene stimulation of latex yield depends on the expression of a sucrose transporter
(HbSUT1B) in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)
Tree Physiology 2010 30 p.1586-1598(No.12)
Hevea brasiliensis is an important industrial crop for natural rubber production.
Latex biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of highly specialized latex cells and requires
sucrose as the unique precursor. Ethylene stimulation of latex production results in high
sugar flow from the surrounding cells of inner bark towards the latex cells. The aim of
this work is to understand the role of seven bark towards the latex cells and also to
understand the role of seven sucrose transporters (HbSUTs) and one hexose transporter
(HbHXT1) in this process.
Intapun, J., et al.
Effect of microorganisms during the initial coagulum maturation of Hevea natural rubber
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2010 118 p.1341-1348(No.13)
The involvement of microorganisms in the initial stage of maturation of natural
rubber coagula was assessed with five latex treatments that varied in the initial quantity
of microorganisms; the treatments ranged from latex added with an antimicrobial agent
(3.4 × 104 CFU / mL) to strongly inoculated latex (2.4 × 107 CFU / mL). After 0-6 days of
maturation, the obtained rubber was characterized with respect to its physical and
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structural properties. The Wallace plasticity (Pₒ) and plasticity retention index (PRI)
remained constant during maturation with the antibiotic-added treatment.
Lacote, R., et al.
Long-term effect of ethylene stimulation on the yield of rubber trees is linked to latex cell
biochemistry
Field Crop Research 2010 115 p. 94-98(No.14)
Ethylene stimulation with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) is nowadays
essential for increasing latex production in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis): both
small-scale planters and agro-industrial plantations worldwide use of ethephon. Ethylene
stimulation strongly influences cumulative yield and latex cell biochemistry. The purpose
of this study is to characterise the long-term behaviour of the rubber tree under ethephon
treatment.
MOLECULAR CLONING/GENETICS
Bangrak, P.; Chotigeat, W.
Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel cystatin from Hevea
rubber latex
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2011 p. 1-7(No.15)
A novel cDNA encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor or phytocystatin was
isolated from Hevea brasiliensis RRIM600 rubber latex cDNA library. The full-length
HbCPI obtained from rapid amplification of cDNA ends contains 588 bp. An open
reading frame of 306 bp encodes for a protein of 101 amino acids with the typical
inhibitory motifs of phytocystatin superfamily, namely the central signature motif
QXVXG, a GG doublet and LARFAV-like motifs in the N-terminal part, and conserved
A/PW residues in the C-terminal region.
Deng, Z., at al.
Molecular cloning and characterization of an actin-depolymerizing factor gene in Hevea
brasiliensis
African Journal of Biotechnology 2010 9(45) P. 7603-7610(No.16)
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) plays an important role in regulating actin
dynamics by maintaining the optimum equilibrium between unpolymerized actin
molecules and assembled actin filaments in different cellular processes. In this study, the
first ADF gene in Hevea brasiliensis designated as HbADF, was isolated.
Duan, C., et al.
Gene expression pattern in response to wounding, methyl jasmonate and ethylene in the
bark of Hevea brasiliensis
Tree Physiology 2010 p. 1-11(No.17)
Natural rubber production in Hevea brasiliensis is determined by both tapping
and ethephon frequencies. It is affected by a complex physiological disorder called
tapping panel dryness. This syndrome is likely to be induced by environmental and latex
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harvesting stresses. Defence responses, including rubber biosynthesis, are dramatically
mediated by wounding, jasmonate and ethylene (ET), among other factors. Using real-
time RT-PCR, the effects of wounding, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ET on the relative
transcript abundance of a set of 25 genes involved in their signalling and metabolic
pathways were studied in the bark of 3-month-old epicormic shoots. Temporal regulation
was found for 9 out of 25 genes.
Dusotoid-Caucaud, A., et al.
