Lingua Inglese I Political Science

M. Antonietta Marongiu

Britain past and present:

history, language and institutions

Unit 2

Unit 2

A history of

invasion and migration

The Celtic tribes

religion iron crops tribes traditions

Between the 6th and the 3rd century BC, Celtic ________ from central Europe gradually settled in southern England. The Celts brought their languages and their _________ to Britain. Their priests were called Druids, the guardians of _________. They controlled the calendar and the planting of ________ and presided over religious festivals. The Celts were farmers and warriors and lived in clans. They brought their skill in working _______ to the British Isles. Later, they were influenced by the Roman religion and converted to Christianity.

Celtic Europe

The Celts called Britain and Ireland the "Pretanic Islands" which evolved into the modern word "Britain".

The Druids

Druids were priests of the ancient Celtic religious order. Powerful figures in the Celtic world, they served not only as religious leaders but also as teachers, judges, a d v i s e r s , s o o t h s a y e r s * , healers**, and poets. The Druids held both religious and political power.

Read more: Druids - http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Dr-Fi/Druids.html#ixzz28Eddgg00

*one who predicts the future, prophet, diviner **one who heals sicknesses of the mind or body

The Roman invasion

territory expedition colony wall temples The first Roman invasion of the British Isles took place in 55 BC under Julius Caesar, but it was not a permanent occupation. In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius ordered an __________ and an army of 40,000 men invaded southern Britain establishing a __________ called Britannia. The Romans founded their capital London, known then as Londinium, and other towns such as Bath, York, and Chester. They built roads, villas, public baths, __________, and squares. Hadrian’s __________ was built by the Romans near the English-Scottish border to protect their ___________ from savage Scottish tribes. Roman influence can still be found in the English language. The Romans also introduced the solar calendar and censuses.

What did the Romans build?

The Hadrian’s Wall The main pool at the Roman baths in Bath, England (Aqua Sulis)

Roman roads

Network of Roman roads in England

A Roman road

Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire: an image of what it may have looked like at the time. It’s one of the largest Roman Villas in the country and includes mosaics, two bathhouses, hypocausts, a water-shrine and a latrine. Today the Villa is owned and maintained by the National Trust.

Remains of Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire

Anglo-Saxon Britain

 navigators peoples North lands word

The Roman legions began to depart from Britain in 410 AD, nearly 400 years after they first invaded. The Celtic _________ had escaped to Cornwall, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, taking their languages with them. From about 350 AD onwards, the Romans were replaced by the tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who invaded the south–east of England from northern Germany, Denmark and Holland, in order to find new _________ to settle down and farm. The name ‘England’ derives from the word ‘Angles’, and the days of the week derive from the names of Saxon gods. In 790 AD the Vikings, or Norsemen, ‘people from the ________’, coming from Norway and Denmark, settled in Scotland, Ireland and the north and east of England. They were __________, warriors and merchants: they traded in silk, furs, tusks, and seal fat for ships. Some British place names, such as Derby, end in –by, the Viking ________ for farm or village.  

Areas of Britain occupied by the settlers

Anglo-Saxon Runes

When the Anglo-Saxons became Christians, they began to use the Roman alphabet for writing (as we still do today). Before that time, they wrote in runes like these. The word RUNE means secret or mystery. Runes had a religious meaning and were used in religious ceremonies. They were a charm or a spell as well as a way of writing messages.

The Norman invasion

  Listen and fill in the gaps with the words below.

court castles Conqueror everyday absolute

The Normans came from Normandy in northern France. Their leader, the Duke of Normandy, known as William the ________, won the Battle of Hastings against the Saxons, defeating King Harold II. He marched to London and was crowned King in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. Norman power was _________ so they built the Tower of London and ________ and forts all over England, to maintain control and prevent rebellions. Norman French became the official language of the ________, administration, government and culture, greatly influencing the English language. English continued to be used by the common people for _________ life and activities.

William the Conqueror

William built a large f l e e t a n d i n v a d e d England in September 1066, defeating and killing Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts William was crowned king on Christmas Day 1066, in London.

The Bayeux Tapestry, nearly 70 metres (230 ft) long, depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England

concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England,

and culminating in the Battle of Hastings.

The Tower of London

Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly k n o w n a s t h e T o w e r o f London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078.

Reading Comprehension

1) Where did the various invaders come from? 2) What is Hadrian’s wall? 3) What did the Romans introduce into British culture? 4) Where did the Celts take their languages? 5) Where does the name ‘England’ come from? 6) Which part of England did the Vikings settle in and when? 7)Why did the Normans build forts and castles? 8) What language did the Normans speak?

Vocabulary: matching

a)  convert b)  defeat c)  depart d)  derive from e)  preside over f)  prevent g)  replace h)  settle i)  take place j)  trade

1)  cause not to happen, impede 2)  change religion 3)  come from, descend 4)  deal in, commerce, buy and sell 5)  direct, manage, lead 6)  happen, occur 7)  leave, go away 8)  populate, inhabit, establish a

residence 9)  substitute for, fill the place of 10)  win a victory over

Matching

Matching

4541321224525

True or False

In 43 AD Italian peninsula

Northern France In 1066 brought

Feudal system

Central Europe

from 300 AD

Southern Britain

brought language And religion

Southern Britain

Norway and Denmark

790 AD

South-east Britain

language

language

Timeline: match dates and events

Timeline: match dates and events

2 4

5 7

3 6

Numbers: say them aloud

Numbers: say them aloud

the second

the third ten sixty six

Forty thousand seven hundred ninety

Four hundred three hundred fifty

Fifty five four hundred ten

Forty three the first

Writing

Write sentences in the past tense using the irregular verbs.

e.g. to bring The Celts brought iron working to Britain.

win be go begin become speak build give

Matching: How do you pronounce it?

How do you pronounce it?

Vocabulary: what is the word?

Any questions?