Lymphatic and Immune SystemTerms

Biology 120Presentation 6Allyson LofgrenProfessor Abdullah

H.I.V.Human Immunodeficiency Virus

H.I.V. is the virus that can lead to a persondeveloping A.I.D.S. H.I.V. attacks the patient’s immune system,

specifically the T-Cells (also know as the CD4cells).

Eventually, H.I.V. kills so many T-Cells that thebody cannot fight infections any longer.

Causes of H.I.V. H.I.V. is found in body fluids like

Blood Vaginal fluids Semen Rectal Mucous

These fluids can be passed on byBlood transfusionsUnprotected sexMedical accidentsIntravenous drug users sharing needles

Symptoms of H.I.V.

•• No SymptomsNo Symptoms•• Some patients show no apparent symptoms. The patientSome patients show no apparent symptoms. The patient

sometimes only begin to feel sick when they developsometimes only begin to feel sick when they developA.I.D.S.A.I.D.S.

•• Also called the Chronic or Latent phaseAlso called the Chronic or Latent phase

•• Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)•• An early symptom that manifests as a horrible fluAn early symptom that manifests as a horrible flu

•• VomitingVomiting•• SorenessSoreness•• FatigueFatigue•• FeverFever

•• It (ARS) is the bodyIt (ARS) is the body’’s first response to infections first response to infection

Treatments for H.I.V.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the currenttreatment for A.I.D.S. and H.I.V.

ART keeps the amount of H.I.V. in thebody in check

Stops the virus from reproducing Blocks the virus from entering more cells

ART does not cure H.I.V. or A.I.D.S.

A.I.D.SAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Patients are not directly infected with A.I.D.S. Theyare infected with HIV and may develop A.I.D.S. as aresult of the infection.

According to the CDC, a patient must fulfill thefollowing criteria to have A.I.D.S. CD4 count drops to below 200. Threshold for a poor immune system Viral load increases to levels considered high. The virus is reproducing in

high quantities The presence of opportunistic infections. The body is becoming sick with

infections because the immune system cannot fight them.

Symptoms of A.I.D.S.

A.I.D.S. symptoms are the result of infections thatnormally do not happen in healthy people Chills Fevers Sweats Swollen lymph glands Weakness Weight loss

Treatments for A.I.D.S

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the currenttreatment for A.I.D.S. and H.I.V. ART keeps the amount of H.I.V. in the body in

check Stops the virus from reproducing Blocks the virus from entering more cells

ART does not cure A.I.D.S.

Elephantiasis also known as Lymphatic Filariasis

Elephantiasis is the enlargement and disfigurement caused byblockage of the lymphatic system It is much more common insubtropic and tropical areas of the world 1/3 of the patients live in India 1/3 of the patients live in Africa

Cause of Elephantiasis

Elephantiasis is caused by parasitic worms Wuchereriabancrofti and Brugia malayi living in the host’s lymphaticsystem. The worms block the lymph nodes so the fluidscan not drain and the body part swells

Elephantiasis is spread by mosquitoes Mosquitoes bite infected patients and pick up the

microfilariae (immature worm) that develop, inside themosquito, into the infective stage in 1 to 3 weeks.

The mosquito larvae move to its mouth and enter aperson’s skin while the mosquito bites them.

Symptoms of Elephantiasis

Acute swelling and disfigurement Limbs Genitals Breasts Kidneys Lymphatic system

Treatments for Elephantiasis Albendazole and DEC kills the parasite Deep cleaning of the infected area or areas

that have been affected by the blockageincreases the flow of the lymphatic fluids

Works Cited Staff of U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Guidelines fo the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV- Infected Adults and

Adolescents”, http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines Staff of CDC, “Symptoms & Signs”, http://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/overview/signs-and-symptoms/index.html Staff of Aids.org, “What is A.I.D.S.?”, updated 2011, http://www.aids.org/topics/aids-factsheets/aids-background-information/what-

is-aids/ Staff of Center For Disease Control, Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB

Prevention, “Fact Sheets”, 11/30/10, http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/ Goldman L, Ausiello, Del Rio C, Curran JWSterling TR, Chaisson RE, “A.I.D.S.”, 05/25/10, The New York Times On Line,

http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/aids/overview.html Staff of World Health Organization, “Lymphatic filariasis, Fact Sheet # 102”, 2011,

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/