Cloning and characterization of a new polyol transporter (HbPLT2) in Hevea brasiliensis
Plant Cell Physiology 2010 51(11) P. 1878-1888(No.18)
Quebrachitol is a cyclic polyol and along with sucrose, is one of the main sugars
in Hevea latex. However, in contrast to sucrose, the mechanism and regulation of
quebrachitol absorption is still unknown. Screening a latex-derived cDNA library using
polyol transporter-specific probes, two full-length cDNA were isolated, and named
HbPLT1 and HbPLT2 (for Hevea brasiliensis polyol transporter 1 and 2, respectively).
Their respective sequences exhibited close similarity with the previously cloned acyclic
sugar polyol transporters and shared the main features of the major facilitative
superfamily.
Leclercq, J., at al.
The green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for Agrobacterium
tumerfaciens-mediated transformation in Hevea brasiliensis (Mull. Arg.)
Plant Cell Rep. 2010 29 p. 513-522(No.19)
An efficient genetic transformation procedure using a recombinant green
fluorescent protein (GFP) has been developed in Hevea brasiliensis clone PB260.
Transformation experiments have been performed using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens
binary vector harbouring both uidA and S65T-GFP reporter genes in order to compare the
selection methods using glucuronidase assay (GUS activity) and paromomycin resistance,
GFP activity and paromomycin resistance, or GFP activity only.
Zhu, J., et al.
HbMT2, an ethephon-induced metallothionein gene from Hevea brasiliensis responds to
H2O2 stress
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2010 48 p. 710-715(No.20)
Metallothineins (MTs) are the cysteine-rich proteins with low molecular weight,
which plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular ion homeostasis,
detoxification of heavy metal ions and protect against intracellular oxidative damages. In
this study, a novel ethephon-induced metallothionein gene, designated as HbMT2, was
isolated and characterized from Hevea brasiliensis. The HbMT2 cDNA contained a 237
bp open reading frame encoding 78 amino acids and the deduced protein showed high
similarity to the type 2 MTs from other plant species. Expression analysis revealed a
more significant accumulation of HbMT2 transcripts in leaves and latex than in roots and
barks.
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TAPPING PANEL DRYNESS
Li, D., et al.
Identification and characterisation of genes associated with tapping panel dryness from
Hevea brasiliensis latex using suppression subtractive hybridisation
BMC Plant Biology 2010 10(140) p. 1-12(No.21)
Tapping panel dryness (TPD) is one of the most serious threats to natural rubber
production. Although a great deal of effort has been made to study TPD in rubber tree,
the molecular mechanisms underlying TPD remain poorly understood. Identification and
systematical analyses of the genes associated with TPD are the prerequisites for
elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in TPD. The present study is undertaken
to generate information about the genes related to TPD in rubber tree.
LATEX CHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Grossiord, N., et al.
Isotactis polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites prepared by latex technology:
electrical conductivity study
European Polymer Journal 2010 46 p. 1833-1843(No.22)
Several series of nanocomposites were prepared using a latex-based process, the
main step of which consisted of mixing an aqueous suspension of exfoliated carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) and a polymer latex. In the present work, a systematic study on the
electrical properties of fully amorphous (polystyrene – PS) as well as semi-crystalline
(isotactic polypropylene-iPP) nanocomposites containing either single-wall (SWCNTs)
or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been conducted.
GLOVES – ANTIMICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
Howe, W.L.
Antimicrobial technology for medical gloves : new market segment or fad?
Rubber Asia MARGMA Special 2010 p. 49-51(No.23)
The glove market has experienced dramatic raw material price increases across
the board recently – suppliers of natural rubber, nitrile, chloroprene, and even PVC have
been increasing prices to cover their rising costs and industry demand. Other than this,
the glove market has candidly been a somewhat uneventful industry to follow these days
at least for those outside of the industry itself; not because of the lack of industry growth,
but instead because of the lack of earthshaking advances on the technology front. Strong
evidence exists to support the further advancement of antimicrobial technology for use
with medical gloves; but is the marketplace ready and willing to pay a premium for this
enhanced hand and human protection against deadly bacteria and viruses?
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GUAYULE LATEX
Coffeh, T.A.; Ray, D.T.
