Post on 25-May-2015
Lymphatic and Immune SystemTerms
Biology 120Presentation 6Allyson LofgrenProfessor Abdullah
H.I.V.Human Immunodeficiency Virus
H.I.V. is the virus that can lead to a persondeveloping A.I.D.S. H.I.V. attacks the patient’s immune system,
specifically the T-Cells (also know as the CD4cells).
Eventually, H.I.V. kills so many T-Cells that thebody cannot fight infections any longer.
Causes of H.I.V. H.I.V. is found in body fluids like
Blood Vaginal fluids Semen Rectal Mucous
These fluids can be passed on byBlood transfusionsUnprotected sexMedical accidentsIntravenous drug users sharing needles
Symptoms of H.I.V.
•• No SymptomsNo Symptoms•• Some patients show no apparent symptoms. The patientSome patients show no apparent symptoms. The patient
sometimes only begin to feel sick when they developsometimes only begin to feel sick when they developA.I.D.S.A.I.D.S.
•• Also called the Chronic or Latent phaseAlso called the Chronic or Latent phase
•• Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)•• An early symptom that manifests as a horrible fluAn early symptom that manifests as a horrible flu
•• VomitingVomiting•• SorenessSoreness•• FatigueFatigue•• FeverFever
•• It (ARS) is the bodyIt (ARS) is the body’’s first response to infections first response to infection
Treatments for H.I.V.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the currenttreatment for A.I.D.S. and H.I.V.
ART keeps the amount of H.I.V. in thebody in check
Stops the virus from reproducing Blocks the virus from entering more cells
ART does not cure H.I.V. or A.I.D.S.
A.I.D.SAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Patients are not directly infected with A.I.D.S. Theyare infected with HIV and may develop A.I.D.S. as aresult of the infection.
According to the CDC, a patient must fulfill thefollowing criteria to have A.I.D.S. CD4 count drops to below 200. Threshold for a poor immune system Viral load increases to levels considered high. The virus is reproducing in
high quantities The presence of opportunistic infections. The body is becoming sick with
infections because the immune system cannot fight them.
Symptoms of A.I.D.S.
A.I.D.S. symptoms are the result of infections thatnormally do not happen in healthy people Chills Fevers Sweats Swollen lymph glands Weakness Weight loss
Treatments for A.I.D.S
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the currenttreatment for A.I.D.S. and H.I.V. ART keeps the amount of H.I.V. in the body in
check Stops the virus from reproducing Blocks the virus from entering more cells
ART does not cure A.I.D.S.
Elephantiasis also known as Lymphatic Filariasis
Elephantiasis is the enlargement and disfigurement caused byblockage of the lymphatic system It is much more common insubtropic and tropical areas of the world 1/3 of the patients live in India 1/3 of the patients live in Africa
Cause of Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis is caused by parasitic worms Wuchereriabancrofti and Brugia malayi living in the host’s lymphaticsystem. The worms block the lymph nodes so the fluidscan not drain and the body part swells
Elephantiasis is spread by mosquitoes Mosquitoes bite infected patients and pick up the
microfilariae (immature worm) that develop, inside themosquito, into the infective stage in 1 to 3 weeks.
The mosquito larvae move to its mouth and enter aperson’s skin while the mosquito bites them.
Symptoms of Elephantiasis
Acute swelling and disfigurement Limbs Genitals Breasts Kidneys Lymphatic system
Treatments for Elephantiasis Albendazole and DEC kills the parasite Deep cleaning of the infected area or areas
that have been affected by the blockageincreases the flow of the lymphatic fluids
Works Cited Staff of U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Guidelines fo the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV- Infected Adults and
Adolescents”, http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines Staff of CDC, “Symptoms & Signs”, http://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/overview/signs-and-symptoms/index.html Staff of Aids.org, “What is A.I.D.S.?”, updated 2011, http://www.aids.org/topics/aids-factsheets/aids-background-information/what-
is-aids/ Staff of Center For Disease Control, Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB
Prevention, “Fact Sheets”, 11/30/10, http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/ Goldman L, Ausiello, Del Rio C, Curran JWSterling TR, Chaisson RE, “A.I.D.S.”, 05/25/10, The New York Times On Line,
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/aids/overview.html Staff of World Health Organization, “Lymphatic filariasis, Fact Sheet # 102”, 2011,
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/