Lingua Inglese I Political Science - people.unica.it · The Druids Druids were priests of the...
Transcript of Lingua Inglese I Political Science - people.unica.it · The Druids Druids were priests of the...
Lingua Inglese I Political Science
M. Antonietta Marongiu
Britain past and present:
history, language and institutions
Unit 2
Unit 2
A history of
invasion and migration
The Celtic tribes
religion iron crops tribes traditions
Between the 6th and the 3rd century BC, Celtic ________ from central Europe gradually settled in southern England. The Celts brought their languages and their _________ to Britain. Their priests were called Druids, the guardians of _________. They controlled the calendar and the planting of ________ and presided over religious festivals. The Celts were farmers and warriors and lived in clans. They brought their skill in working _______ to the British Isles. Later, they were influenced by the Roman religion and converted to Christianity.
Celtic Europe
The Celts called Britain and Ireland the "Pretanic Islands" which evolved into the modern word "Britain".
The Druids
Druids were priests of the ancient Celtic religious order. Powerful figures in the Celtic world, they served not only as religious leaders but also as teachers, judges, a d v i s e r s , s o o t h s a y e r s * , healers**, and poets. The Druids held both religious and political power.
Read more: Druids - http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Dr-Fi/Druids.html#ixzz28Eddgg00
*one who predicts the future, prophet, diviner **one who heals sicknesses of the mind or body
The Roman invasion
territory expedition colony wall temples The first Roman invasion of the British Isles took place in 55 BC under Julius Caesar, but it was not a permanent occupation. In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius ordered an __________ and an army of 40,000 men invaded southern Britain establishing a __________ called Britannia. The Romans founded their capital London, known then as Londinium, and other towns such as Bath, York, and Chester. They built roads, villas, public baths, __________, and squares. Hadrian’s __________ was built by the Romans near the English-Scottish border to protect their ___________ from savage Scottish tribes. Roman influence can still be found in the English language. The Romans also introduced the solar calendar and censuses.
What did the Romans build?
The Hadrian’s Wall The main pool at the Roman baths in Bath, England (Aqua Sulis)
Roman roads
Network of Roman roads in England
A Roman road
Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire: an image of what it may have looked like at the time. It’s one of the largest Roman Villas in the country and includes mosaics, two bathhouses, hypocausts, a water-shrine and a latrine. Today the Villa is owned and maintained by the National Trust.
Remains of Chedworth Roman Villa in Gloucestershire
Anglo-Saxon Britain
navigators peoples North lands word
The Roman legions began to depart from Britain in 410 AD, nearly 400 years after they first invaded. The Celtic _________ had escaped to Cornwall, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, taking their languages with them. From about 350 AD onwards, the Romans were replaced by the tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who invaded the south–east of England from northern Germany, Denmark and Holland, in order to find new _________ to settle down and farm. The name ‘England’ derives from the word ‘Angles’, and the days of the week derive from the names of Saxon gods. In 790 AD the Vikings, or Norsemen, ‘people from the ________’, coming from Norway and Denmark, settled in Scotland, Ireland and the north and east of England. They were __________, warriors and merchants: they traded in silk, furs, tusks, and seal fat for ships. Some British place names, such as Derby, end in –by, the Viking ________ for farm or village.
Areas of Britain occupied by the settlers
Anglo-Saxon Runes
When the Anglo-Saxons became Christians, they began to use the Roman alphabet for writing (as we still do today). Before that time, they wrote in runes like these. The word RUNE means secret or mystery. Runes had a religious meaning and were used in religious ceremonies. They were a charm or a spell as well as a way of writing messages.
The Norman invasion
Listen and fill in the gaps with the words below.
court castles Conqueror everyday absolute
The Normans came from Normandy in northern France. Their leader, the Duke of Normandy, known as William the ________, won the Battle of Hastings against the Saxons, defeating King Harold II. He marched to London and was crowned King in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. Norman power was _________ so they built the Tower of London and ________ and forts all over England, to maintain control and prevent rebellions. Norman French became the official language of the ________, administration, government and culture, greatly influencing the English language. English continued to be used by the common people for _________ life and activities.
William the Conqueror
William built a large f l e e t a n d i n v a d e d England in September 1066, defeating and killing Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts William was crowned king on Christmas Day 1066, in London.
The Bayeux Tapestry, nearly 70 metres (230 ft) long, depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England
concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England,
and culminating in the Battle of Hastings.
The Tower of London
Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly k n o w n a s t h e T o w e r o f London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078.
Reading Comprehension
1) Where did the various invaders come from? 2) What is Hadrian’s wall? 3) What did the Romans introduce into British culture? 4) Where did the Celts take their languages? 5) Where does the name ‘England’ come from? 6) Which part of England did the Vikings settle in and when? 7)Why did the Normans build forts and castles? 8) What language did the Normans speak?
Vocabulary: matching
a) convert b) defeat c) depart d) derive from e) preside over f) prevent g) replace h) settle i) take place j) trade
1) cause not to happen, impede 2) change religion 3) come from, descend 4) deal in, commerce, buy and sell 5) direct, manage, lead 6) happen, occur 7) leave, go away 8) populate, inhabit, establish a
residence 9) substitute for, fill the place of 10) win a victory over
Matching
Matching
4541321224525
True or False
In 43 AD Italian peninsula
Northern France In 1066 brought
Feudal system
Central Europe
from 300 AD
Southern Britain
brought language And religion
Southern Britain
Norway and Denmark
790 AD
South-east Britain
language
language
Timeline: match dates and events
Timeline: match dates and events
2 4
5 7
3 6
Numbers: say them aloud
Numbers: say them aloud
the second
the third ten sixty six
Forty thousand seven hundred ninety
Four hundred three hundred fifty
Fifty five four hundred ten
Forty three the first
Writing
Write sentences in the past tense using the irregular verbs.
e.g. to bring The Celts brought iron working to Britain.
win be go begin become speak build give
Matching: How do you pronounce it?
How do you pronounce it?
Vocabulary: what is the word?
Any questions?