Cutting height effects on guayule latex, rubber and resin yields
Industrial Crops and Products 2010 32 p. 264-268(No.24)
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the
Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more
recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite
resistant wood products and as an energy source have also been identified. Major
advances have been made since 1970 in the development of improved guayule
germplasm. However, the effects of harvesting practices such as cutting height and
frequency on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been
reported. These results are needed in order to develop production schemes for successful
commerciallization of guayule. The objectives of these study were to determine the yield
and concentration of latex, rubber and resin of five guayule lines harvested at two cutting
heights over 3 years and five harvesting schedules.
LATEX ALLERGY
Bains, S.N., et al.
Identification of clinically relevant cross-sensitization between Soliadgo virgaurea
(Goldenrod) and Hevea brasiliensis (Natural rubber latex)
J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol 2010 20(4) p. 331-339(No.25)
Solidago virgaurea (goldenrod) is a perennial weed from which no allergens have
been identified. A high latex content in its leaves has been reported. Although not an
airborne allergen, it may be an important occupational sensitizer. The aim of this study
was to identify allergenic proteins in goldenrod and to determine whether they cross-react
with Hevea brasiliensis latex.
Hamilton, R.G.; Cornish, K.
Immunogenicity studies of guayule and guayule latex in occupationally exposed workers.
Industrial Crops and Products 2010 31 p. 197-201(No.26)
Type I Hevea brasiliensis rubber latex allergy is managed by avoidance, using
synthetic and alternative latex (such as Parthenium argentatum, guayule) products. This
study investigates the ability of high-dose occupational exposure to guayule
shrub/homogenate/latex to induce guayule-specific antibody responses in employees
(Yulex Corporation). Participants completed an allergy history/guayule exposure
questionnaire and provided annual blood samples from 2006 to 2008.
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RUBBER CHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
FRACTURE
Yamabe, J.; Matsumoto, T.; Nishimura, S.;
Application of acoustic emission method to detection of internal fracture of sealing
rubber material by high-pressure hydrogen decompression
Polymer Testing 2011 30 p. 76-85(No.27)
An acoustic emission (AE) method was used to detect internal fracture of sealing
rubber material by high pressure hydrogen decompression. According to the preliminary
results, AE signals were hardly detected during the tensile test in air, but many signals
were detected during the static crack growth test in air. AE measurement of hydrogen
exposed specimens was also conducted. With the increase in number and size of internal
cracks generated due to high pressure hydrogen decompression, the AE event count and
amplitude also increased.
Soma, P., et al.
A fracture mechanics approach for evaluating the effects of heat aging on fatigue crack
growth of vulcanized Natural Rubber
Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering 2010 4(6) p. 727(No.28)
Influence of heat aging on fatigue crack growth properties of vulcanized natural
rubber used in engine mount applications were studied based on fracture mechanics
approach. Heat aging of the pure shear specimens was carried out at 70°C and 100°C for
a period ranging from 24h to 168h. the tearing energy at various tensile strains was
calculated from the stress-strain curves obtained from the static tests of the specimens.
Fatigue crack growth rate was calculated from the cyclic tests of the specimens at
constant displacement conditions and results were presented as a function of tearing
energy.
NANOCOMPOSITES
Chakraborty, S., et al.
Study of the properties of in-situ sodium activated and organomodified bentonite clay -
SBR rubber nanocomposites – Part I : Characterization and rheometric properties
Polymer Testing 2010 29 p. 181-187(No.29)
This paper presents a detailed characterization and rheometric property study in-
situ sodium activated, organomodified bentonite clay – styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)
nanocomposite. It was found that around 10 p.h.r loading was the optimum level for
maximum effect of the organo clay. The WAXD data indicated, that at a higher loading
there was formation of agglomerations in the matrix. It was found that organo clay
compound exhibited lower maximum torque in comparison to equivalent amount of
carbon black loaded compound.
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FILLERS—RICE/WHEAT HUSK
Phrommedetch, S.; Pattamaprom, C.;
Compatibility improvement of Rice Husk and Baggase Ashes with Natural Rubber by
Morten-State Maleation
European Journal of Scientific Research 2010 43(3) p. 411-416(No.30)
Rice husks and baggasses are prevalent industrial from rice mills and sugar
industries, respectively. In Thailand, these industrial wastes were normally used as fuel
sources and most of the ashes remained after combustion were disposed of as land fill.
Some researchers have proposed to use them for various applications including
reinforcing fillers in rubber composites to increase their values. Since the surfaces of rice
husk and bagasse ashes are hydrophilic, the compatibility of these ashes with rubber is
expected to be low. In this study, modification of natural rubber into maleated natural
rubber was proposed to improve the hydrophilicity of natural rubber and the
compatibility with those agricultural waste fillers.
Sobhy, M.S.; Tammam, M.T.
The influence of fiber length and concentration on the physical properties of wheat husk
fibers rubber composites
International Journal of Polymer Science 2010 p. 1-8(No.31)
Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM)/wheat husk fibers (WHFs)
composites were prepared using a laboratory size two-roll mill. Cure characteristic and
some physical properties such as swelling, mechanical, and thermal properties of the
vulcanizates were studied. The adhesion status between the WHF and rubber matrix is
lacked in general, but it started to reinforce the matrix at higher WHF contents where a
higher restriction to molecular motion of the macromolecules with uniformed stress
distribution of the fibers is produced.
TEARING ENERGY
Sakulkaew, K.; Thomas, A.G.; Bustifield, J.J.C.;
The effect of the rate of strain on tearing in rubber
Polymer Testing of the rate of strain on tearing in rubber(No.32)
There have been many previous studies on the tearing of rubber materials. The
behaviour is typically characterised using a fracture mechanics approach whereby the
rubber has a geometrically independent relationship between crack growth rate during
tearing versus strain energy release rate. This approach works well under conditions of
steady tearing as the crack growth rate is easy to measure. However, this approach is
much harder to interpret under conditions where the rubber exhibits discontinuous crack
growth behaviour such as knotty tearing or stick slip tearing.
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THERMOPLASTIC NATURAL RUBBER
Sae-Oui, P., et al.
Properties and recyclability of thermoplastic elastomer prepared from natural rubber
powder (NRP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE)
Polymer Testing 2010 29 p. 346-351(No.33)
Preparation of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) was carried out by blending
high density polyethylene (HDPE) with natural rubber powder (NRP) obtained from
spray drying of pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex. The blend ratio of NRP/HDPE was
varied and the properties and recyclability of the TPNRs were investigated. The results
reveal that, due to flow restriction of the crosslinked NRP, viscosity of the TPNR
increases continuously with increasing NRP content. As expected, when NRP content is
increased, properties of TPNR are more rubber-like, as clearly observed from the stress-
strain curve characteristics, the reductions in modulus and hardness and, most
importantly, the significant improvement of permanent set.
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES
Suphadon, N.; Thomas, A.G.; Busfield, J.J.C.;
The viscoelastic behaviour of rubber under a small simple shear oscillation superimposed
on a larger pure shear
Polymer Testing 2010 29 p. 440-444(No.34)
Previous papers have reported that measurements of the viscoelastic behaviour of
rubber as a function of a large tensile pre-strain superimposed with an additional much
smaller torsion or tension oscillation. It has been shown that the loss modulus, calculated
using the dimensions of the test piece after the application of the pre-strain, is
independent of pre-strain and is also isotropic for most of the engineering strain range
and for most filled and unfilled elastomers. This has been further investigated here using
a new and totally different test piece geometry, whereby a static pure shear is
superimposed with a small strain additional simple shear oscillation.
VULCANISED RUBBER
Torregrosa-Coque, R.; Alvarez-Garcia, S.; Martin-Martinez, J.M.;
Effects of temperature on the extent of migration of low molecular weight moieties to
rubber surface
International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 2011 31 p. 20-28(No.35)
The main aim of this study was to identify the influence of the reactivation
temperature (40 to 170°C) on the surface properties of sulphur vulcanized styrene-
butadiene rubber and determine the extent of the diffusion of paraffin wax and zinc
stearate to the rubber surface. The changes produced on rubber surface were measured
immediately after reactivation treatment by ethylene glycol contact angle measurements,
attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and scanning electron
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microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the weight loss of the rubber after reactivation at
different temperatures was recorded.
TYRES
ROLLING RESISTANCE
Anon.
Rolling on the green
Polymers & Tyres As ) p. 28,34(No.36)
The demand for sustainable mobility is having a major influence on tyre design
and manufacturing. Tomorrow‟s market is expected to be led by ultra high-performance
tyres that offer enhanced driving control, better wet grip, better ride and handling
characteristics. Run-flat and ultra fuel-efficient tyres are going to have high demand. The
rising demand for hybrid and electric vehicles, which offer zero or low emission, is
boosting demand for eco-friendly automobiles and tyres. Efforts are under way in many
countries to educate motorist on green mobility.
TYRE TESTING CENTRE – INDIA
Anon.
Test centre for tyre, rubber
Polymers & Tyre Asia 2010 1(4) p. 94-96(No.37)
The Indian Rubber Manufacturers‟ Research Association has come a long way
since its founding more than half a century ago. It is offering scientific research and
testing services to the country‟s rubber and allied industries. With funding from the
Indian Government under the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012), it has set up a Centre of
Excellence in tyres for passenger cars, two and three wheelers, light and heavy trucks and
buses.
TYRES - FRICTION
Kozhevnikov, I.F.
The steady-state conering of a wheel with a reinforced tyre with slipping
Acta Mech p. 1-16(No.38)
The author investigate the steady-stage conering of a wheel with a deformable
periphery on the plane with slipping. A previously proposed analytical model of a
reinforced tyre is considered. The surface of the tyre is represented by flexible tread,
combined with parts of two tori (sidewalls of the tyres). The contact between the wheel
and the plane occurs by the part of the tread. The force interaction between the tyre and
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the plane is represented by a model of dry friction assuming that the preasure of flexible
tread on the plane is constant in the contact area.
TYRES – PERFORMANCE
Anon.
The role of funtional polymers in improving tire performance
Rubber World 2010 242(6) p. 38-42(No.39)
Recently, the use of silica as a filler in rubber compounds have become more
common, which has lead to the need for a functional polymer that will interact with
silica. The alkoxysilane functional group has long been used in coupling agents for silica
compounds, e.g., bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (ref. 20). Prior work has shown
that alkoxysilanes are able to react with polyisoprenyl lithium chains (refs. 21 and 22)
and polystyryl lithium chains (refs. 23 and 24). Termination of anionic styrene-butadiene
copolymerization with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) yields an alkoxysilane
functionalized polymer that has been shown to interact with silica in rubber stocks on a
laboratory scale (ref. 25).
TYRES – SILICA AND SILANES
Klockmann, O.; Degussa, E.
Advanced silica-silane mixing-influence of the mixer type
Rubber World 2010 241(6) p. 21-27(No.40)
Since the introduction of silica-silane technology in the early 1990s, there has
been a steadily growing demand on silica and silanes in the tire industry. Today, nearly
all passanger car tires in Europe are equipped with treads containing such materials and
the market share of passanger car tires with silica-filled treads is still growing. The actual
CO2-emission discussion forces a broader implementation of fuel efficient systems for all
industries. The application of the silica-silane technology fulfills this requirement as it
leads to low rolling resistance tires.
TYRES-- TESTING
Anon.
TS testingservice GMBH : Innovative manufacturer of tyre test machines
Rubber Asia 2010 24(5) p. 153-154(No.41)
New worldwide tyre regulations are on its way to become mandatory. One of
these regulations is based on the UNECE R117 and the ISO 28580. Similar regulations
are on its way in the US. The goal of the new regulations is to improve the safety and
economic and environmental efficiency of road transport by promoting fuel-efficient and
safe tyres with low noise levels. This regulation should allow the end-users to make more
No. 1/2011
Abstracts of Selected Articles
14
informed choices when purchasing tyres by cosidering this information along with other
factors that normally considered during the purchase decision process.
Moore, M.
Not „final„ answer : NHTSA tire –efficiency rule still needs work; differences on the
details exist.
Tire Bussiness 2010 28(1) P. 1-21(No.42)
Tire industry stakeholders acknowledged that they have a lot of work ahead to
ensure they get the tire testing parameters and consumer information plans they want in
the tire fuel-efficiency rating final rule. The 195-page standard‟s March 25 issuance on
the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) web site made that plain,
and a meeting on the consumer information portion of the rule at NHTSA headquarters in
Washington the next day made even plainer.
OTHERS
ALTERNATIVE CROPS
Pearson, C.H., et al.
Natural rubber quantification in sunflower using an automated solvent extractor
Industrial Crops and Products 2010 31 p. 469-475(No.43)
Leaves of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) produces a small amount of low
molecular weight of natural rubber (NR) and this species has potential as a rubber-
producing crop plant. Quantifying NR in plant tissue has traditionally been accomplished
using Soxhlet or gravimetric methodologies. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)
provides faster sample extraction, excellent repeatability, and lower labor cost for
analysis than Soxhlet.
BIOFUEL
Haney, R.L.; Kiniry, J.R.; Johnson, M-V.V.
Soil microbiology activity under different grass species : underground impacts of biofuel
cropping
Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 2010 139 p.754-758(No.44)
Microbial and plant communities interact to determine local nutrient cycling rates.
As lands are converted to bioenergy crops, including corn and cellulosic grasses, focus
has been on the changes in soil carbon sequestration. Little attention has been paid to
impacts of such land conversion on the activity of belowground communities.
No. 1/2011
Abstracts of Selected Articles
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OIL PALM FIBRE COMPOSITES
Shinoj, S., et al.
Oil palm fiber (OPF) and its composites : A review
Industrial Crops and Products 2011 33 p. 7-22(No.45)
Twenty first century has witnessed remarkable achievements in green technology
and material science through the development of biocomposites. Oil palm fiber (OPF)
extracted from the empty fruit bunches is proven as a good raw material for
biocomposites. The cellulose content of OPF is in the range of 43%-65% and lignin
content is the range of 13%-25%. A compilation of the morphology, chemical
constituents and properties of OFP as reported by various researchers are collected and
presented in this paper.
RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
Hsuan, J.; Mahnke, Volker.
Outsourcing R&D : a review, model and research agenda
R&D Management 2011 41(1) p. 1-7(No.46)
Outsourcing R&D is an increasingly explored corporate practice. Extant research,
advanced our initial understanding of its increasing importance and benefits. While the
associated literature has blossomed, the ethusiasm of R&D managers is tenured by an
increasing realization of the possible downsides, risks, and costs that come with the
increasing use of external sources of innovation. Here the article suggest that research on
outsourcing R&D has to move towards a balanced view on the profitability of such
arrangements.
Naslund, D.; Kale, R.; Paulraj, A.
Action research in supply chain management – a framework for relevant and rigorius
research
Journal of Business Logistics 2010(No.47)
Scholars in the field of business management have frequently debated the relative
importance of rigor and relevance in business research. In fact, there are an increasing
number of articles that discuss the problems associated with the lack of relevance in
published business research. Relevant research “develops insights that help managers
understand themselves and their organizations better” (Markides 2007, p.765). On the
other hand, rigor is “the constant examination of whether research can actually support
and justify the claims it makes” (Mentzer 2008, p.72). These definitions of rigor and
relevance do not preclude the existence of the other in any way. Therefore, all relevant
research need not lack rigor, and all rigorous research need not be irrelevant. In fact,
researchers should not choose between these two options.
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Abstracts of Selected Articles
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Stanko, M.A.; Calantone, R.J.
Controversy in innovation outsourcing research : review, synthesis and future direction
R&D Management 2011 41(1) p. 8-20(No.48)
There is growing stream of research into the outsourcing of innovation activities
within the innovation, management, marketing and economics diciplines.
Understandably, this coincides with the practice becoming more commonplace in the
industry. Here the article attempt to synthesize research surrounding the question of
whether to outsource or internalize innovation activities and performance implications of
this decision. Support for both transaction cost and resource-based arguments is
examined, with both theory bases showing substantial attention from both case-based and
empirical research.